-, -
I
\
Official Journal of the National Brotherhood Electrical Workers of America.
\
VOL. 6. No. 3.
\
ELEC'rRICITl.' FROltl .CARBON 'VlTH-
01lT nEAT••
By Willard E. Case.
\ The subject bas such possibilities, all
I within. reasonable bouuds, that I hardly
know where to commence or finish. At
present we have oilly crossed the bound-
:It'Y line of that field which I am -sure
\ will be productive of tremendous results.
:.Lhermo-elcctricity has attracted atten-
~i.Oll for a great maui years, and now
I nnd then we ll:lfe teaI'd of new iuven-
tions which It'd us to think that we were
noont to soh'etne ~'i:oulem.
I· As far back ~s ISO!, Ritter noticed that
a curreut WIlS set up ,:-;ollen the junctions
I of di~!;lmilar metals were hell ted. And
following down to a later date, we find
tllat some thermo-ek'dl'ic batteries were
cuDstructed which really produced elec·
trical E'nergy at small cost, and which
1!!lye been to some extent found pmctic-
able. A thermo-cell was described by the
'S:,:ellker befere the Royal Society In 1886,
,.• hlch cou8isted of plates of tin and
plr,tiuum, forrr.Jn;; the electrodes, Im-
mersed In a solution of chromic chloride.
When the cell is he"-ted the electrolyte
becomes active; chlorine, lellving the
I!hro~llc chloride, temporarily combines
wit!.. the tin aud forms proto-chlol"ide of
tin. Thi"l chemical action generates elec,
hirlt:r, and I>oon the tin is all converted
into (~hlo!'idf' and the current ceases.
When ille eel! iscooled this temporary
I!OmblJill.tion of the chlorine and tin is
bro!wn up and the chlorine returus to
chroninm proto-chioride. The tin, lJeiug
set free, fallR :Il;' n m~taI!ic precipitate to
tile oottom cC the ('ell in the form of
('~~·~1~, !'c~hlj." ~c renc~." tlir.; (:pu·atloL .
tl:t:s cell wOI'k3 hetwe",ll 8(1" .and 18ij'
Jt'I!Lrenheit or (>38· anli t:l3S·· absolute,
Ule el€ctroill;·ti"e force· at t.he highp!,
temlJ~!'atUl"~ ii! nbvcT .~L1 yoU, but-the
l)OS~!~rt;l t:tH(~j€nc'7 is J.riss tltan ] G j,!er
;;(out" o'Yin.~ til tl:e.1peratiou f)f till' St}C-
cUll law j)f thermo,{jJnamics, wb!~h Pl·O··
y:dcs that in the cor;nil'sion of hent luto
w(\)'k, till) efficien('Y eql~als the· higher
tt'lllperatul't! wi.nus the lower tt:'llltlP!':l-
tm'e divided hy the I:lzher temne:-:1'1n'a
r·~("k()ned frl'ru all absolute zero, the lilt·
*R..ad before the New York Electrical 50-
:,:;et)· l:.";.!b-; 24, '87.
ST. LOUIS, MARCH, 1897.
ter being minus 273· Cent. So that this
cell is a heat engine, a reversible voltaic
cell which passes through a complete
cycle. It must be heated to operate, and
cooled to regenerate itself. IIi this con·
nection it may interest you to see in oper-
ation a more practical thel·mo.ceU, which
con,erts heat into electrical energy. This
iJattery is said to consuUle 2% cubic feet
of gas per hour, and to generate 12~
watts.
In order to make the subject clear to
those who are not familiar with it, let
me say that all electricity (except that
produced by water power or galvanic
batteries) is obtaineu from carbon. That
is to say, our electril!ul power of to-dllY
is generated by the combustion of coal
under the steam boiler 01'· by means of
the gas· engine, and through the inter-
mediary of engines and dynllmo this
energy is converted into electricity. Now.
we all know that this conversion of the
poteutial . energy of -coal into heat and
then into work il:! a DlOst wasteful pl'O-
cess. owing to t!:e lnten'entlon. of the
secoud law of thP.l·wo·dyuamics already
l'efen'ed to; and how to _overcome this
law ar}(l' to aVOid this waste IS the· sub·
ject uudel' discussion tu,night. Prnctl·
pully, we only convert a smllll percent-
age of the pot.ential ener;;y of the coal
iuto work, a.lnrge portion being wasted.
It is not so wllch the iuefficiency of the
boilers or the steam engine or dynamo
which eonvel·ts this energy into eloc-
h'icity, as it is the method adopted.
'Vlten we burn coal under thE! boiler wt!
trunsform the energy of that coal into
IH,:tt energy, and thp moment we do this
we come in confiict with, or rather be-
.:r l"owego\'erned by, the second law of
thermo-dynamics. It is an inexorable
law of Nature that under the conditions
in which we l1ve a great wHste must
accompany the tnmsformation (If heat
into :lllY otlwr fnrm of energy. ~'o illus·
U':I t~, in hot-air and gas engines, a cold·
w:J.t.'!' jackf.'t i8 usually employed, and
::0 raising its temperature is diverted
·tl.,:! l~r;;er share· of the heat, In the
th'~rmo·pile the junctures Ulust be cooled
by a eiJ'(:ulation ot: air or water, and in
Edison'S pYl'omagnetic gencrator the
it·on tubes must qc cooled by application
of cold air. ..
SINGLE COPIES, 10 CENTS.
$1.00 PEa. YEAR, IN ADVANCE•
.. Ilj.!~~cordance with the second law of
thcmio·dynamlcs. tbe heat not lost which
we can utilize III 3. given (!US~ equals
the differeuce between the high and low
temperatures used, di,ided by the high
temllerature. Now, to express this mure
simply, there is heat of an expansiv-e
force in everything down to nn absolute
zero, but under ordinary collditi(l116 WE'
cannot !!('onom!callyuse this heat !ll :my
machine helowtlle average uOl'DJlll tem·
perature in which we livf'; SIl. w!1~tl
once we set up ..molecular motion cal/ed
hent, we only lISt' if above the l1urmctl
tempel'atu!"C:'-up to thnt pOint to wInch
we are limited bytl1<! ·destnlction of mat·
t'!l', or, as we might SllY, to that ;Joint
at l,hicll W~ burn out om' ooiiers or. m':!t
our containing ve:;:selt;. And tlJi8 range
Is but a smull fr3:('tioll 0;: thH t(;tul mnge
of the hf':lt we have produ('etl. Loll!:."
ua" sho" n us that the eUt'rgy jll :i. p~[J.t
of boiling water, if it- cou!d be all util·
ized. llmllun£s to more than hali ;l -mil'
lion· foot-ponnlls,.and if the water were
quite cclJ, :md on tllepoint ot freezl!le:
it would l:'till (!ontain energy of 350,000
foot'pounds of work, or one-sixth of a
horse pcwer huur in every pint. Now,
coal or zinc f'ould be bumed to heat this
wa ter to a boiling pOint, in which case
only a pal·t (If the enel'gy between that
pOint and freezing could be utilized,
"hich is a small portion of the total
range between the boiling point and l!b,
solute zero. But either watel'ia! can be
oxidized ill a galvanic battery without
heat and wa!;te, and electriCity produced.
If we burn the coal, as Lodge hus sug·
gested, the highest temperanll'e (!')Tl!'
monly avnllable is that (If th" fl!r,,~{'.,;
hence tbe heat should be snpplicd to tl!e
·working substalli.'e iu· the cylinder at :1.
fm:wce temperature: This condition is
roughly :!atistied in internal comhustlou
engines, thou~h they have mttny defects
at presl'nt. This furnace tempemtm·e is
I
about 2.000· above absolute z0ro,· or !
1,500· It~ahrellheit, and it iu thi:"; c!ngine .
we could cool down to 600· aboye zero,
or 110" Fahrenheit, we could have n.
possible efficiency of 70 pel" cent. of the
whole-
ZOO)-(,(JO
-200)--=.70
th:1t Is, 70 per cent, less the friction of
 THE EJ...ECTRICAL WORKER. lMarch

the maehine and the Joss in the eon- !:lI·g~ !'Itftt!ons show a CunSl.1mptiCJn of the only practical dilferenc~,bet\yeen
version into electriCal energy, which 4.2 {'Hunds per horse power hour; 49 sta- them, is the addition of peroxide ,of nl\m-
would bring it down'to something like tion>" 4.0 pc:r horse ,pi.\wer hour, and 32 ganese to the bath ot the Bllldley cell,
, a possible 50 or 60 per cent. The steam small staiiflJu! 12 PQunds per, hnrsepower nnd, although I have d~scrlbed them
engine does not even approach this. Its hour. Theor~ticnll::v, .175 -pnundR CIt coal chrunologically, I will first sbow ,the
theoretical e1!lclency at 300 pounds Is 33 will yield ,one hors", power, or, allowing .Jacques cell, and then 'by simply adding
per cent, but -in actwl operation It Is re- fOt" 'USil, .1S:> pound; and of zinc, one peroxide of manganese to It, we will have
duced to 25 per cent. Gas engines, in- pomul used in a b!lttery pi·oo'iuces one the Bradley cell. We wiU then ,be, en-
ternal 4.'(lRJOustion engines, come near horse .,a\\"er under tl. lloteutial of tW{) abled to get their couipar~tive e, m:' f.
this ideal In fact, Prot. Thurston \'oIts. jnclud~ug the loss in lnternal rf;- and current in the same cell: But I
stateS that a' cannon. when being fired sistance. ,The cubeS of tllesl~ materials may say in passin;; that experience with
bas all efficiency of 50 per c,ent. ' represent the weights reqUired by each these cells before yeu leads me to be-
Let it be understood' that this is a lnw to.pr04n~e one electricalhQr~e power lieve, that the theory of their nction is
ot Nature; it is inevitable under the con- how·. " , not by any menns WI'Il l1udel'stood. It Is
ditions in which we live. No cunningly O~coursethe subject of electricity di- most uncertain and erratiC, and seems to
devised furnace or teed-water heater, or rect 'from curboD bas oeenconsldered be wore so before than after the add!-
cut-olf, or triple· expansiOn apparatus; or fl'OlD many polnti! of vIew.. Some- have tion of the manganese peroxide. ,F,or in-
pyro-generator can save this heat. The uttempted to obtain chenpel2ctrieity by stance, its e, m. f. seems to depend upon
most that :my ot these devices can do is , using tile oxygen of the nir to oxidiie va- its temperature. If water is preseQt '\VIlen
to'savewmt would otherwise be wasted, rilms substances;, others nM'1! nttempted the caustic soda is first used,a rev-erse
over and, above that which we must of to,o:x.idize coal with tile oxygen of the current becomes manifest. 'Vhen nil'
necessit)" use.. air with nut heat. and others have at- is blown through the electrolyte the e.
Now, the question which we naturally 'tewptel;l to vxldize t!oul by the oxygen m. f. is Increased. Sometimes only .3
ask Is: Bow are we to convert this po- of the air with the application of ex- of a. volt Is obtained; sometimes about
tential energy of the carbon into electric- ' tcrnnl'heat. '.fhe evolution of this sub- 1% volts; But the greatest amount (If
Ity with the lenst loss? If the boiler, ject is most interesting, 'Yewlll, there- cm·rent is apparent when the carbon is
steam ~e and dynamo are not avail- fore-, study the question from that point immersed in the bath.
able tor oUlUse economically, how shall or view and exulDinf! some of the most When the carbon rod is drawn up
W(lt do It? 'Ve know that the voltaic important battei'jes which have been along the inside ot the vessel the highest
battery does not act through the trans- constructed. 'Ve windo.so chr()nolo~ical­ e. m. f. is obtained, and when this car-
formation of heat into electl"icity; it pro- Iy. Of o!ourse, lack of time willcoDlpel me bon electrotle is replaced by another hav-
duces electrical energy direct. Thezinc to .wold reference to many well-con- ing none of the fused electrolyte 011 it,
is oxidized. and the potentiai energy of ceived in\"entions. and brought in contact with the exterior
that zinc Is conwrted du·ectly into elec- PU!1Sing o\"er the carbon consuming of the vE'ssel, at different pOints where
trical ener-gy without the production of cdls' of Jabl/)chkofi', Bard, Crumm, Edi- the temperature varies, no appreCiable
heat. The second 1:1w ot thermo-dyna- sori, Wright nnd: Thompson, I will first e. m. f. is obtained. This would indicate
mics is thus avoided, as no heat appears. desci"ibe the cell'invented by C. S. Brad- that as we drew the carbon 'up out of
But .the cegt at thls ~!llC and the chemi- ley, ··in cu-operatlou 'With Prof. F. B. the bath against the side of the vessel.
cals employed to oxidize it are so ex- Crocker, wblch WuS mentl.)ned in the we approach a point where the criticui
pensive that we cannot afford to use discussion of apap~r l·ead by the speak- temperature exists, nnd we get .the high-
them ... , 'T.he <;heapest matel·ials which er on "EI~(:tril.'ity frOm Carbl'n -Without est e. m, f. .
pl"esent tbemseltes at present to our no- Heat," in 1888, befor(>- the,.'\mp.rican In- If a nickel Cl'Ucible be used, assnggest-
ti~, are coal or carbon and the oxygen stitute of El~ctrical Enginep.rs. ed by Bradley some years ago, the e,;u.
of tne air. And if we could convert the lir. Bradley described tully the action t. is brought up to wbat 'hi considei;ed,
energy of the COlli into electrical energy fused salt.; on coal and stated that the the theoretical, as you will· see. ,Tbis
direct ':!.IId cheaply, we could do away, OJ oxygen of tbe air was absolutely neces- "little nickel crucible contains fused caus"
wIth our steam JllQtors, in time, provided stlry"!:or'the purpose of clleap oxidation, tic soda and carbon electrode. the same
the apparatus, was simlHe. and practical., or, to usc his own language: "The cell as in the Jacques cell. Wh{:n. heat is
Now, there Is no known reason why a consisted of fused. sodillm·manganate, applied, you will notice that .tb~ voltage-,
cheap substance may not yet be found and 'putting a blast (if air through it, and goes up to 1.16, theu begins to fall, and
which wiD act on coal and develop elec- by tliat weans supplylng it ivith Qxygen at a critical temperature above a red
trical currents in place of heat, but the and allowing it to a'ct on the coal, which lieat it drops to .3 volt, a most interesting
general tendency of late hns been to dis- ~s put in another 'part of the vessel, a fact, and on coolil1g, the voltage goes
card'thls method and to attempt to find iittie' over onevmt was 'lbtuin~d." up again to 1.16, and !lro.ps again when
same stable electrolyte or batb which the caustic soda solidifies. You will ob-
will act as acarricr of the oxygen of tile , ~L'he' Cell consists of an iJ.'on vessel 2* serve that the voltage is above the the-
air, conveying it to the carbon and oxi- inches'i.p. diaweter, and 6. iilciies deep, oretical. (Experiment shown.)lUany
dizlngit as zinc is oxidized in battery, whieh is plilced inside Of a.retort and other peculiar actions .will be noticed if
,producng electricity., This elecrl"ical' l!eated bya gasfiame to nearl;.c a red the carbpn rod is replaced by an .iron one.
energy would be the equivalent of the 1mi t. The 0lectrolYt& ,of the 'cell is With this form of cell iUs claimed that
heat energy which would be developed caustic solia, to which peroxldp. cf man- as high as 85 per cent of the energy of
by the combustion CJf the coal in the or- p;'unese Is added, foruilug sodluJI! man- the carbon consumed is converted into
dinary way_ ganate. In thisct:!1 is· imme-rs«d the electrical energy. The following l'esults
Of C01ll'lre, iIi the construction of such elect.rode of cm·bon, 'which acts as the of tests of the Jacques cell, taken frow
a cell we most be governed by the expe- positive pole. andwll:':ii tile' circuit is the article referred to, and from the En-
rience we have had with the galvanic ciosed, you will see that "we,' will have gineering Magazine ot .July, 1896, may be
battery in which the elements of elec- an e.ectr(Jmotive ior('p. of about 1 volt, ot interest: ElectriCity obtnined from 1
tromotive fort!e, internal resistance, etc., . with a current 'ot 3 ampel ¢s. ,{Experi- lb of coal (of which 0.4lli was con'sumed
are lnyolved, and by which, consequent-, ment Sh,'lWD,) -
In the pots and 0.6 Ib V{IlS bUI'hed 011 the
Ii, the output of the cell is govemed; The next cell to whieh I will ask your grate), equaled 1,336 \vatt hours. ',or 32
such a cell must produce a large amount ~ttention is' that !1esc.-ib",d by W. W. per 'Cent of that theoretically obtainable.
of energy, be simply and easily c_eaned ;;ilcque:; In ',Hal'pe£'lj View .L\.iomnly Mag- Another cell reported in the public
or recharged, In order' to be pmctical. It uzine," l!l.I\(''Cewbel', lS9G, 'which is an- .prints to have been built and operated
must be as simple and as durable to use ou,',c. illustration of the same p1'1nciple by Jacques consisted of 100 iron cells, 1%
and handle as the steam boilel· and dv- invbh·ellln the Hrtlllley cr>ll, with a few incbes ill diameter, and 12 iuches deep,
namo are to-day. • prllcticitl modllkatiou!'l. '_. It; like tbe oth- which gave au e. m. f. of about 90 volts
It may be ot, interest to 'give you a er eel.., cOllsi!!ts ~r an irori 've~sel,' which :md 16 nUlPeres, supplying 30 1G-candle
compar:ltive iIlnstmtlon of what the is the ni.!~i!tive e:lL'Ct!'ode" contain- power illcandes~ent' lamps .for a, little
energy ot coal does to-day, through the ing fused caul'lti(; s.)du. minns. the perox- over 18 hours. In this, experimeet it is
use ,of the steam engine, and what it ide of manganese, illto which is plunged said that about S pounds ·of carbon were
would do provided we could oxidize It tIlt' vos;th'e c::a(oi" ~:;l'hoil,' 'The oxygen consumed in the' cells. This, it was
in a battery without heat. The averuge is sUl.plied hy n',blast of air, as in the sta.ted, gave an efficiency of over W per
of large electric ligoht plants requires cell hdurl! uC:;Cl'ilJed. nnd an c. m. f. of cent, ,which, of course, did not iuclude
four pounds of coal fOl' every horse pow- Huout 1 volt iN su!d to he obtained,. The tLe power to operate the air pump and
e1' ot electricity delivered it·om the dyna- laffo:?i"e..ce between these two celis, which the coal consumed in heating' the cells.
mos to tile line. 'I'hat is to say, four ' I .particul:lr!y desire yOu to llotice, and But my experience with the cells be-'
 March] THE ELECTRICAL WORKERt~· 3·
=-=======.======~==========
tore you leads me to doubt the cOl'rect- and attacks the tissues, giving up it!! the oxidation ·of carbon in this cell with-,
ness of these computations. oxygen alltl ~ oxldiziHg· them. and thus out heat has produced 1.3 volts, and
It hus been suggested that carbon con- producing hent; and ."hen work lS. dOlle, would pi'oduce even, more if we chose to
suming batteries would be too bulky and the eql1ivalentof 'tile heat disrrppearir ufl . concentmte . the p.eroxide of chlorine
occupy too much space, as compared work, a·nd· w.ben the work is not done,. present, wbich is rather a dangerous
with that occupil'd by the present cen- the temperai.ur~ rises. perspiration aod operation, us the gas is an explosi'\'"e one
tral station for a ~iven output. I finf1; e'l"aporation takes place, and the temper- under some conditions. So it would ap-
however, that the Edison Station at Du· atUl'c is kept at its normal condition, pat'ently appear that there are mOl'e foot
lme street Ims 11 capacity of 28,000 elec- through this safety vul'\'"e. In other pounds of energy in a pound of carbon
tric horse power. The cubical capacity words. expressed electrically, there is 10-. than shown by Andrews, unl~s8 the au-
of the buililing jg in r.Qund numlMll'S, 900,-. cal action, as in a ·battery,· I am aware ditional energy in this inst:lllce comes
000 cubic feet. The sam~ building crowd- that the question of tbe cause of muscu- from the peroxide of chlorine.
ed with Jacques cells, assuming that lar contraction is in dispute, but it is gen- It might be thought that the high e.
they would perform the work clalme(l erally admitled th:1t the muscular force m. f. obtained in this cell is due to the
for them, :md leaving aside the question must be der!v~d from chemical energy.. action of the nascent chlorine on· the
of the difficulty of. their operation, prop- Observe, in the first place, that na- platinum, but careful measurements
erly distributed, would have ~n output ture prepares the food which it consumes lw'l"p. determined the centrary.
of 00,000 horse power. This estimate is to perform its functions. The food Is 'Ve have here, therefore, n cell in
necessarfly theoretical, and based en- t:1ken into the stomach and digested. A wllich carbon is oxidized without the
tirely upon the statements made by 1\11'. great part of it Is uself'ss, the best part application of hent und at normnl tern"
Jacques, namely, that a furnace contain- is selected and is transformed into a con- pcratures; a cell in which oxygen in un-
Ing cells occupying u. cubical space of (lition if! which it can b~ easily oxidized stable composition is readily givcn up to
600 feet has a capacity of 40 electrical at a low temperature, the blood acting as
horse power. You will thus see that the carrier of the oxygen. the carbon :llld tbe product of the oxidi·
Does this };atlon is carbonic acid gas, as proved·
. this ratio is in the proportion of 28 to 60 not give us a hint that we should follow
in favor of the buttery. It h:is been this COUl'Se likewise, aud prepare the ma- by analysis. I think we ba'\'"e, therefore,
statl'd that the e. m, f. of the carbon eon- terial for our carbon consuming batter- the right to assume that a large· per-
sUDiing cells is so lo,v that they would Ies? The oxygen of the ail', we al- centage of the potential energy of the
be. of no prnctical value. I think our ways have with us, so have we many cal'hon is converted into electrical en-ergy.
experience with the storage battery in carriers of oxygen, but an attempt, so far The point J wish to make in this con-·
central stations refutes this idea; at least :IS I know, has not yet been maile along u(>('tion is: We have in this cell, condi-
for potentials up to 250 volts, and by this line which I suggest, except that tions which· are analogous to those tak-
\ means of rotary ti~ansformers the cur- illuminating and other gases have been ing place In the human system, at l~ast
to the extent that carbon is and can be
I rent can, if necessary, be converted into used.
any form and pressure. A cell whIch I will soon show you Is
These cells, if correct in theory, caU one described by me in a paper read be-
oxil1lzed at the normal temperatures un-
der wIllcn we llve, and its potential ener-
I be heated withoilt infringing on the sec- fore the American Institute of Electrical
ond law of thermO-dynamics, as the law Engineers In 1887. It consists of two
gy converted into electricity.
We hu'\'"e in the blood ot the human
.

