Activity On Diseases of The Circulatory System

ACTIVITY - Group #1
Diseases of the Circulatory System
Directions: Read the following and answer the guide questions below.
Write you answer to the guide questions on a Manila paper.
Congenital Heart, also known as Blue Baby Syndrome. It refers to problem with
the heart's structure and function due to abnormal heart development before birth. It
occurs when the opening between the right and left atria or right and left ventricles
remain open. It is characterized by rapid breathing, Cyanosis (a bluish tint to the skin,
lips, and fingernails), fatigue (tiredness), poor blood circulation, heart murmur, fatigue
with exercise, shortness of breath, buildup of blood and fluid in the lungs, and a
buildup of fluid in the feet, ankles, and leg.
Congenital Heart Disease is hereditary in nature, caused by genetic defects,

and viral infections. It may be treated with procedures using catheters to repair the
defect, surgery to repair the defect, open-heart surgery, and heart transplant.
 Congenital means present at birth.
Heart Attack, also known as a Myocardial Infarction (MI), usually occurs

when a blood clot forms inside a coronary artery at the site of an atherosclerotic
plaque. The blood clot severely limits or completely cuts off blood flow to a part of
the heart. A person suffering from this disease experience pain, fullness, and/or
squeezing sensation of the chest, jaw pain, toothache, headache, shortness of
breath, nausea, vomiting, and/or general epigastric (upper middle abdomen)
discomfort, sweating, heartburn and/or indigestion, arm pain (more commonly the
left arm, but may be either arm, upper back pain, general malaise (vague feeling of
illness)
No symptoms (Approximately one quarter of all heart attacks are silent,

without chest pain or new symptoms. Silent heart attacks are especially common
among patients with Diabetes mellitus.
GUIDE QUESTIONS:
1. What diseases are referred to in the excerpts given?
2. What part of the circulatory system is/are affected by these diseases?
3. Describe the symptoms of the given diseases.
4. What are the causes of the said diseases.
ACTIVITY - Group #2
Cardiomyopathy literally means "heart muscle disease“. It is the weakening

of the function of the myocardium (the actual heart muscle) for any reason. It often
occurs when the heart cannot pump as well as it should, or with other heart
function problems. The most common symptom is chest pain. Severe cases are
associated with heart failure and arrythmias. An echocardiogram is useful to detect
wall motion abnormalities or a pericardial effusion.
Treatment depends on the type of cardiomyopathy. It may include

medication, wearing of a pacemaker to treat a slow heart rate or to help both sides
of your heart. The goal of treatment is often symptom relief, and some patients may
eventually require a heart transplant. Due to the severity of the disease, treatment
requires the use of numerous chemicals and drugs, which have to be taken for the
rest of the patient's life.
Heart Failure, also known as Congestive Heart Failure. In this condition, the
heart muscles weaken and unable to pump enough blood to the body. Congestive
heart failure can be caused by diseases that weaken the heart muscle,
and diseases that cause stiffening of the heart muscles.
GUIDE QUESTIONS:
ACTIVITY - Group #3
Varicose veins develop most commonly in the legs, but also occur in the anus
(hemorrhoids), esophagus, and testes in males (varicocele). It is characterized by
aching, heavy legs (often worse at night and after exercise), ankle swelling, a
brownish-blue shiny skin discoloration around the veins, skin over the vein may
become dry, itchy and thin, leading to eczema (venous eczema). The skin may
darken (stasis dermatitis), because of the waste products building up in the legs, and
minor injuries to the area may bleed more than normal and/or take a long time to
heal.
Varicose veins are caused by long hours of standing and walking. The veins of
people suffering from it get little dilated than necessary because of the higher
pressure of blood in these veins. In the case of ladies, irregular menses, pregnancy or
repeated delivery as well as very quick deliveries, and miscarriages, including the
menopause time, it is very much possible that the varicose veins may result. It may be
treated with Varicose vein surgery, which involves removing the affected superficial
veins, the most common is called ligation and stripping. Non-surgical treatment for
varicose veins, elevating the legs provides relief in varicose veins.
Aneurysm, is a condition wherein the aorta and the artery within the skull
bulge during an increased blood pressure. As the aneurysm grows there is a greater
risk of rupture - this can lead to severe hemorrhage, and other complications,
including sudden death.
Clipping is the most common way to repair an aneurysm. this is done during
open brain surgery. Endovascular repair, most often using a "coil" or coiling, is a less
invasive way to treat some aneurysms.
GUIDE QUESTIONS:
ACTIVITY - Group #4
Hypertension, is also known as high blood pressure. It is called high blood

pressure because the blood pressure when measured is higher than the normal.
It develops when the body’s blood vessel narrow, causing the heart to pump
harder than the normal to push blood through the narrowed openings.
Atherosclerosis, develop when arteries thicken, lose elasticity, and fill up with
cholesterol and lipids. As the arterial walls harden, the heart has to pump harder
and against a greater resistance to enable that the arterial blood reaches all the
peripheral organs.
Stroke, also known as Cerebrovascular damage. It is caused by the lack of

blood flow to the brain due to the clotting of blood in one of the arteries of the brain
or the rupture of an artery wall in the brain with the accompanying escape of the
blood into the brain tissue. This is characterized by sudden numbness or weakness
of the face, arm or leg, especially on one side of the body. The loss of voluntary
movement and/or sensation may be complete or partial. There may an associated
tingling sensation in the affected area. Symptoms include sudden confusion or
trouble speaking or understanding, sometimes weakness in the muscles of the face
can cause drooling, trouble seeing in one or both eyes, trouble walking, dizziness,
loss of balance or coordination, and severe headache with no known cause.
GUIDE QUESTIONS:
ACTIVITY - Group #5
An abnormally low number of red blood cells or low levels of hemoglobin

characterize Anemia. There are three (3) types of anemia namely:
Iron- deficiency anemia – occurs because the marrow fails to produce sufficient red
blood cells, Aplastic Anemia – is due to the inadequate production of blood cells in
the bone marrow, and Sickle-cell anemia- is a genetic disorder. It is cause by a
defective gene that produces an abnormal form of hemoglobin.
Leukemia, is a disease developed when there is an excessive production of

white blood cells. Symptoms include bleeding gums, fatigue and breathlessness,
night sweats, weight loss, bone pain, bruising, blood in stools, itching, persistent
infection, and fever, even when infection cannot be identified.
Leukemia can be treated with Chemotherapy, such as:

 Consolidation therapy
 Maintenance therapy
Hemophilia, is a hereditary blood disease characterized by the inability of

blood to clot leading to hemorrhage or uncontrolled bleeding. This results from
insufficient or lack of blood proteins , called clotting factors that participate in blood
clotting, cause the disease.
Clotting factor is a protein needed for normal blood clotting. These proteins
work with platelets (PLATE-lets) to help the blood clot.
GUIDE QUESTIONS:
LESSON 4
Congenital Heart - also known as Blue Baby Syndrome. It refers to problem with the
heart's structure and function due to abnormal heart development
before birth.
- It occurs when the opening between the right and left atria or right
and left ventricles remain open. It is characterized by rapid
breathing, Cyanosis (a bluish tint to the skin, lips, and fingernails),
fatigue (tiredness), poor blood circulation, heart murmur, fatigue
with exercise, shortness of breath, buildup of blood and fluid in the
lungs, and a buildup of fluid in the feet, ankles, and leg.
Congenital Heart Disease is hereditary in nature, caused by genetic defects,

and viral infections. It may be treated with procedures using catheters to repair the
defect, surgery to repair the defect, open-heart surgery, and heart transplant.
 Congenital means present at birth.
Heart Attack, also known as a Myocardial Infarction (MI), usually occurs

when a blood clot forms inside a coronary artery at the site of an atherosclerotic
plaque. The blood clot severely limits or completely cuts off blood flow to a part of
the heart. A person suffering from this disease experience pain, fullness, and/or
squeezing sensation of the chest, jaw pain, toothache, headache, shortness of
breath, nausea, vomiting, and/or general epigastric (upper middle abdomen)
discomfort, sweating, heartburn and/or indigestion, arm pain (more commonly the
left arm, but may be either arm, upper back pain, general malaise (vague feeling of
illness)
No symptoms (Approximately one quarter of all heart attacks are silent,

without chest pain or new symptoms. Silent heart attacks are especially common
among patients with Diabetes mellitus.
GUIDE QUESTIONS:
ACTIVITY - Group #2
Cardiomyopathy literally means "heart muscle disease“. It is the weakening

of the function of the myocardium (the actual heart muscle) for any reason. It often
occurs when the heart cannot pump as well as it should, or with other heart
function problems. The most common symptom is chest pain. Severe cases are
associated with heart failure and arrythmias. An echocardiogram is useful to detect
wall motion abnormalities or a pericardial effusion.
Treatment depends on the type of cardiomyopathy. It may include

medication, wearing of a pacemaker to treat a slow heart rate or to help both sides
of your heart. The goal of treatment is often symptom relief, and some patients may
eventually require a heart transplant. Due to the severity of the disease, treatment
requires the use of numerous chemicals and drugs, which have to be taken for the
rest of the patient's life.
Heart Failure, also known as Congestive Heart Failure. In this condition, the
heart muscles weaken and unable to pump enough blood to the body. Congestive
heart failure can be caused by diseases that weaken the heart muscle,
and diseases that cause stiffening of the heart muscles.
GUIDE QUESTIONS:
ACTIVITY - Group #3
Varicose veins develop most commonly in the legs, but also occur in the anus
(hemorrhoids), esophagus, and testes in males (varicocele). It is characterized by
aching, heavy legs (often worse at night and after exercise), ankle swelling, a
brownish-blue shiny skin discoloration around the veins, skin over the vein may
become dry, itchy and thin, leading to eczema (venous eczema). The skin may
darken (stasis dermatitis), because of the waste products building up in the legs, and
minor injuries to the area may bleed more than normal and/or take a long time to
heal.
Varicose veins are caused by long hours of standing and walking. The veins of
people suffering from it get little dilated than necessary because of the higher
pressure of blood in these veins. In the case of ladies, irregular menses, pregnancy or
repeated delivery as well as very quick deliveries, and miscarriages, including the
menopause time, it is very much possible that the varicose veins may result. It may be
treated with Varicose vein surgery, which involves removing the affected superficial
veins, the most common is called ligation and stripping. Non-surgical treatment for
varicose veins, elevating the legs provides relief in varicose veins.
Aneurysm, is a condition wherein the aorta and the artery within the skull
bulge during an increased blood pressure. As the aneurysm grows there is a greater
risk of rupture - this can lead to severe hemorrhage, and other complications,
including sudden death.
Clipping is the most common way to repair an aneurysm. this is done during
open brain surgery. Endovascular repair, most often using a "coil" or coiling, is a less
invasive way to treat some aneurysms.
GUIDE QUESTIONS:
ACTIVITY - Group #4
Hypertension, is also known as high blood pressure. It is called high blood

pressure because the blood pressure when measured is higher than the normal.
It develops when the body’s blood vessel narrow, causing the heart to pump
harder than the normal to push blood through the narrowed openings.
Atherosclerosis, develop when arteries thicken, lose elasticity, and fill up with
cholesterol and lipids. As the arterial walls harden, the heart has to pump harder
and against a greater resistance to enable that the arterial blood reaches all the
peripheral organs.
Stroke, also known as Cerebrovascular damage. It is caused by the lack of

blood flow to the brain due to the clotting of blood in one of the arteries of the brain
or the rupture of an artery wall in the brain with the accompanying escape of the
blood into the brain tissue. This is characterized by sudden numbness or weakness
of the face, arm or leg, especially on one side of the body. The loss of voluntary
movement and/or sensation may be complete or partial. There may an associated
tingling sensation in the affected area. Symptoms include sudden confusion or
trouble speaking or understanding, sometimes weakness in the muscles of the face
can cause drooling, trouble seeing in one or both eyes, trouble walking, dizziness,
loss of balance or coordination, and severe headache with no known cause.
GUIDE QUESTIONS:
ACTIVITY - Group #5
An abnormally low number of red blood cells or low levels of hemoglobin

characterize Anemia. There are three (3) types of anemia namely:
Iron- deficiency anemia – occurs because the marrow fails to produce sufficient red
blood cells, Aplastic Anemia – is due to the inadequate production of blood cells in
the bone marrow, and Sickle-cell anemia- is a genetic disorder. It is cause by a
defective gene that produces an abnormal form of hemoglobin.
Leukemia, is a disease developed when there is an excessive production of

white blood cells. Symptoms include bleeding gums, fatigue and breathlessness,
night sweats, weight loss, bone pain, bruising, blood in stools, itching, persistent
infection, and fever, even when infection cannot be identified.
Leukemia can be treated with Chemotherapy, such as:

 Consolidation therapy
 Maintenance therapy
Hemophilia, is a hereditary blood disease characterized by the inability of

blood to clot leading to hemorrhage or uncontrolled bleeding. This results from
insufficient or lack of blood proteins , called clotting factors that participate in blood
clotting, cause the disease.
Clotting factor is a protein needed for normal blood clotting. These proteins
work with platelets (PLATE-lets) to help the blood clot.
GUIDE QUESTIONS:

Activity On Diseases of The Circulatory System

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ACTIVITY - Group #1

Diseases of the Circulatory System

Congenital Heart Disease is hereditary in nature, caused by genetic defects,

 Congenital means present at birth.

Heart Attack, also known as a Myocardial Infarction (MI), usually occurs

No symptoms (Approximately one quarter of all heart attacks are silent,

Cardiomyopathy literally means "heart muscle disease“. It is the weakening

Treatment depends on the type of cardiomyopathy. It may include

Hypertension, is also known as high blood pressure. It is called high blood

Stroke, also known as Cerebrovascular damage. It is caused by the lack of

An abnormally low number of red blood cells or low levels of hemoglobin

Leukemia, is a disease developed when there is an excessive production of

Leukemia can be treated with Chemotherapy, such as:

Hemophilia, is a hereditary blood disease characterized by the inability of

Congenital Heart Disease is hereditary in nature, caused by genetic defects,

 Congenital means present at birth.

Heart Attack, also known as a Myocardial Infarction (MI), usually occurs

No symptoms (Approximately one quarter of all heart attacks are silent,

Cardiomyopathy literally means "heart muscle disease“. It is the weakening

Treatment depends on the type of cardiomyopathy. It may include

Hypertension, is also known as high blood pressure. It is called high blood

Stroke, also known as Cerebrovascular damage. It is caused by the lack of

An abnormally low number of red blood cells or low levels of hemoglobin

Leukemia, is a disease developed when there is an excessive production of

Leukemia can be treated with Chemotherapy, such as:

Hemophilia, is a hereditary blood disease characterized by the inability of

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