COLLEGE ALGEBRA 3𝑥 − 1 2−𝑥 For a:

12 ( ) + 12 ( ) = 12[2(3𝑥 − 5)]
4 6
LECTURE: LINEAR EQUATIONS IN DIFFERENT VARIABLES 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎1 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑
3 (3𝑥 − 1) + 2(2 − 𝑥) = 24(3𝑥 − 5)
EQUATION – a statement that expresses the relation of the equality between two 𝑎𝑛 − 𝑎1 = 𝑑(𝑛 − 1)
algebraic expressions bring called the members or sides of the equation. (9𝑥 − 3) + (4 − 2𝑥) = 72𝑥 − 120
𝑎𝑛 − 𝑎1
𝑑= 𝐴𝑛𝑠.
TYPES: 7𝑥 + 1 = 72𝑥 − 120 𝑛−1
CONDITIONAL - equation that holds only some particular values of real
numbers. −65𝑥 = −121 For b:
IDENTITY – holds true for all permissible values of the quantities involved.
121 𝑇
𝑥= . 𝐴𝑛𝑠. 𝑇 = 𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑦 ; 𝐴𝑠 = 𝐴𝑛𝑠.
EQUIVALENT EQUATIONS – these are have the same solution set 65 𝑓𝑦
EXTRANEOUS ROOTS – solutions that did not satisfy the equation.
For d: For c:
LITERAL EQUATION – an equation involving at least two variables.
2 5 3𝑥 − 2 𝐶 = 𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑠 + 0.85𝑓 ′ 𝑐 𝑎𝑏 ; 𝐶 − 𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑠 = 0.85𝑓 ′ 𝑐 𝑎𝑏
EXAMPLE 1: Solve the following equations. + =
𝑥 − 3 𝑥 + 3 𝑥2 − 9
𝐶 − 𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑠
𝑎. 5𝑥 − 10 = 25 Multiplying by the LCD (x + 3) (x – 3 ) ; 𝑎= 𝐴𝑛𝑠.
0.85𝑓 ′ 𝑐 𝑏
5 15
𝑏. =
2𝑥 𝑥 − 4 2(𝑥 + 3) + 5(𝑥 − 3) = 3𝑥 − 2 For d:
3𝑥 − 1 2 − 𝑥 2𝑥 + 3 + 5𝑥 − 15 = 3𝑥 − 2 𝑆𝑒 = 𝜔𝐺𝑠
𝑐. + = 2(3𝑥 − 5)
4 6
7𝑥 − 12 = 3𝑥 − 2 𝑆𝑒
2 5 3𝑥 − 2 𝐺𝑠 = 𝐴𝑛𝑠.
𝑑. + = 𝜔
𝑥 − 3 𝑥 + 3 𝑥2 − 9 5
4𝑥 = 10 ; 𝑥 = 𝐴𝑛𝑠.
2 For e:
𝑒. 4(3 − 5𝑥) + 2(𝑥 + 5) = 5𝑥 − 2(𝑥 − 1)
𝑃𝐿 5𝜔𝐿4
SOLUTIONS: 𝛿= +
4𝐸𝐼 384𝐸𝐼
For a: Multiplying by LCD 384EI:
5(𝑥 − 2) = 5(5) 384𝛿𝐸𝐼 = 96𝑃𝐿 + 5𝜔𝐿4
For e:
𝑥 − 2 = 5 ; 𝑥 = 5 + 2 = 7. 𝐴𝑛𝑠. 96𝑃𝐿 + 5𝜔𝐿4
4(3 − 5𝑥) + 2(𝑥 + 5) = 5𝑥 − 2(𝑥 − 1) 𝐸= 𝐴𝑛𝑠.
For b: 384𝛿𝐼
(12 − 20𝑥) + (2𝑥 + 10) = 5𝑥 − (2𝑥 − 2) Systems of Equations in two and three variables
5 15
=
2𝑥 𝑥 − 4 −18𝑥 + 22 = 3𝑥 + 2 Methods:
Cross multiplying: 20
−21𝑥 = −20 ; 𝑥 = . 𝐴𝑛𝑠. 1. GRAPHICAL METHOD
21 2. ELMINATION METHOD
5(𝑥 − 4) = 2𝑥(15) 3. SUBSTITUTION METHOD
EXAMPLE 2: Solve the following literal equations: 4. CRAMER’S RULE (the use of determinants)
5𝑥 − 20 = 30𝑥 5. GAUSS – JORDAN METHOD (probably use of augmented
5𝑥 − 30𝑥 = 20 𝑎. 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎1 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑 ; 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑑. matrices)
4 𝑏. 𝑇 = 𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑦 ; 𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑓𝑦
−25𝑥 = 20 ; 𝑥=− . 𝐴𝑛𝑠.
5
𝑐. 𝐶 = 𝐴𝑠 𝑓𝑠 + 0.85𝑓 ′ 𝑐 𝑎𝑏 ; 𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑎. EXAMPLE 3: Solve the following system:
For c:
𝑑. 𝑆𝑒 = 𝜔𝐺𝑠 ; 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝐺𝑠 𝑎. 𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 7 ; 4𝑥 − 3𝑦 = −5
3𝑥 − 1 2 − 𝑥
+ = 2(3𝑥 − 5)
4 6 𝑃𝐿 5𝜔𝐿4 SOLUTION:
𝑒. 𝛿 = + ; 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝐸.
Multiply both sides by the LCD of 4 and 6 e.g. 12, 4𝐸𝐼 384𝐸𝐼
By substitution method;
SOLUTIONS:
 𝑥 = −2𝑦 + 7
Determinant of constant:
4(−2𝑦 + 7) − 3𝑦 = −5
3 0 −1 3 0
−8𝑦 + 28 − 3𝑦 = −5 𝐷 = |1 −4 5| | 1 −4 | = 64
2 5 −6 2 −1
−11𝑦 = −33 ; 𝑦 = 3. 𝐴𝑛𝑠.
Determinant of x:

0 −1 11 0 −1
𝑥 = −2(3) + 7 ; 𝑥 = 1. 𝐴𝑛𝑠. 𝐷𝑥 = |−4 5 20| | −4 5 | = −382
6 −1 −6 6 −1
𝑏. 3𝑥 + 4𝑦 = 20 ; 6𝑥 − 4𝑦 = 7
𝐷𝑥 −382 −191
SOLUTION: = = 𝐴𝑛𝑠.
𝐷 64 32
By elimination method;

3𝑥 + 4𝑦 = 20 Determinant of y:
6𝑥 − 4𝑦 = 7
9𝑥 = 27 3 −1 11 3 −1
𝐷𝑦 = |1 5 20 | | 1 5 | = −197
𝑥 =3. 𝐴𝑛𝑠. 2 −1 −6 2 −1

Substituting 3 gives
𝐷𝑦 −197 −197
= = 𝐴𝑛𝑠.
3(3) + 4𝑦 = 20 𝐷 64 64

11 Determinant of z:
4𝑦 = 20 − 9 ; 𝑦 = 𝐴𝑛𝑠.
4
3 0 11 3 0
𝐷𝑧 = |1 −4 20| |1 −4 | = −134
5 4 3 1 2 6 −6 2 6
𝑐. + = 1 ; − + = −2
𝑥 𝑦 𝑥 𝑦 𝐷𝑦 −134 −67
= = 𝐴𝑛𝑠.
𝐷 −92 32
SOLUTION:

Since substitution method is capable in 2nd equation,

1 3
= −2
𝑦 𝑥

5 3
+ 4 ( − 2) = 1
𝑥 𝑥
5 12 17 17
+ −8 =1 ; = 9; 𝑥 = . 𝐴𝑛𝑠.
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 9

Solving for y:

1 3 1 −7 17
= −2; = ; 𝑦= − 𝐴𝑛𝑠.
𝑦 17 𝑦 17 7
9

𝑐. 3𝑥 − 𝑧 = 11 ; 𝑥 − 4𝑦 + 5𝑧 = 20 ; 2𝑥 + 6𝑦 − 𝑧 = −6

SOLUTION:

Using Cramer’s Rule: