St. Joseph College of Novaliches , Inc.

Congressional Road , Rainbow Village 5 Novaliches, Caloocan City

Chapter 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter presents the summary of the salient

features of related literature and studies, which have direct bearing

to the present study. These are presented to conceptually

strengthen the framework of the study.

Literature deals with the readings from magazines,

books, and articles.

Foreign. According to Jan Sheehan (February

18, 2015) Research shows students learn better when they’re well

nourished. Healthy eating has been linked to higher grades, better

memory, more alertness, faster information processing and

improved health leading to better school attendance, according to

registered dietitian Elisa Zied, author of “Feed Your Family Right.”

Conversely, unhealthy eating habits can negatively affect learning.

Researchers have studied a number of areas related to eating and

learning.

According to Perez-Escamilla et al. (2012) there is

strong evidence of the impact of hunger and food insecurity on a

variety of child emotional and behavioral outcomes, the impact of

hunger and food insecurity on educational outcomes varies largely

by child characteristics, outcomes measured, level of food

insecurity, and study design

 According to Dr. Mehmet Oz, MD (2014) If you

don't eat

enough food, your body will respond in many ways, some of them

potentially

harmful. Perceiving that food is scarce, your body will initiate

changes that lower

your need for calories. Your metabolism may slow down and you

may feel tired.

You might feel an urge to binge, especially on sugar-laden foods.

Chronic dieting,

in fact, can lead to an eating disorder. Over time, not eating enough

can also

deprive your body of essential nutrients you need for health.

According to Nancy Clarke(2011) in her

article How Does Eating Healthy Affect Your Grades? Healthy

eating habits have positive effects on everyone, but students can

especially benefit from meeting the particular nutritional demands

of the school day. To excel academically, children and adults

must be physically able to attend class, collaborate with their

peers and focus on the tasks at hand. The mental rigors of math,

language study, reading and creative thinking also require physical

support from food energy and nutrients.

Studies are findings from researches, theses, and

dissertations undertaken by local and foreign news.

Local. According to Roland S. Cartagena of

(DLSAU)(2014)

Schools are the best places to implement solutions to over-

nutrition and obesity since children and young adults spend most of

their time in school and consequently, spend more time eating in

school than at home. Thus, the need for a study to find out the

quality of foods children and young adults eat at school canteens.

This is a descriptive study aimed to assess the nutritional value of

the foods and drinks offered by the three (3) school canteens of De

La Salle Araneta University (DLSAU).

The data of the study were mainly derived from the ocular

field observations of what kind of foods and drinks these three school

canteens offer and what kind of food and drinks students from grade

school, high school, and college buy and eat. The foods and drinks

were categorized into healthy foods and drinks and unhealthy foods

and drinks based from the 2010 Australian dietary guidelines for

children and adolescents and from the 2012 dietary guidelines for

Filipinos. Results of the study showed that most foods and drinks of

the three (3) school canteens were found to be unhealthy with one

canteen serving nearly all unhealthy foods and drinks. Moreover,

most students across all levels buy and eat unhealthy foods and

drinks from these canteens.

 The unhealthy foods and drinks students eat from these

canteens are indicative of the rising trend of obesity in the Philippines

and the global obesity pandemic.

Foreign. Lien(2007) demonstrated, in a large sample of

adolescents aged 15–16 years, that those who never ate breakfast

were twice as likely to have lower self-reported school grades

compared with those who consumed breakfast every day (7

days/week).

Wright and Larsen (2011) also stated

that, “Studies shows that people who take breakfast perform better

at all task, have more energy throughout the day and tend to

weigh less” (p.274).

 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

The Hurdles to a healthier Junior High School of SJCNI.This

leads to the concept of Jan Sheehan (February 18, 2015) which

states that Research shows students learn better when they’re well

nourished. Healthy eating has been linked to higher grades, better

memory, more alertness, faster information processing and

improved health leading to better school attendance, according to

registered dietitian Elisa Zied, author of “Feed Your Family Right.”

Conversely, unhealthy eating habits can negatively affect learning.

Researchers have studied a number of areas related to eating and

learning
 RESEARCH PARADIGM

The following figure shows the flow of the study using

the

CONCEPT – INPUT – PROCESS – PRODUCT

(CIPP) model
CONTEXT
The Hurdles to a Healthier Junior
High School of SJNCI

INPUT PROCESS

1. Respondent’s Profile
2. Provided nutrients for the
respondents Data gathering through:
3. Improving the health of
the respondents that may  Questionnaire
affect their academic
performance
PRODUCT
It may be utilized as a guide for the students to be aware of the
possible hurdles that may affect their academic performance

Figure 1: Paradigm of the Study

 Box 1 is the CONTEXT, which explains on the

idea of determining The Hurdles to a Healthier Junior High School of

SJCNI

Box 2 is the INPUT, which listed all the

variables that are related to The Hurdles to a Healthier Junior High

School of SJCNI

Box 3 is the PROCESS, which presents the

method by using the distributed questionnaires, it serves as the

instrument in gathering data.

Box 4 is the PRODUCT, the researchers will

utilized it as a guide for the students to be aware of the possible

hurdles that may affect their academic performance.