English Docu

Eulogio “AMANG” Rodriguez
Institute of Science and Technology

Nagtahan, Sampaloc, Manila
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES
Digital Thermometer Innovation with Alarm pg. 1
CHAPTER 1
THE PROBLEM AND BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Introduction
A Thermometer is a device for measuring temperature through contact with the medium
being studied. The uses of thermometers are extremely varied. There are household
thermometers, industrial thermometers, and precision thermometers for experimental and
meteorological work. The Digital Thermometer Innovation with Alarm is a device that focuses in
measuring body temperature.
The importance of Digital Thermometer Innovation with Alarm is to analyze the result
through different types of sounds, safe from chemicals, easy to use and determine the
temperature by anyone. Digital Thermometer Innovation with Alarm is a device that can be use
at home, health center and can be carry easily in different places.
The purpose of this study is to improve or to innovate a new device to determine body
temperature through types of alarms. Without looking at the thermometer, the user will know the
result of the temperature whether it has a fever or not.
The main reason why the researchers made this study is to innovate a thermometer to an
improve device. It has two different types of sound, when the result reaches higher than the
normal body temperature and when the temperature of the body is at it’s normal state.
Thermometers are widely used in industries to monitor processes, in meteorology, in
medicine, and in scientific research. Some of the principles of the thermometer were known to
Greek philosophers of two thousand years ago. The modern thermometer gradually evolved from
the thermoscope with the addition of a scale in the early 17th century and standardization
through the 17th and 18th centuries. While an individual thermometer is able to measure degrees
of hotness, the readings on two thermometers cannot be compared unless they conform to an
agreed scale. Today there is an absolute thermodynamic temperature scale.
Fever can cause quite a panic for most parents and it's normal to be worrying and
checking on your child every ten minutes. Around twice a day, you will probably take his or her
temperature to see if there is any progress in the healing process. Digital Thermometers; it is
considered to be the most accurate out of all thermometers. They are usually made of plastic and
have a sensor at the tip to be able to read temperature. There are digital thermometers that can be
used orally, rectally and in the underarms. And they are not interchangeable so consult your
doctor or pharmacist for a specific type that you would like to use.
Body temperature in children can be measured at a number of anatomical sites using a
range of different types of thermometers. Sites used to measure temperature include the mouth,
rectum and axilla. The types of thermometers available include mercury-in-glass, electronic,
chemical and infrared. Mercury-in-glass thermometers were the traditional type of thermometer
used to measure body temperature but they are no longer recommended for use in infants and
young children because of the risks of breakage and mercury spillage.
Thermometers that use mercury, a toxic liquid metal, are expected to be phased out from
both public and private hospitals by 2010. But in the meantime the Department of Environment
and Natural Resources (DENR) should find safe storage for disposed thermometers. There is a
current movement for the elimination of all mercury-containing medical devices, initiated by the
World Health Organization,” explains Dr. Santiago. “The Philippines is the first country in
Southeast Asia to take the No Mercury in Health Care pledge—which includes thermometers.”
When breakage occurs and even during disposal, mercury exposure can be toxic to the organs.
Statement of the Problem
1. Protection of Digital Thermometer Innovation with Alarm
 No mercury spillage in case of breakage
 Don’t break easily
 Eliminate the risk of mercury
 Specialized batteries
 Don’t harm environment
2. Prevention of Digital Thermometer Innovation with Alarm
 Prevent using mercury glass thermometer
 Prevent toxic substance that can be absorbed by skin
 Quick result can be prevent higher fever
 Prevent environmental hazards
 Prevent long waiting result
3. Problem encountered of Digital Thermometer Innovation with Alarm
 Accuracy problem
 Malfunctioning
 Often complex of parts
 Quite expensive
 Electronic sensor suffer from drift and hysteresis

4. Benefits of Digital Thermometer Innovation with Alarm
 Easier to read the temperature
 Easy to carry
 Easy to use
 Realize measurement within short time
 Easy to determine body temperature
5. Uses of Digital Thermometer Innovation with Alarm
 Check and monitor body temperature
 Determine the temperature through alarm
 Household use
 Memory to store prior readings
 Suitable to all ages

Conceptual Framework
This part of the study shows how the researchers do the procedures in doing the study.
This research provides a paradigm. The procedure used in the study is the INPUT-PROCESS-
OUTPUT.
The first box is the input of the study that is based on the survey questionnaire. It is
composed of Protection, Prevention, Problem Encountered, Benefits and Uses of Digital
Thermometer Innovation with Alarm.
The second box is the process used by the researchers is the descriptive method using
survey questionnaire.
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

1. Protection of Digital
Thermometer
Innovation with Alarm
Digital Thermometer
2. Prevention of Digital Innovation with Alarm
Thermometer
3. Problem Encountered
of Digital Thermometer Descriptive Method using
Innovation with Alarm Survey Questionnaire
4. Benefits of Digital
Thermometer
5. Uses of Digital
Thermometer

Scope and Limitation
This part of the research shows the scope and limitation of the study about Digital
Thermometer Innovation with Alarm.
The scopes of the study Digital Thermometer Innovation with Alarm are the College of
Engineering (CEN), College of Industrial Technology (CIT) and College of Arts and Sciences
(CAS) EARIST.
The limitation of this study is to measure body temperature.

Significance of the Study
The purpose of this study is to innovate a Digital Thermometer with alarm. It will help
determine body temperature easily, avoid chemicals and prevent long waiting of result.
The researchers are hoping that this research will also give significance to the following
beneficiaries:
STUDENTS, this research can be a basis that will help the students in the future for their study
related in Thermometer. It can be used also as their guide for their research study in the future.
FACULTY, this research can be a guide in their teaching to the students who are interested to the
topic related to this study. This can also add more information that they could share to their
students.
RESEARCHERS, this research will help the co-researchers as a guide to their study. This can
also give more information to their study to make it more knowledgeable.
PARENTS and COMMUNITY, this research can help the parents to avoid sickness and ill to
their loved ones. This research can help the community to be aware to the new innovation that
could help to their everyday lives.

ADMINISTRATION, this research can be put in the library that will help the students in their
research study. This can also help the students in the school to widen their knowledge about their
research topic.
FUTURE RESEARCHERS, This research will help the future researchers to create a new
harmless idea. It can be a guide in their future studies.

Definition of Terms
1. Innovation
(UM) The introduction of something new.
(OM) Improving a fixed device by adding alarm.
2. Digital
(UM) Using or characterized by computer technology.
(OM) A technology that is Mercury free and harmless.
3. Alarm
(UM) A feeling of fear caused by a sudden sense of danger.
(OM) Type of sound that used as a warning or signal.
4. Temperature
(UM) A level of heat that is above what is normal for the human body.
(OM) A measurement of heat in a body.
5. Mercury
(UM) The planet that is closest to the sun.
(OM) A chemical inside a thermometer.
6. Thermometer
(UM) An instrument for determining temperature.
(OM) A device used for measuring body temperature.

7. Fever
(UM) A state of excited emotion or activity.
(OM) A sickness caused by high temperature of the body.
8. Sensor
(UM) A device that responds to a physical stimulus and transmit a resulting impulse.
(OM) A component of thermometer that detects the heat of the body.
9. Hotness
(UM) Capable of giving a sensation of heat or of burning, searing, or scalding.
(OM) Having a high temperature or fever.
10. Accurate
(UM) Free from mistakes or errors.
(OM) Gives an exact result of temperature.
11. Degree
(UM) A unit for measuring the size of an angle.
(OM) A unit used for measuring body temperature.
12. Memory
(UM) The power or process of remembering what has been learned.
(OM) A chip that can store a prior readings.

13. Circuit
(UM) A series of performances, sports events, lectures that are held or done at many
different places.
(OM) Parts of thermometer that makes a digital device function through electronic.
14. Hazard
(UM) A game of chance like craps played with two dice.
(OM) A danger caused by Mercury.
15. Monitor
(UM) A raised central portion of a roof having low windows or louvers for providing
light and air.
(OM) Check the body temperature.

CHAPTER 2
FOREIGN AND LOCAL STUDIES AND LITERATURE
Foreign Literature
A thermometer is a device that measures temperature or a temperature gradient. A
thermometer has two important elements: (1) a temperature sensor (e.g. the bulb of a mercury-in-
glass thermometer or the digital sensor in an infrared thermometer) in which some change occurs
with a change in temperature, and (2) some means of converting this change into a numerical
value (e.g. the visible scale that is marked on a mercury-in-glass thermometer or the digital
readout on an infrared model). Thermometers are widely used in industries to monitor processes,
in meteorology, in medicine, and in scientific research.
Some of the principles of the thermometer were known to Greek philosophers of two
thousand years ago. The modern thermometer gradually evolved from the thermoscope with the
addition of a scale in the early 17th century and standardization through the 17th and 18th
centuries. While an individual thermometer is able to measure degrees of hotness, the readings
on two thermometers cannot be compared unless they conform to an agreed scale. Today there is
an absolute thermodynamic temperature scale. Internationally agreed temperature scales are
designed to approximate this closely, based on fixed points and interpolating thermometers. The
most recent official temperature scale is the International Temperature Scale of 1990. It extends
from 0.65 K (−272.5 °C; −458.5 °F) to approximately 1,358 K (1,085 °C; 1,985 °F).
Thermometer with Fahrenheit (symbol °F) and Celsius (symbol °C) units. Daniel Fahrenheit's
mercury-in-glass thermometer was the first practical, accurate thermometer in history. (https://-
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermometer, From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia)
Four vital signs can represent a simple assessment of the physiological and physical
status of an individual. They are body temperature, heart rate, breathing rate and blood pressure.
And body temperature is simple and intuitive one which can reflect important clinical conditions
such as inflammation and infection. At present, there are two main types of clinical
thermometers: mercury thermometers and digital thermometers. In most of hospitals in China,
mercury thermometers are still being used. Mercury thermometer is the ‘gold standard’ for
ambulatory patient's temperature recording. The precision of mercury thermometer is high which
is about ±O.l degree Celsius. Low price and simple to use are another two advantages of mercury
thermometer. However, the mercury thermometer needs a long response time when measuring.
For most right placement should be for 5–7 minutes. Besides, breakage is a constant problem and
there are more concerns about the environmental hazards of mercury. These limitations make
researchers find much safer and more convenient thermometers. Thus digital thermometers
emerge in clinical applications. One obvious advantage of digital thermometer is that it
eliminates the risk of mercury. Besides, the data acquired from digital thermometer can be stored
for future use. However, digital thermometers on the market cannot replace mercury ones so far.
The most significant reason is that the accuracy of digital thermometer is not high enough
although they can measure temperature quickly. The precision of most digital thermometers is
about 0.5 degree Celsius which is lower than mercury thermometer. Hence digital thermometers
with high precision are in urgent need. Body temperature is one of vital signs which can reflect
physical status of an individual. Digital thermometers are adopted in clinical gradually in recent
years. But few thermometers are really used in clinical because the measurement accuracy or
measuring time. In the paper, we designed an improved digital thermometer which has both fast
response and high precision. For excellent performance, 1) thermocouple and resistance
temperature detector (RTD) are used to measure body temperature; 2) AD7793, high resolution
and low noise analog-to-digital converter (ADC), digitalizes the results; 3) specific assemble and
heat isolation methods are considered for better performance; 4) final calibration is realized to
further improve the precision of thermometer. In addition, for making better use of reference
tables of both thermocouple and RTD, least square method is used to realize second-order fitting
without affecting precision of thermometer. The thermometer also contains other functions
including display function, storage function, and wireless transmission function. Finally the
digital thermometer is tested in the lab. And the improved thermometer can realize measurement
within short time of 5 seconds and with high precision of 0.05 degree Celsius. Thus our
thermometer makes it possible that digital thermometer can totally replace mercury thermometer
in the future. With fast response and high precision, the digital thermometer can serve
sufficiently in clinical. (Published in: 2014 7th International Conference on Biomedical
Engineering and Informatics, Publisher: IEEE, https://ieeexplore.ieee.org)

Thermometer, instrument for measuring temperature, Galileo and Sanctorius devised
thermometers consisting essentially of a bulb with a tubular projection, the open end of which
was immersed in a liquid. Heating or cooling the bulb affected the height of the column of liquid
in the tube, on which a scale was marked. Over a century later appeared the three thermometers
now most widely used—the Fahrenheit, the centigrade (Celsius), and the Réaumur (used to some
extent in parts of Europe). The first, invented by Fahrenheit c.1714 in Danzig, initiated the use of
mercury as a heat-measuring medium; the thermometer of Réaumur, invented c.1730, used
alcohol; the Celsius, invented by Anders Celsius at Uppsala (probably 1742) is now most used in
laboratory work. The clinical thermometer is a small tubular instrument of rather thick glass. It
consists essentially of a small vacuum tube of uniform bore closed at one end and connected at
the other with a mercury chamber (either a bulb or a short tube of larger bore). A Celsius or a
Fahrenheit scale (or both) is etched on the front of the thermometer; opposite this the glass is
milky or semi-opaque, to facilitate reading the temperature. When heat is applied, the mercury
expands and rises from the chamber past a narrowed point and up the small tube. This narrowed
point prevents the mercury from sinking back until shaking forces it down. A thermocouple can
be used as a thermometer for measuring temperatures outside the range of liquid-in-glass
thermometers. It is based on the thermoelectric effect occurring when the two junctions of a
closed loop made of two different metals are at different temperatures. (The Columbia
Electronic Encyclopedia™ Copyright © 2013, Columbia University Press., Licensed from
Columbia University Press. www.cc.columbia.edu)

A digital thermometer in the form of a wearable patch detected increases in body temperature up
to 180 minutes earlier than standard monitoring in a small study of patients admitted for stem
cell transplant or high-dose chemotherapy for leukemia at University Hospitals (UH) Seidman
Cancer Center in Cleveland. The Bluetooth-enabled patch measures temperature every 10
minutes instead of every 4 hours—the current usual care—and sends measurements to Apple- or
Android-compatible mobile devices. (https://jamanetwork.com, Jennifer Abbasi
August 8, 2017)
Temperature is a numerical representation of hot or cold compared against baselines, typically
the point at which water freezes and boils.
In most in instances, temperature measures how much heat there is in a particular entity —in a
liquid, such as water, or a solid, such as soil. In meteorology, temperature measures the heat
content of the atmosphere.
The instrument used to measure temperature is a thermometer, a word derived from the
Greek thermos, meaning "hot," and metron, "measure."
Galen, a Greek scientist and physician, made the first attempt at measuring temperature in A.D.
170. He documented a standard "neutral" temperature of equal parts of boiling water and ice. He
added four degrees of heat and four degrees of cold on either side of this neutral temperature.
The concept of measuring temperature is fairly new. The thermoscope — essentially a
thermometer without a scale — was the precursor to the modern thermometer. There were
several inventors working on thermoscopes around 1593, but the most well-known is Galileo
Galilei, an Italian inventor who also improved upon (but did not invent) the telescope.
A thermoscope could show the differences in temperature, allowing observers to know if
something was getting hotter or colder. However, the thermoscope could not provide an exact
temperature in degrees. In 1612, the Italian inventor Santorio Santorio added a numerical scale
on his thermoscope and it was used to take human temperature. (Temperature: Facts, History
& Definition by Kim Ann Zimmermann, Live Science Contributor | September 20, 2013
https://www.livescience.com)
Thermometers measure temperature, by using materials that change in some way when they are
heated or cooled. In a mercury or alcohol thermometer, the liquid expands as it is heated and
contracts when it is cooled, so the length of the liquid column is longer or shorter depending on
the temperature. Modern thermometers are calibrated in standard temperature units such as
Fahrenheit (used in the United States) or Celsius (used in Canada) and Kelvin (used mostly by
scientists).
Before there was the thermometer, there was the earlier and closely related thermoscope, best
described as a thermometer without a scale. A thermoscope only showed the differences in
temperatures, for example, it could show something was getting hotter. However, the
thermoscope did not measure all the data that a thermometer could, for example, an exact
temperature in degrees.
In 1612, the Italian inventor Santorio Santorio invented the mouth thermometer and perhaps the
first crude clinical thermometer. However, it was both bulky, inaccurate, and took too long to get
a reading.
The first doctors to routinely take the temperature of their patients were: Hermann Boerhaave
(1668–1738), Gerard L.B. Van Swieten (1700–72) founder of the Viennese School of Medicine,
and Anton De Haen (1704–76). These doctors found temperature correlated to the progress of an
illness, however, few of their contemporaries agreed, and the thermometer was not widely used.
English physician, Sir Thomas Allbutt (1836–1925) invented the first practical medical
thermometer used for taking the temperature of a person in 1867. It was portable, 6 inches in
length and able to record a patient's temperature in 5 min. (Mary Bellis, April 17, 2017
https://www.thoughtco.com)
LOCAL LITERATURE
Fever can cause quite a panic for most parents and it's normal to be worrying and checking on
your child every ten minutes. Around twice a day, you will probably take his or her temperature
to see if there is any progress in the healing process. With the different types of thermometers
available in the market, how do you know which one to use?
Digital Thermometers - It is considered to be the most accurate out of all thermometers. They are
usually made of plastic and have a sensor at the tip to be able to read temperature. There are
digital thermometers that can be used orally, rectally and in the underarms. And they are not
interchangeable so consult your doctor or pharmacist for a specific type that you would like to
use. Plastic Strip Thermometers - Although these plastic strips that are pressed against the
forehead can indeed tell you whether or not your child has a fever, it can't give accurate
temperature readings, which makes it not very dependable. Ear Thermometers - These are placed
in the ear and can read temperatures but are not as accurate as a digital thermometer. They can
also be more expensive than the other types of thermometers.
Choosing the right thermometer is just one of the things to consider when your child has a fever.
(http://www.calpol.com.ph , WebMD. Body Temperature. Available at:
http://www.webmd.com Accessed July 2014. KidsHealth. Fever and Taking Your Child's
Temperature. Available at: http://kidshealth.org Accessed July 2014.
Mayo Clinic. How to take your child's temperature. Available at:
http://www.mayoclinic.org Accessed July 2014. Mayo Clinic. How to take your child's
temperature. Available at: http://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-living/infant-and-toddler-
health/in Accessed July 2014.)

This literature review looks at published works on the accuracy, reliability and sensitivity of the
tympanic membrane thermometer in the pediatric population, particularly in relation to those
who present in the Accident and Emergency department. Decisions that influence patient care
outcomes are often based on information obtained from taking the child's temperature. Numerous
studies have been conducted to examine temperature sites and instruments used. The most recent
temperature measuring device to be used by nurses in assessing their patients is the tympanic
membrane thermometer. The advantages of tympanic membrane temperature measurement
include ease of use, rapid results and convenience for both nurse and child. However,
inconsistent study reports have revealed some concerns about the use of the tympanic membrane
thermometer as a routine measurement tool of body temperature in children. To meet the goal of
accurate assessment of body temperature the practitioner must understand the principles behind
the use of the tympanic membrane thermometer and thus use it appropriately.
(www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov , Published: 2013 Oct;4(4):190-3. James Cortes)
A case of soft-tissue injury to the hand resulting from an accident with a mercury thermometer in
which there was no serious untoward effect other than a local fibrous and lymphoreticular
reaction is described. Other instances of similar soft-tissue injuries from the literature, illustrating
the unpredictable and sometimes fatal consequences of such accidents, are reviewed. Injuries
with metallic mercury through iatrogenic means, or by self-administration into arteries, veins,
and gastrointestinal tract, are also mentioned. (https://academic.oup.com Raymond Rachman,
M.D. Philippine of Clinical Pathology, Published: 01 February 2014 Article history)
Before Galileo - who understood that science is based on precise measurement - some had
worked out that it should to be possible to invent a device that would measure the grades from
cold to hot and back again. These early experiments were called thermoscopes. They used a
column of air in a tube with one end in a container of colored water. In 1610 Galileo tried it with
wine, and so is credited with inventing the first alcohol thermometer.
The first sealed thermometer designed in 1641 for the grand duke of Tuscany, used alcohol, and
it had degree marks. But the man credited with using the freezing point of water as the zero, or
starting point was an Englishman from London, Robert Hooke, in 1664. An astronomer called
Roemer in Copenhagen chose ice and the boiling point of water as his two reference points, and
started keeping weather records, but there were still uncertainties about how to devise an
accurate scale that would be reliable everywhere.
In 1724, the German instrument maker, Gabriel Fahrenheit thought mercury the most suitable
liquid for measuring temperature. He calibrated his first thermometer using a mixture of ice and
water with sea salt as his zero. But salt water has a much lower freezing point than ordinary
water, so for his purposes he chose his freezing point as 30, and the temperature inside the mouth
of a healthy human as 96. With those three points, he established the boiling point of water at
212 and later adjusted his freezing point of water to 32. That way, he could count 180 degrees
between boiling and freezing, at sea level.
But 180 is an awkward number. So two decades later, Linnaeus - who invented the taxonomic
system for naming species - and a Swedish astronomer, Anders Celsius separately worked out a
scale of one hundred degrees between freezing and boiling points. Because there were 100 steps
between the two states, it was called the centigrade scale.
A little more than a century later - in 1848 - Lord Kelvin started contemplating the theory of
heat and of course a much greater range of temperature. He used the centigrade scale, but started
from absolute zero, the point at which all molecular motion stops, the lowest conceivable
temperature in the universe. This turned out to be -273.15C. There is an absolute temperature
version of Fahrenheit, called the Rankine scale, but hardly anybody uses it. In 1948, an
international conference on weights and measures adopted the Celsius scale as the standard
measure, but Fahrenheit is still used in the United States.
Eventually, scientists found other physical properties that respond reliably to the application of
heat and cold. Dial thermometers depend upon the expansion and contraction of metal.
Electronic thermometers, like thermistor and thermocouple thermometers use the effects of heat
and cold on the speed or flow of electronic circuits to calculate temperature. Infrared
thermometers measure the emission of infrared radiation. Still other thermometers measure the
effect of heat and cold on sound waves, photoluminescence, fluorescence, magnetism, gamma
rays, and many other physical phenomena. (https://thermometer.co.uk ,Jayson Lopez,
Published:25 January 2013)
From the classical period till the present, questions have always been asked over what values that
a course of study in any human society can be to the scholar. Plato started the debate on what
value or contribution which literature can make to a well-ordered republic. Later scholars
defended the view by asserting that literature plays a vital role in the development of any nation
by providing criticism, aesthetics, beauty of language uses, oratory and policy formulation, as
well as contributing to the historical record and other societal values in any given society. It does
not only satisfy the aesthetic needs of a people through arts, but redesigns, reconstructs and
redirects the focus of that given society. Through the medium of criticism, literature studies,
analyses and judges the ethics and mores of a given society. It therefore stands as a moral
thermometer for measuring and healing the identified social maladies. This is contrary to Plato’s
idea. This paper examines the role of literature in the national development. Festus Iyayi’s
Violence and Buchi Emecheta’s Second Class Citizen are used as reference texts to assess the
values of literature and its contributions to the sustainable development of the country Nigeria.
The paper employs the use of the concept of humanism as a term applied to a variety of beliefs,
methods, and philosophies that place central emphasis on the human beings. Since the main
source of inspiration of humanities deeply lies in the efforts and contributions of the classical
literature, the paper revisits Plato’s ideas about literature which is negative to the discipline.
Analyzing Iyayi’s Violence and Emecheta’s Second Class Citizen, the paper concludes that they
have not only exposed the big gap that existed between the rich and the poor, but have frowned
at this social malaise that has bedeviled the Nigerian society. (https://www.ajol.info ,
Philippinel Journal of Language, Literature , Mbanefo S. Ruiz , Published: 11 May 2017)
Normal oral, rectal, tympanic and axillary body temperature in adult men and women: a
systematic literature review. The purpose of this study was to investigate normal body
temperature in adult men and women. A systematic review of data was performed. Searches
were carried out in MEDLINE, CINAHL, and manually from identified articles reference lists.
Studies from 1935 to 1999 were included. Articles were classified as (1) strong, (2) fairly strong
and (3) weak evidence. When summarizing studies with strong or fairly strong evidence the
range for oral temperature was 33.2-38.2 degrees C, rectal: 34.4-37.8 degrees C, tympanic: 35.4-
37.8 degrees C and axillary: 35.5-37.0 degrees C. The range in oral temperature for men and
women, respectively, was 35.7-37.7 and 33.2-38.1 degrees C, in rectal 36.7-37.5 and 36.8-37.1
degrees C, and in tympanic 35.5-37.5 and 35.7-37.5 degrees C. The ranges of normal body
temperature need to be adjusted, especially for the lower values. When assessing body
temperature it is important to take place of measurement and gender into consideration. Studies
with random samples are needed to confirm the range of normal body temperature with respect
to gender and age. (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov , Marie Santiago , Published:06 June
2016)
Foreign Studies
A device for measuring temperature through contact with the medium being studied. The uses of
thermometers are extremely varied. There are household thermometers (room thermometers,
thermometers for air and water, and clinical thermometers), industrial thermometers, and
precision thermometers for experimental and meteorological work. The operation of
thermometers is based on such physical properties as the thermal expansion of liquids, gases, and
solids and on the temperature dependence of electrical resistance, thermal electromotive force,
the magnetic susceptibility of a paramagnet, and the pressure of gases or saturated vapor.
The most common types of thermometers are liquid-filled, filled-system, resistance, and
thermoelectric thermometers. In addition, condensation, gas, acoustic, and magnetic
thermometers are used to measure low temperatures. There are also thermometers for special
purposes—for example, meteorological thermometers, hypsometers, and deep-sea thermometers.

Bimetallic thermometers are sometimes used. Their operation is based on the difference in
thermal expansion of the substances comprising the strips of their sensitive elements. There are
also quartz thermometers, using the temperature dependence of the resonance frequency of a
piezoelectric quartz crystal, and capacitance thermometers, using the dependence of the
dielectric constant of ferroelectrics on temperature. (D. I. SHAREVSKAIA, The Great
Soviet Encyclopedia, 3rd Edition 2010 The Gale Group, Inc., https://-
encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com)
Regular digital thermometers use electronic heat sensors to record body temperature. These
thermometers can be used in the rectum, mouth or armpit.
Armpit temperatures are usually the least accurate. Rectal temperatures provide the best readings
for infants, especially those 3 months or younger, as well as children up to age 3. For older
children and adults, oral readings are usually accurate — as long as the mouth is closed while the
thermometer is in place.
If you plan to use a digital thermometer to take both oral and rectal temperatures, you'll need to
get two digital thermometers and label one for oral use and one for rectal use. Don't use the same
thermometer in both places.
The pros:
Most digital thermometers can record temperatures from the mouth, armpit or rectum — often in
a minute or less.
A digital thermometer is appropriate for newborns, infants, children and adults.

The cons:
Parents may worry about causing discomfort when taking a child's temperature rectally.
You need to wait 15 minutes after eating or drinking to take an oral temperature. Otherwise, the
temperature of your food or drink might affect the thermometer reading.
It can be difficult for children — or anyone who breathes through the mouth — to keep their
mouths closed long enough to get an accurate oral reading. (https://www.mayoclinic.org)
This study assessed the concordance of the temperatures of the digital, liquid crystal forehead
and digital infrared tympanic thermometers with the mercury in glass thermometer.
Temperatures in degrees celsius were taken simultaneously using the four thermometers in 207
patients at the casualty department of a Malaysian hospital. The Bland Altman statistical test was
used to assess the concordance by the 95% limits of agreement between the three newer
thermometers and the mercury in glass thermometer. The digital thermometer gave the best
concordance (limits of agreement 0.48-0.59 degrees C). The liquid crystal forehead thermometer
gave the least concordance (limits of agreement -1.14-0.98 degrees C). The digital infrared
tympanic was in between (limits of agreement -0.88-0.85 degrees C). The digital thermometer
provides the best agreement with the mercury in glass thermometer. The infrared tympanic
thermometer may be a preferable option for the uncooperative patient. The liquid crystal
forehead thermometer is best used at home. (Researchgate.net/publication)
Body temperature in children can be measured at a number of anatomical sites using a range of
different types of thermometers. Sites used to measure temperature include the mouth, rectum
and axilla. The types of thermometers available include mercury-in-glass, electronic, chemical
and infrared. Mercury-in-glass thermometers were the traditional type of thermometer used to
measure body temperature but they are no longer recommended for use in infants and young
children because of the risks of breakage and mercury spillage. Furthermore, UK health and
safety regulations require that mercury-containing medical devices should not be used whenever
a suitable alternative exists. Mercury-in-glass thermometers will not be considered further in this
guideline except as a comparator in diagnostic studies.
Electronic thermometers are widely used by healthcare professionals as an alternative to
mercury-in-glass thermometers. Electronic thermometers have the advantages of being accurate
and very quick to use but they are often complex and quite expensive pieces of medical
equipment. Recently, cheaper compact electronic thermometers have been produced and these
are available for use by the public as well as healthcare professionals. Chemical phase-change
thermometers measure body temperature by using a combination of chemicals that change colour
in response to variation in temperature. (Copyright© 2013 National Collaborating Centre for
Women’s and Children’s Health)
A thermometer is a device used to measure the temperature of any particular device or living
body and displays the reading. A thermometer scale can be in Fahrenheit or Celsius. 2 Kinds of
Conventional Thermometers used earlier; (1) Bulb or Mercury Thermometers: These
thermometers consisting of a scaled glass tube with a bulb like glass container at the end. It
works on the principle that liquids expand on getting heated. However a disadvantage of these
thermometers is that they can measure temperature only up to certain extent. Also the
thermometers are based on the expansion of matter with rise in temperature and the readings
were made from the scale readings. This often leads to erroneous result. Also in case of the tube
breaking accidently or deliberately, the leaked out mercury can be very dangerous. Hence these
thermometers have to be very carefully handled. Also mercury has low freezing point and cannot
be used at places with low ambient temperature. (2) Bimetallic Thermometers: These
thermometers consist of two metals joined together and as these metals get heated, they get
expanded at different rates causing the bending of either of the metal. This bimetallic strip is
attached to a dial with calibrated temperature scale to indicate the readings. These thermometers
can be connected to a switch on other end and the change in temperature can cause the switch to
open and close. These thermometers can be used to control the temperature. They can be
installed inside a refrigerator or an oven. However these systems are also easily prone to
breakage. The calibration is not accurate and can change easily. Also these thermometers cannot
be used at low temperatures.
Having read the above written stuff, you must have by now had an idea about thermometers and
the need to shift to a different approach to thermometers. In both the above two kinds of
thermometers, the major problem lies in the principle and in the display technique used. Thus a
basic solution is in replacing the whole principle and the display method.
Defining Digital Thermometer; it consists of a thermister to sense the temperature and an
electronic display of the temperature. Digital thermometers are used orally, rectally or under the
arm. It can read temperature from 94⁰F to 105⁰F. (by Tarun Agarwal,
https://www.elprocus.com)
A highly accurate low-cost electronic thermometer with digital readout, intended primarily for
clinical use. Temperature sensing is accomplished by a thermistor in a probe assembly which
includes a unique disposable probe cover which provides excellent thermal contact with the
thermistor to a measuring circuit which includes a bridge and a rebalancing servo. Digital
readout is accomplished by a coding disc driven by the servo and pickoff brushes. The coding
pattern on the disc provides analog to digital conversion, compensation for the inherent
nonlinearities of the thermistor, and a nonvolatile memory. Means are provided for operating the
thermometer in an estimation mode to give readings more quickly than would be otherwise
permitted by the thermal response of the probe. In estimation mode, measurement is terminated
at a predetermined point in the measurement cycle, and a special calibration of the measurement
circuit is used to give an estimate of what the final temperature would be.
(https://patents.google.com , Roger A. West Winston Dale Ream)
A primarily clinical trial has been undertaken to investigate and compare the use of mercury and
digital thermometers in a ward situation. Both laboratory and clinical studies show that there is
no significant difference in the average accuracy of the two types of thermometers, however
there is a greater fluctuation of readings of temperature when using electronic thermometers. In
clinical studies between 9 and 23% of repeated measurements using an electronic thermometer
differ by 0.5°C or more whilst the corresponding range for mercury thermometers is 0‐6%. It is
also shown that when making clinical measurements with mercury thermometers there is no
clinical advantage in using a measurement time longer than 3 minutes.
(https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com, Sian Pugh Davies RON RM John Y. Kassab BSC PhD
FSS Abigail J. Thrush BSc MSc Peter H. S. Smith BA DPhil Chief, First
published: September 2013)
Metrology is the science of measurement, embracing experimental and theoretical
determinations at any level of uncertainty in any field of science and technology. Believe it or
not, the metrology of temperature measurement is complex.
It is actually quite difficult to measure things accurately, yet most people just assume that
information they are given is “spot on”. A significant number of scientists and mathematicians
also do not seem to realize how the data they are working with is often not very accurate. Over
the years as part of my job I have read dozens of papers based on pressure and temperature
records where no reference is made to the instruments used to acquire the data, or their
calibration history. The result is that many scientists frequently reach incorrect conclusions about
their experiments and data because they do not take into account the accuracy and resolution
of their data. (It seems this is especially true in the area of climatology.)
25 years ago, very accurate mercury thermometers used in labs (0.01c resolution) had a
calibration chart/graph with them to convert observed temperature on the thermometer scale to
actual temperature. Temperature cycles in the glass bulb of a thermometer harden the glass and
shrink over time, a 10 year old -20 to +50c thermometer will give a false high reading of around
0.7c
Electronic temperature sensors have been used more and more in the last 20 years for measuring
environmental temperature. These also have their own resolution and accuracy problems.
Electronic sensors suffer from drift and hysteresis and must be calibrated annually to be accurate,
yet most weather station temp sensors are NEVER calibrated after they have been installed. Drift
is where the recorder temp increases steadily or decreases steadily, even when the real temp is
static and is a fundamental characteristic of all electronic devices.
Drift, is where a recording error gradually gets larger and larger over time- this is a quantum
mechanics effect in the metal parts of the temperature sensor that cannot be compensated for
typical drift of a -100c to+100c electronic thermometer is about 1c per year and the sensor must
be recalibrated annually to fix this error.
Hysteresis is a common problem as well- this is where increasing temperature has
a different mechanical effect on the thermometer compared to decreasing temperature, so for
example if the ambient temperature increases by 1.05c, the thermometer reads an increase on 1c,
but when the ambient temperature drops by 1.05c, the same thermometer records a drop of 1.1c.
(https://wattsupwiththat.com , Anthony Watts / January 22, 2011 Hanksville, UT
USHCN climate monitoring station)
Do you think you someone in your household might have a fever? An accurate thermometer is
the only way to be sure. Today’s digital thermometers are fast, easy to use, and safer than
traditional mercury thermometers.
Although most thermometers are still designed for oral, rectal or underarm use, there’s also a
growing market of “smart” thermometers that can sync with your smartphone and infrared
thermometers that can take a temperature from the forehead or ear.
What the best digital thermometer has: Accurate temperature readings. No matter what other
features it has, a thermometer that doesn’t give accurate temperature readings is useless.
Quick results. With most digital thermometers, you or your sick child have to sit quiet and
motionless until the reading is complete. Having a fast thermometer makes it easier to get
through the process without repeated do-overs because you moved or let the device slip out of
place. The best digital thermometers offer readings in 10 seconds or less.
Convenient testing locations. The ideal testing location (rectal, oral, underarm/maxillary or
forehead/temporal) depends primarily on the age and disposition of the patient. For children age
three and under, rectal temperatures are still generally said to be the most accurate.
A beeper and backlit display. Sometimes it’s easier to take a temperature in the dark, either to
avoid waking someone else in the room or to avoid further disturbing a cranky, tired child. A
backlit display and a beep-when-done feature both make the whole process a little more
foolproof.
Memory to store prior readings. Many digital thermometers have an internal memory that stores
anywhere from one to thirty previous temperature readings. This eliminates the need to
immediately document temperatures taken in the middle of the night or the early morning, and
also lets you go back and double-check to make sure you’ve recorded things correctly.
Long battery life. Whether your digital thermometer uses a button cell battery or standard
alkaline batteries, the longer its battery life, the less time you’ll spend fumbling to change
batteries in the dark. (http://dyingandgrief.com Laurie Michelle
Posted on 2016-07-11)
Digital Thermometers can accurately the temperature figure out and measure, digital display, not
a pointer or mercury display. Based on the temperature along with the temperature of distinct
substances in unique places, divided into kerosene thermometer, alcohol thermometer, mercury
thermometer, gas thermometer, resistance thermometer, thermocouple thermometer, radiation
thermometer, and light measurement thermometer, bimetallic thermometer. Is usually classified
according to the shape of a hand-held digital thermometer, tray-loading, and medical and so the
smaller size. A Digital thermometer is much easier to read than glass thermometer, it can for you
and your loved ones quickly and convenient. Digital thermometer can measure your body
temperature speedily, and can ensure accuracy for your wellness and your family’s health in real-
time monitoring. A versatile, professional-quality instrument, it can once again guarantee the
accuracy of the ear or forehead use far more convenient. A Digital thermometer has a wide range
of applications, is often used to measure gas, liquid and solid temperature. In many fields it to
appear, such as hospitals and schools. Digital probe thermometer, there are two general types:
thermocouple digital thermometer and thermistor digital thermometer. (https://-
closetsamples.com)
Local Studies
It’s a shimmery, shiny substance that seems to have a mind of its own when held between one’s
fingers. In the Philippines, it is commonly found in thermometers that are widely used in
hospitals to check on patients’ temperatures or are sold over the counter for household use. Other
medical devices, in fact, still use elemental or metallic mercury — even if this is a known toxic
substance that can be absorbed by the skin and can easily penetrate biological membranes,
including the blood-brain barrier. When inhaled, mercury vapors can cause neurological and
behavioral disorders, and sometimes can lead to death. Even at low doses, these vapors can have
harmful effects on the kidneys, and the digestive, respiratory, and immune systems. The
Philippine healthcare system has been slow to respond to the concerns raised over the continued
use of mercury in medical equipment, including the lowly thermometer. Yet even foreign
observers say the country has finally stirred into action regarding the use of the toxic substance
in health devices
Indeed, in its latest report on global mercury reduction, the international organization Health
Care Without Harm (HCWH) cites the Philippine experience as a model in switching to
alternatives and creating policy solutions. This is even though the Department of Health (DOH)
has yet to release a much awaited administrative order (AO) that outlines what needs to be done
to reduce the presence — and use — of mercury in the healthcare system. (Mira S.
Mendoza, DECEMBER 31ST, 2007, http://pcij.org)
There is a current movement for the elimination of all mercury-containing medical devices,
initiated by the World Health Organization,” explains Dr. Santiago. “The Philippines is the first
country in Southeast Asia to take the No Mercury in Health Care pledge—which includes
thermometers.” When breakage occurs and even during disposal, mercury exposure can be toxic
to the organs. Digital thermometers are therefore recommended.
Aileen Puno, M.D., a US-based pediatrician and a member of the American Academy of
Pediatrics, says your child’s age can be a helpful guide on deciding which type of thermometer
to use as well as what method to take.
“For babies up to 3 months, you’ll get the most reliable reading using a digital thermometer to
take a rectal temperature,” she says. “Electronic ear thermometers aren’t recommended for
infants because of their tiny ear canals. For children 3 months to 4 years old, either a digital
thermometer or an electronic ear thermometer may be used,” she says. “For children 4 years or
older, a digital thermometer can be used to take an oral temperature—if your child is ready for
it.” Children with frequent coughs or those who breathe through their mouths (due to stuffy
noses) may not be able to keep their mouths closed long enough for an accurate reading. “In
these cases, you may use an electronic ear thermometer or use the axillary method (under the
arm) using a digital thermometer. (by Chinggay Labrador, Jan 29, 2010; Sources: Valerie
Santiago, M.D., pediatric consultant, Bernardino General Hospital, Novaliches, Quezon
City; diplomate, Philippine Pediatric Society, Aileen Puno, M.D., websites:
www.kidshealth.org ; Nelson’s Pediatrics; pedsinreview.org)
Thermometers that use mercury, a toxic liquid metal, are expected to be phased out from both
public and private hospitals by 2010. But in the meantime the Department of Environment and
Natural Resources (DENR) should find safe storage for disposed thermometers.
The Committee on Mercury Phase-out is chaired by Dr. Edwin Sanchez, with engineer Elmer
Benedicto as vice chairman.
"Actually, mercury as an element can't be disposed," Sanchez told reporters at the conference.
"So we need a safe storage for mercury thermometers until such time that we find a technology
wherein they can be disposed safely."
Even in the United States and Europe, there is still no way to safely dispose of mercury
thermometers, according to Sanchez. The Philippine Heart Center is now 100-percent free of
mercury thermometers, and almost all government hospitals in Metro Manila have started
complying with the order, according to Lozada. Public hospitals in the other regions, meanwhile,
are still using their available stocks of mercury thermometers while waiting for their funding.
(GMANews.TV, Published February 12, 2009)

CHAPTER 3
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research Design
This study is innovating an upgraded Digital Thermometer for easier in determining the
result of the body temperature. This descriptive study used survey questionnaire and collect data
from the selected respondent.
Respondents
The selected respondents in this research are in severely (70) students from differrent
Colleges of Eulogio “Amang” Rodriguez Institute of Science and Technology such as College of
Engineering (CEN), College of Industrial Technology (CIT), College of Arts and Sciences
(CAS) in the first semester of the academic year 2018-2019.
Research Instrument and Data Gathering
The researcher used the survey questionnaire to gather data from 70 respondents from
selected students in the College of Engineering, College of Industrial Technology and College of
Arts of Sciences.
Statistical Statement
The analysis and interpretation of data gathered the satatistical treatment used.
Percentage – this was used to determine the personal profile and the frequency of the answers of
the respondents, in terms of the survey questionnaires.
P = F/N(100)
Which is:
P – Percentage
F – Frequency of tallied score
N – Total number of sample group

Table 1
Protection of Digital 5 4 3 2 1
Thermometer Strongly Slightly Agree Agree Slightly Disagree
Innovation with Agree Disagree
Alarm
No mercury spillage IIIII-IIIII- IIIII-IIIII-IIIII- IIIII-IIIII- IIIII- III
in case of breakage IIIII-IIIII- IIII IIIII-IIII
IIII
Don’t break easily IIIII-IIIII- IIIII-IIIII-IIIII- IIIII-IIIII- IIII III
IIIII-IIIII IIIII-III IIIII-IIIII-
Eliminates the risk of IIIII-IIIII- IIIII-IIIII-IIIII- IIIII-IIIII- III IIII
mercury IIIII-IIIII-I IIIII-IIIII-
IIIII-II
Specialized batteries IIIII-IIIII- IIIII-IIIII-IIIII- IIIII-IIIII- IIII III
IIII IIIII-IIIII-III IIIII-IIIII-I
Don’t harm IIIII-IIIII- IIIII-IIIII-IIIII- IIIII-IIIII- IIIII-I III
environment IIIII-IIIII- II IIIII-I
IIIIII-III
Table 2
Prevention of Digital 5 4 3 2 1
Thermometer Strongly Slightly Agree Slightly Disagree
Innovation with Alarm Agree Agree Disagree
Prevent using mercury IIIII-IIIII- IIIII-IIIII- IIIII-IIIII- IIIII-II I
glass thermometer IIIII-IIIII- IIIII-IIII IIIII-I
IIIII-II
Prevent toxic substance IIIII-IIIII- IIIII-IIIII- IIIII-IIIII-I IIIII I
that can absorbed by IIIII-IIIII- IIIII-IIIII-
skin IIII IIIII-IIII
Quick result can prevent IIIII-IIIII- IIIII-IIIII- IIIII-IIIII- IIIII- II
high fever IIIII-IIIII-I IIIII-IIIII-IIII IIIII-III
Prevent environmental IIIII-IIIII- IIIII-IIIII- IIIII-IIIII- IIII II
hazards IIIII-IIIII- IIIII-IIIII-II IIIII-III
IIII
Prevent long waiting IIIII-IIIII- IIIII-IIIII- IIIII-IIIII- III III
result IIIII-IIIII-II IIIII-IIIII-I IIIII-IIIII-I

Table 3
Problem Encountered 5 4 3 2 1
of Digital Strongly Slightly Agree Slightly Disagree
Thermometer Agree Agree Disagree
Accuracy Problem IIIII- IIIII-IIIII- IIIII-IIIII- IIIII-III IIII
IIIII-IIIII-III IIIII-IIIII-
IIIII-IIIII-
Malfunctioning IIIII-IIII IIIII-IIIII- IIIII-IIIII- IIIII-II IIIII-I
IIIII
Often complex of parts IIIII-IIIII-I IIIII-IIIII- IIIII-IIIII- IIIII-II IIIII
IIIII-IIIII- IIIII-II
IIIII-IIIII-
Quite Expensive IIIII-IIIII-III IIIII-IIIII- IIIII-IIIII- IIII IIIII-I
IIII
Electronic sensor suffer IIIII-IIIII- IIIII-IIIII- IIIII-IIIII- IIIII-I IIII
from drift and hysteresis IIIII IIIII-IIIII-IIII IIIII-IIIII-I

Table 4
Benefits of the 5 4 3 2 1
Digital Thermometer Strongly Agree Slightly Agree Slightly Disagree
Innovation with Agree Disagree
Alarm
Easier to read the IIIII-IIIII-IIIII- IIIII-IIIII- IIIII-IIIII- II IIII
temperature IIIII-IIIII-IIIII-II IIIII-III IIII
Easy to carry IIIII-IIIII-IIIII- IIIII-IIIII- IIIII-IIIII- III II
IIIII-IIIII-IIIII- IIIII-III II
IIIII
Easy to use IIIII-IIIII-IIIII- IIIII-IIIII- IIIII-IIII IIIII III
IIIII-IIIII-IIIII- IIIII-III
IIIII
Realize measurement IIIII-IIIII-IIIII- IIIII-IIIII- IIIII-IIIII- IIIII-III II
within short time IIIII-IIIII-IIIII- IIIII-II III
Easy to determine IIIII-IIIII-IIIII- IIIII-IIIII- IIIII-IIIII IIIII II
body temperature IIIII-IIIII-IIIII- IIIII
IIIII-III
Table 5
Uses of Digital 5 4 3 2 1
Thermometer Strongly Slightly Agree Slightly Disagree
Innovation with Alarm Agree Agree Disagree
Check and monitor IIIII-IIIII- IIIII-IIIII- IIIII-IIIII- IIII IIII
body temperature IIIII-IIIII- IIIII-IIII IIII
IIIII-IIII
Determine the IIIII-IIIII- IIIII-IIIII- IIIII-II IIIII-I I
temperature through IIIII-IIIII- IIIII-IIIII-
alarm IIIII-I IIIII-IIIII
Household use IIIII-IIIII- IIIII-IIIII- IIIII-IIIII- I IIII
IIIII-IIIII-IIII IIIII-IIIII-III IIIII-III
Memory to store prior IIIII-IIIII- IIIII-IIIII- IIIII-IIIII- IIII
readings IIIII-IIIII-II IIIII-IIIII- IIIII-IIII
IIIII
Suitable to all ages IIIII-IIIII- IIIII-IIIII- IIIII-II III II
IIIII-IIIII- IIIII-IIIII-II
IIIII-IIIII-
IIIII-I
TABLE 1
Protection of 5 4 3 2 1
Digital Strongly Slightly Agree Slightly Disagree
Innovation
with Alarm
F % F % F % F % F %
No mercury 24 34.28% 19 27.14% 19 27.14% 5 7.14% 3 4.28%
spillage in case
of breakage
Don’t break 20 28.57% 23 32.85% 20 28.57% 4 5.71% 3 4.28%
easily
Eliminates the 21 30.00% 15 21.42% 27 38.57% 3 4.28% 4 5.71%
risk of mercury
Specialized 14 20.0% 28 40.0% 21 30.0% 4 5.71% 3 4.28%
batteries
Don’t harm 28 40.0% 17 24.28% 16 22.85% 6 8.57% 3 4.28%
environment
Prevention of 5 4 3 2 1
Innovation with
Alarm
TABLE 2
F % F % F % F % F %
Prevent using 27 38.57% 19 27.14% 16 22.85% 7 10.0% 1 1.42%
Problem 5 4 3 2 1
mercury glass
Encountered of Strongly Slightly Agree Slightly Disagree
Digital
thermometer Agree Agree Disagree
Thermometer
Prevent toxic
Innovation with 24 34.28% 29 41.42% 11 15.71% 5 7.14% 1 1.42%
substance that
can be absorbed
by skin
Quick result can 21 30.0% 24 34.28% 18 25.71% 5 7.14% 2 2.85%
prevent high
fever
Prevent 24 34.28% 22 31.42% 18 25.71% 4 5.71% 2 2.85%
environmental
hazard
Prevent long 22 31.42% 21 30.0% 21 30.0% 3 4.28% 3 4.28%
waiting result
TABLE 3
Alarm
F % F % F % F % F %
Accuracy
BenefitsProblem
of the 5 57.14% 23 432.85% 30 42.85%
3 8 11.42%
2 4 5.71%
1
Malfunctioning 9 12.85% 23 32.85% 25 35.71% 7 10.0% 6 8.57%
Innovation with
OftenAlarm
complex of 11 15.71% 30 42.85% 17 24.28% 7 10.0% 5 7.14%
F % F % F % F % F %
parts
Quite Expensive 13 18.57% 23 32.85% 24 34.28% 4 5.71% 6 8.57%
Electronic sensor 15 21.42% 24 34.28% 21 30.0% 6 8.57% 4 5.71%
suffer from drift
and hysteresis
TABLE 4
Easier to read the 32 45.71% 18 25.71% 14 20.0% 2 2.85% 4 5.71%
temperature
Uses of Digital 5 4 3 2 1
Thermometer
Easy to carry 35Strongly
50.0% 18Slightly
25.71% 12 Agree
17.14% 3 Slightly
4.28% 2Disagree
2.85%
Innovation with Agree Agree Disagree
Alarm
F % F % F % F % F %
Easy to use 35 50.0% 18 25.71% 9 12.85% 5 7.14% 3 4.28%
Realize 30 42.85% 17 24.28% 13 18.57% 8 11.42% 2 2.85%
measurement
within a short time
Easy to determine 38 54.28% 15 21.42% 10 14.28% 5 7.14% 2 2.85%
body temperature
TABLE 5
Check and 29 41.42% 19 27.14% 14 20.0% 4 5.71% 4 5.71%
monitor body
temperature
Determine 26 37.14% 30 42.85% 7 10.0% 6 8.57% 1 1.42%
temperature
through alarm
Household use 24 34.28% 23 32.85% 18 25.71% 1 1.42% 4 5.71%
Memory to store 22 31.42% 25 35.71% 19 27.14% 4 5.71% 0 0%
prior readings
Suitable to all ages 36 51.42% 22 31.42% 7 10.0% 3 4.28% 2 2.85%

Interpretation of Table 1
Table 1 shows the percentage and frequency of tallied score on how the respondents respond to
the question Protection of the Digital Thermometer Innovation with Alarm. The question has five
(5) choices and the respondents’ rate them one (1) to five (5) which is one (1) is the lowest and
five (5) is the highest.
In choice number one says that no mercury spillage in case of breakage, 34.28% strongly agree,
27.14% slightly agree and agree, 7.14% slightly disagree, and 4.28% disagree.
In choice number two which is don’t break easily, most of the respondents’ rate 40.0% slightly
disagree, strongly agree and agree has the same percentage that has 28.57% of the respondents’
rate. 5.71% slightly disagree and 4.28% disagree.
For choice number three which is eliminates the risk of mercury, 38.57% agree, 30% strongly
agree, 21.42% slightly agree, 5.71% disagree and 4.28% slightly disagree.
For choice number four which is specialized batteries, 40% of the respondents’ slightly agree,
30% agree, 20.0% strongly agree, 5.71% slightly disagree, and 4.28% disagree and got the
lowest rate.
For choice number five is don’t harm environment, 40% strongly agree, 24.28% slightly agree,
22.85% agree, 8.57% slightly disagree, and 4.28% slightly disagree.

Table 2 shows the percentage and frequency of tallied score on how the respondents’ rate the
question of Prevention of Digital Thermometer Innovation with Alarm. The questions also have
five (5) choices and the rate is the same as the interpretation of table 1.
For the first choice in this question which is prevent using mercury glass thermometer, 38.57%
of the respondents’ strongly agree, 27.14% slightly agree, 22.85% agree, 10% slightly disagree,
and 1.42% disagree.
In choice number two which is prevent toxic substance that can be absorbed by skin, 41.42%
slightly agree, 34.28% strongly agree, 15.71% agree, 7.14% slightly disagree and 1.42%
disagree.
In choice number three which is quick result can prevent high fever, most of the respondents’
rate slightly disagree and got 34.28%, while 30% strongly agree, 25.71% agree, 7.14% slightly
disagree and the lowest rate is disagree with 2. 85%.
For choice number four is prevent environmental hazard, 34.28% strongly agree, 31.42% slightly
agree, 25.71% agree, 5.71 slightly disagree, and 2.85% disagree in this choice.
For the fifth and last choice is prevent long waiting result, 31.42% of the respondents’ strongly
agree, while slightly agree and agree got the same rate with 30%. Respondents’ also rate slightly
disagree and agree the same with the percentage of 4.28%.

Table 3 show the interpretation of the question Problem Encountered of Digital Thermometer
Innovation with Alarm. It also show the percentage and frequency of tallied score of the five
choices in this question.
The first choice is the accuracy problem in which the respondents’ rate agree the most with
42.85% and then, slightly agree with 32.85%, slightly disagree with 11.42%, strongly agree with
7.14% and the lowest is disagree with 5.71% of respondents’ rate.
Second choice is malfunctioning with 35.71% of the respondents’ rate agree, 32.85% slightly
disagree, 12.85% strongly agree, 10% slightly disagree, and 8.57% disagree.
For the third choice which is often complex of parts, 42.85% slightly agree, 24.28% agree, 15.71
strongly agree, 10% slightly disagree, and the lowest rate is 7.14% which is disagree.
For the fourth choice which is quite expensive, 34.28% says that they are agree, 32.85% of
respondents’ slightly agree, 18.57% strongly agree, 8.57% disagree, and 5.71% of the
respondents’ slightly disagree.
And for the last choice which is electronic sensor suffer from drift and hysteresis, the
respondents’ mostly rate slightly agree for this question with 34.28% of the percentage, 30% rate
agree, 21.42% rate strongly agree, 8.57% rate slightly disagree, and the lowest rate of the
respondents’ is disagree with 5.71% of the percentage.

Table 4 shows the interpretation of the question Benefits of the Digital Thermometer Innovation
with Alarm with five choices for the respondents’ to rate. It also shows the percentage and
frequency of tallied score in each choices of the question.
In choice number 1 is easier to read the temperature, the respondents’ rate the highest is 45.71%
strongly agree, 25.71% slightly agree, 20% agree, 5.71% disagree, and the lowest is 2.85%
slightly disagree.
In choice number 2 is easy to carry, the respondents’ rate the highest is 50% strongly agree,
25.71% slightly agree, 17.14% agree, 4.28 slightly disagree, and the lowest is 2.85% disagree.
In choice number 3 is easy to use, the respondents’ rate the highest is 50% strongly agree,
25.71% slightly agree, 12.85% agree, 7.14% slightly disagree and the lowest is 4.28% disagree.
In choice number 4 is realize the measurement within a short time, the respondents’ rate the
highest is 42.85% strongly agree, 24.28% slightly agree, 18.57% agree, 11.42% slightly disagree
and the lowest is 2.85% disagree.
For the choice number 5 is easy to determine the body temperature, the respondents’ rate highest
is 54.28% strongly agree, 21.42% slightly agree, 14.28% agree, 7.14% slightly disagree, and the
lowest rate is 2.85% disagree.

Table 5 shows the percentage and frequency of tallied score of each choices in the question Uses
of the Digital Thermometer Innovation with Alarm. The respondents’ rate each choices from 1 to
5, which is 5 is highest and 1 is the lowest.
For choice number 1 which is check and monitor body temperature, 41.42% rate strongly agree,
27.14% rate slightly agree, 20% agree and 5.71% rate slightly disagree and disagree.
In choice number 2 is determine the temperature through alarm, the highest rate is 42.85% which
is slightly agree, 37.14% strongly agree, 10% agree, 8.57% slightly disagree and 1.42% rate
disagree.
In choice number 3 is household use, strongly agree has the highest rate with 34.28%, while
slightly agree with 32.85%, agree with 25.71%, disagree with 5.71%, and the lowest rate is
1.42% which is slightly disagree
For the choice number 4 which is memory to store prior readings, the highest rate is 35.71%
which is slightly agree, 31.42% strongly agree, 27.14% agree, 5.71%slighlty disagree while zero
for disagree..
For the last choice which is suitable to all ages, the respondents’ rate the highest is 51.42%
strongly agree, 31.42% slightly agree, 10% agree, 4.28% slightly disagree and the lowest rate is
2.85% disagree.
CHAPTER 4
TABLE 1
PROTECTION OF DIGITAL THERMOMETER INNOVATION

WITH ALARM CHOICE NUMBER 1: NO MERCURY
SPILLAGE IN CASE OF BREAKAGE
Strongly Agree Slightly Agree Agree Slightly Disagree Disagree
4.28%
7.14%
34.28%
27.14%
27.14%
Protection of Digital Thermometer Innovation with Alarm

choice number 1: No mercury spillage in case of breakage
40.00%
35.00%
30.00%
25.00%
20.00%
34.28%
15.00%
27.14% 27.14%
10.00%
5.00%
7.14%
4.28%
0.00%

WITH ALARM CHOICE NUMBER 2: DON'T BREAK EASILY
4.28%
5.71%
28.57%
28.57%
33%

choice number 2: Don't break easily
35.00%
30.00%
25.00%
20.00%
33%
15.00% 28.57% 28.57%
10.00%
5.00%
5.71% 4.28%
0.00%

WITH ALARM CHOICE NUMBER 3: ELIMINATES THE
RISK OF MERCURY
5.71%
4.28%
30%
38.57%
21.42%

WITH ALARM CHOICE NUMBER 3: ELIMINATES THE
RISK OF MERCURY
45%
40%
35%
30%
25%
20% 38.57%
15% 30%
10% 21.42%
5%
4.28% 5.71%
0%

WITH ALARM CHOICE NUMBER 4: SPECIALIZED
BATTERIES
4.28%
5.71%
20.00%
30.00%
40%

choice number 4: Specialized batteries
45.00%
40.00%
35.00%
30.00%
25.00%
20.00% 40%
15.00% 30.00%
10.00% 20.00%
5.00%
5.71% 4.28%
0.00%

WITH ALARM CHOICE NUMBER 5: DON'T HARM
ENVIRONMENT
4.28%
8.57%
40%
22.85%
24.28%

choice number 5: Don't harm environment
45%
40%
35%
30%
25%
20% 40%
15%
24.28% 22.85%
10%
5% 8.57%
4.28%
0%
TABLE 2
PREVENTION OF DIGITAL THERMOMETER

INNOVATION WITH ALARM CHOICE NUMBER
1: PREVENT USING MERCURY GLASS
THERMOMETER
1.42%
10%
38.57%
22.85%
27.14%
Prevenion of Digital Thermometer Innovation with Alarm

choice number 1: Prevent using mercury glass
thermometer
45.00%
40.00%
35.00%
30.00%
25.00%
20.00% 38.57%
15.00%
27.14%
10.00%
22.85%
5.00% 10%
0.00% 1.42%

INNOVATION WITH ALARM CHOICE NUMBER 2:
PREVENT TOXIC SUBSTANCE THAT CAN BE
ABSORBED BY SKIN
7.14% 1.42%
15.71% 34.28%
41.42%
PREVENTION OF DIGITAL THERMOMETER INNOVATION

WITH ALARM CHOICE NUMBER 2: PREVENT TOXIC
SUBSTANCE THAT CAN BE ABSORBED BY SKIN
45.00%
40.00%
35.00%
30.00%
25.00%
20.00% 41.42%
34.28%
15.00%
10.00%
15.71%
5.00%
7.14%
0.00% 1.42%

WITH ALARM CHOICE NUMBER 3: QUICK RESULT CAN
PREVENT HIGH FEVER
2.85%
7.14%
30%
25.71%
34.28%

WITH ALARM CHOICE NUMBER 3: QUICK RESULT CAN
PREVENT HIGH FEVER
40%
35%
30%
25%
20%
34.28%
15% 30%
25.71%
10%
5%
7.14%
2.85%
0%

PREVENT ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD
5.71% 2.85%
34.28%
25.71%
31.42%

PREVENT ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD
40.00%
35.00%
30.00%
25.00%
20.00%
34.28%
15.00% 31.42%
25.71%
10.00%
5.00%
5.71%
2.85%
0.00%

PREVENT LONG WAITING RESULT
4.28%
4.28%
31.42%
30%
30%

PREVENT LONG WAITING RESULT
35.00%
30.00%
25.00%
20.00%
15.00% 31.42% 30% 30%
10.00%
5.00%
4.28% 4.28%
0.00%
TABLE 3
PROBLEM ENCOUNTERED OF DIGITAL

THERMOMETER INNOVATION WITH ALARM CHOICE
NUMBER 1: ACCURACY PROBLEM
5.71% 7.14%
11.42%
32.85%
42.85%

THERMOMETER INNOVATION WITH ALARM CHOICE
NUMBER 1: ACCURACY PROBLEM
45.00%
40.00%
35.00%
30.00%
25.00%
42.85%
20.00%
32.85%
15.00%
10.00%
5.00% 11.42%
7.14% 5.71%
0.00%

THERMOMETER WITH ALARM CHOICE NUMBER 2:
MALFUNCTIONING
8.57% 12.85%
10%
32.85%
35.71%

MALFUNCTIONING
40.00%
35.00%
30.00%
25.00%
20.00%
35.71%
32.85%
15.00%
10.00%
12.85%
5.00% 10% 8.57%
0.00%

OFTEN COMPLEX OF PARTS
7.14%
15.71%
10%
24.28%
42.85%

OFTEN COMPLEX OF PARTS
45.00% 42.85%
40.00%
35.00%
30.00%
24.28%
25.00%
20.00%
15.71%
15.00%
10%
10.00% 7.14%
5.00%
0.00%

QUITE EXPENSIVE
8.57%
18.57%
6%
34.28%
32.85%

QUITE EXPENSIVE
40.00%
35.00%
30.00%
25.00%
20.00%
32.85% 34.28%
15.00%
10.00% 18.57%
5.00% 8.57%
6%
0.00%

ELECTRONIC SENSOR SUFFER FROM DRIFT AND
HYSTERISIS
5.71%
9% 21.42%
30.00%
34.28%

ELECTRONIC SENSOR SUFFER FROM DRIFT AND
HYSTERISIS
40.00%
35.00%
30.00%
25.00%
20.00%
34.28%
15.00% 30.00%
10.00% 21.42%
5.00% 9%
5.71%
0.00%
TABLE 4
BENEFITS OF DIGITAL THERMOMETER INNOVATION

WITH ALARM CHOICE NUMBER 1: EASIER TO READ
THE TEMPERATURE
5.71%
2.85%
20%
45.71%
25.71%

WITH ALARM CHOICE NUMBER 1: EASIER TO READ
THE TEMPERATURE
50.00%
45.00%
40.00%
35.00%
30.00%
25.00%
45.71%
20.00%
15.00%
25.71%
10.00% 20%
5.00%
5.71%
0.00% 2.85%

WITH ALARM CHOICE NUMBER 2: EASY TO CARRY
4.28% 2.85%
17%
50.00%
25.71%

WITH ALARM CHOICE NUMBER 2: EASY TO CARRY
60.00%
50.00%
40.00%
30.00%
50.00%
20.00%
25.71%
10.00%
17%
4.28% 2.85%
0.00%

WITH ALARM CHOICE NUMBER 3: EASY TO USE
5.71%
7.14%
13%
50.00%
25.71%

WITH ALARM CHOICE NUMBER 3: EASY TO USE
60.00%
50.00%
40.00%
30.00%
50.00%
20.00%
25.71%
10.00%
13%
7.14% 5.71%
0.00%

WITH ALARM CHOICE NUMBER 4: REALIZE THE
TEMPERATURE WITHIN A SHORT TIME
2.85%
11.42%
42.85%
19%
24.28%

WITH ALARM CHOICE NUMBER 4: REALIZE THE
TEMPERATURE WITHIN A SHORT TIME
45.00%
40.00%
35.00%
30.00%
25.00%
42.85%
20.00%
15.00%
24.28%
10.00% 19%
5.00% 11.42%
2.85%
0.00%

WITH ALARM CHOICE NUMBER 5: EASY TO
DETERMINE BODY TEMPERATURE
2.85%
7.14%
14%
54.28%
21.42%

WITH ALARM CHOICE NUMBER 5: EASY TO
DETERMINE BODY TEMPERATURE
60.00%
50.00%
40.00%
30.00%
54.28%
20.00%
10.00% 21.42%
14%
7.14%
0.00% 2.85%
TABLE 5
USES OF THE DIGITAL THERMOMETER INNOVATION

WITH ALARM CHOICE NUMBER 1: CHECK AND
MONITOR BODY TEMPERATURE
5.71%
5.71%
20% 41.42%
27.14%

WITH ALARM CHOICE NUMBER 1: CHECK AND
MONITOR BODY TEMPERATURE
45.00%
40.00%
35.00%
30.00%
25.00%
20.00% 41.42%
15.00%
27.14%
10.00% 20%
5.00%
5.71% 5.71%
0.00%

WITH ALARM CHOICE NUMBER 2: DETERMINE
TEMPERATURE THROUGH ALARM
8.57% 1.42%
10%
37.14%
42.85%

WITH ALARM CHOICE NUMBER 2: DETERMINE
TEMPERATURE THROUGH ALARM
45.00% 42.85%
40.00% 37.14%
35.00%
30.00%
25.00%
20.00%
15.00%
10%
10.00% 8.57%
5.00% 1.42%
0.00%

WITH ALARM CHOICE NUMBER 3: HOUSEHOLD USE
5.71%
1.42%
34.28%
26%
32.85%

WITH ALARM CHOICE NUMBER 3: HOUSEHOLD USE
40.00%
35.00%
30.00%
25.00%
20.00%
34.28% 32.85%
15.00%
26%
10.00%
5.00%
5.71%
0.00% 1.42%

WITH ALARM CHOICE NUMBER 4: MEMORY TO
STORE PRIOR READINGS
5.71%0.00%
31.42%
27%
35.71%

WITH ALARM CHOICE NUMBER 4: MEMORY TO
STORE PRIOR READINGS
40.00%
35.00%
30.00%
25.00%
20.00%
35.71%
15.00% 31.42%
27%
10.00%
5.00%
5.71%
0.00% 0.00%

WITH ALARM CHOICE NUMBER 5: SUITABLE TO ALL
AGES
4.28% 2.85%
10%
51.42%
31.42%

WITH ALARM CHOICE NUMBER 5: SUITABLE TO ALL
AGES
60.00%
50.00%
40.00%
30.00%
51.42%
20.00%
31.42%
10.00%
10%
4.28% 2.85%
0.00%
CHAPTER 5
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATION
Today’s generation most of our materials that we use is not safe from chemical and we all know
that it is not safe in our health. That’s the reason why the researchers conducted this study about
this thermometer innovation with alarm. This thermometer innovation with alarm is safe from
the chemical and it is safe to use.
Interpretation Table 1
Table 1 shows the percentage and frequency of tallied score on how the respondents respond to
the question Protection of the Digital Thermometer Innovation with Alarm. The question has five
(5) choices and the respondents’ rate them one (1) to five (5) which is one (1) is the lowest and
five (5) is the highest.
In choice number one says that no mercury spillage in case of breakage, 34.28% strongly agree,
27.14% slightly agree and agree, 7.14% slightly disagree, and 4.28% disagree.
In choice number two which is don’t break easily, most of the respondents’ rate 40.0% slightly
disagree, strongly agree and agree has the same percentage that has 28.57% of the respondents’
rate. 5.71% slightly disagree and 4.28% disagree.

For choice number three which is eliminates the risk of mercury, 38.57% agree, 30% strongly
agree, 21.42% slightly agree, 5.71% disagree and 4.28% slightly disagree.
For choice number four which is specialized batteries, 40% of the respondents’ slightly agree,
30% agree, 20.0% strongly agree, 5.71% slightly disagree, and 4.28% disagree and got the
lowest rate.
For choice number five is don’t harm environment, 40% strongly agree, 24.28% slightly agree,
22.85% agree, 8.57% slightly disagree, and 4.28% slightly disagree.
Table 2 shows the percentage and frequency of tallied score on how the respondents’ rate the
question of Prevention of Digital Thermometer Innovation with Alarm. The questions also have
five (5) choices and the rate is the same as the interpretation of table 1.
For the first choice in this question which is prevent using mercury glass thermometer, 38.57%
of the respondents’ strongly agree, 27.14% slightly agree, 22.85% agree, 10% slightly disagree,
and 1.42% disagree.
In choice number two which is prevent toxic substance that can be absorbed by skin, 41.42%
slightly agree, 34.28% strongly agree, 15.71% agree, 7.14% slightly disagree and 1.42%
disagree.
In choice number three which is quick result can prevent high fever, most of the respondents’
rate slightly disagree and got 34.28%, while 30% strongly agree, 25.71% agree, 7.14% slightly
disagree and the lowest rate is disagree with 2. 85%.
For choice number four is prevent environmental hazard, 34.28% strongly agree, 31.42% slightly
agree, 25.71% agree, 5.71 slightly disagree, and 2.85% disagree in this choice.
For the fifth and last choice is prevent long waiting result, 31.42% of the respondents’ strongly
agree, while slightly agree and agree got the same rate with 30%. Respondents’ also rate slightly
disagree and agree the same with the percentage of 4.28%.
Table 3 show the interpretation of the question Problem Encountered of Digital Thermometer
Innovation with Alarm. It also show the percentage and frequency of tallied score of the five
choices in this question.
The first choice is the accuracy problem in which the respondents’ rate agree the most with
42.85% and then, slightly agree with 32.85%, slightly disagree with 11.42%, strongly agree with
7.14% and the lowest is disagree with 5.71% of respondents’ rate.

Second choice is malfunctioning with 35.71% of the respondents’ rate agree, 32.85% slightly
disagree, 12.85% strongly agree, 10% slightly disagree, and 8.57% disagree.
For the third choice which is often complex of parts, 42.85% slightly agree, 24.28% agree, 15.71
strongly agree, 10% slightly disagree, and the lowest rate is 7.14% which is disagree.
For the fourth choice which is quite expensive, 34.28% says that they are agree, 32.85% of
respondents’ slightly agree, 18.57% strongly agree, 8.57% disagree, and 5.71% of the
respondents’ slightly disagree.
And for the last choice which is electronic sensor suffer from drift and hysteresis, the
respondents’ mostly rate slightly agree for this question with 34.28% of the percentage, 30% rate
agree, 21.42% rate strongly agree, 8.57% rate slightly disagree, and the lowest rate of the
respondents’ is disagree with 5.71% of the percentage.
Table 4 shows the interpretation of the question Benefits of the Digital Thermometer Innovation
with Alarm with five choices for the respondents’ to rate. It also shows the percentage and
frequency of tallied score in each choices of the question.
In choice number 1 is easier to read the temperature, the respondents’ rate the highest is 45.71%
strongly agree, 25.71% slightly agree, 20% agree, 5.71% disagree, and the lowest is 2.85%
slightly disagree.
In choice number 2 is easy to carry, the respondents’ rate the highest is 50% strongly agree,
25.71% slightly agree, 17.14% agree, 4.28 slightly disagree, and the lowest is 2.85% disagree.
In choice number 3 is easy to use, the respondents’ rate the highest is 50% strongly agree,
25.71% slightly agree, 12.85% agree, 7.14% slightly disagree and the lowest is 4.28% disagree.
In choice number 4 is realize the measurement within a short time, the respondents’ rate the
highest is 42.85% strongly agree, 24.28% slightly agree, 18.57% agree, 11.42% slightly disagree
and the lowest is 2.85% disagree.
For the choice number 5 is easy to determine the body temperature, the respondents’ rate highest
is 54.28% strongly agree, 21.42% slightly agree, 14.28% agree, 7.14% slightly disagree, and the
lowest rate is 2.85% disagree.
Table 5 shows the percentage and frequency of tallied score of each choices in the question Uses
of the Digital Thermometer Innovation with Alarm. The respondents’ rate each choices from 1 to
5, which is 5 is highest and 1 is the lowest.
For choice number 1 which is check and monitor body temperature, 41.42% rate strongly agree,
27.14% rate slightly agree, 20% agree and 5.71% rate slightly disagree and disagree.
In choice number 2 is determine the temperature through alarm, the highest rate is 42.85% which
is slightly agree, 37.14% strongly agree, 10% agree, 8.57% slightly disagree and 1.42% rate
disagree.
In choice number 3 is household use, strongly agree has the highest rate with 34.28%, while
slightly agree with 32.85%, agree with 25.71%, disagree with 5.71%, and the lowest rate is
1.42% which is slightly disagree
For the choice number 4 which is memory to store prior readings, the highest rate is 35.71%
which is slightly agree, 31.42% strongly agree, 27.14% agree, 5.71%slighlty disagree while zero
for disagree..
For the last choice which is suitable to all ages, the respondents’ rate the highest is 51.42%
strongly agree, 31.42% slightly agree, 10% agree, 4.28% slightly disagree and the lowest rate is
2.85% disagree.
CONCLUSION
Based on the summary of findings the study that conducted of the researcher is the
following given below.
1.

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Eulogio “AMANG” Rodriguez

Institute of Science and Technology

COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES

Digital Thermometer Innovation with Alarm pg. 1

THE PROBLEM AND BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

thermometers, industrial thermometers, and precision thermometers for experimental and

measuring body temperature.

at home, health center and can be carry easily in different places.

result of the temperature whether it has a fever or not.

COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES

Digital Thermometer Innovation with Alarm pg. 2

Thermometers are widely used in industries to monitor processes, in meteorology, in

agreed scale. Today there is an absolute thermodynamic temperature scale.

Body temperature in children can be measured at a number of anatomical sites using a

COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES

Digital Thermometer Innovation with Alarm pg. 3

young children because of the risks of breakage and mercury spillage.

COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES

Digital Thermometer Innovation with Alarm pg. 4

Statement of the Problem

1. Protection of Digital Thermometer Innovation with Alarm

 No mercury spillage in case of breakage

 Don’t break easily

 Eliminate the risk of mercury

 Don’t harm environment

2. Prevention of Digital Thermometer Innovation with Alarm

 Prevent using mercury glass thermometer

 Prevent toxic substance that can be absorbed by skin

 Quick result can be prevent higher fever

 Prevent environmental hazards

 Prevent long waiting result

3. Problem encountered of Digital Thermometer Innovation with Alarm

 Often complex of parts

 Electronic sensor suffer from drift and hysteresis

COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES

Digital Thermometer Innovation with Alarm pg. 5

4. Benefits of Digital Thermometer Innovation with Alarm

 Easier to read the temperature

 Realize measurement within short time

 Easy to determine body temperature

5. Uses of Digital Thermometer Innovation with Alarm

 Check and monitor body temperature

 Determine the temperature through alarm

 Memory to store prior readings

 Suitable to all ages

COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES

Digital Thermometer Innovation with Alarm pg. 6

composed of Protection, Prevention, Problem Encountered, Benefits and Uses of Digital

Thermometer Innovation with Alarm.

COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES

Digital Thermometer Innovation with Alarm pg. 7

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Innovation with Alarm

2. Prevention of Digital Innovation with Alarm

Innovation with Alarm

of Digital Thermometer Descriptive Method using

Innovation with Alarm Survey Questionnaire

Innovation with Alarm

Innovation with Alarm

COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES

Digital Thermometer Innovation with Alarm pg. 8

Scope and Limitation

Thermometer Innovation with Alarm.

The limitation of this study is to measure body temperature.