does not apply so long as the oxidization electrodes, one of carbon, surrounded by economy 3. carrier of oxygen, culled
I otthe carbon itself does not produce powdered carbon, in a porous cup, and
heat, but electricity. For, as we ha'\'"e one of platinum, both being Immersed in
haemoglobin; it a1J'>orbsits oxygen
through tlie lungs, each g~amme tak1n~
said, there is heat in the electrolytes and an electrolyte l)f sulphuric acid ill a glass up 1,34 c. cm. of oxygen; this oxygen is
all matter down to ausolute zero, and the jllr about one inch in diameter fiDd six in such unstable couditi.on that it can be
\ extracted fromt}>:: blood by means ot a-·
'electrolyte in the practical operation of inches in height. Into this electrolyte
j. these cells, is simply heated to permit when we introduce chlorate of potash Y:1CUUIIl and b) means of most reducing· .
agents; yot it has ·the Jlower to oxidize'
I the chemical affinities acting. We are we form peroxide of chlorine, which is a
governed hel'e, as elsewhere, by the laws very unstable gas, and decomposes in carbon and hydro-cllrbons as the body.·
provides tliem, without external heat.·· .
of evolution, and I think that this ques- the presence of carbon; its oxygen at-
I tion will be solved only through many at- tacking the carbon 9xidizes it without
tempts and many failures. I believe that heat, the chlorine bei~g set free at the
we must look at tbis su.bject from a dif- . platinum pole, electricity is generated
'Ve ha . . . p. in this test-tube, water con-
taining haemoglobin in· S(.!ution. YQ~
will lSee that by tnlnsmittcd light, It is
I fcr'!nt point. In the first place,can we not with an electromotin~ force of 1.3 volt,
learn a lesson from nature? We certain- varying with the amount of Oxidizing
of tIle color of arterial blood, as it Is fully
oxitiized, ·and when a.reduCing agent is
ly have a most wonderful example of the agent present and Fith tIle kind ot car- added to it, :lOd the air excluded, you
conversion of potential energy of car- bon used. Or. we can place these two will seE' that it becomes the color ot·
bon dh'ect into work in the animal econ- electrodes in a vessel containing water, Yeinon", hlood, and when the air Is.again
omy., w.hich is .developed at tne -a:pense generating this gas outside the cell and admitted, it tukes up the oxygen and
of the oxidization of the material sup- pass it. over into the cell containing the . becomes nrterial in color. 'l'his gume can
plied by the food, with an efficiency electrodes, in which ·case the cell will be played, of give and ul;:e and ·oxidizing
twice as economical as in the case of the operate the same as before; its· internal and de-oxidizing as many times as· we.
steam '!nglne. .One-tifth of the potential resistance being regulated by the· amount like. EYen carbon reduces It and gives.
energy is converted into work; four- of sulphuric acid which we may wish to an e. m, f. (Experiment shown.) .
fifths is converted into heat. But we add to the water. '''hat I want to expre~s to you is this:
must remember that the human . body You will notice that when the elec- In this battery which I hll.\"e just shown
mnst be able to exist In the arctic regtons trodes are immersed in the sulphuric you, carbon is completely . u:ddi~p.d at·
as welIas in the tropics, that the engine aCid, that only a slight e. m. f. is indi- nOl'mal temperature by oxygen, wbkb is
room must always be kept warm, and cated,due to the combination; on the held in loose comblnatiull, So it is done
to insure this average temperature in all addition of chlorate of potash, the e, m. in the humun body, and we know that to ..
parts of the earth and under all condi- f. is about 1.3 volts pel' cell and the cur- he a verv effiCient machine. Therefore I
tions, the four-lltths of what apparently rent about .4 of an ampere, To show see no l:eason to. think that 1t is neces-
is waHte .energy, is necessary to main- you that the action is strong and the sal'y:fol' us to u;:,e high temperatures.
tain the race. oxidization of cal'bon l"'.lpiJ, I will con- I\.:cev \.lthout the secoIlIi law or ~hel:mo­
A day's work of muscular toil is laid dYnamics' search fOl···a suitahle carrier
down by the authorities at about 1,084,- nect the cell with this little electdc bell,
which willgl¥e you an idea ot its of oxyge~ or same cheap som"!e· of ·oxy-
!)i)(} foot pounds. Tile- Dern1al-dllHy eN-
penditure in ,heat cannot be so r(>.adlly stl·ength. (Experiment shown.) "'en sUlJply and hydrogen or cal'bon; or
~ carbon compound easily oxidized.
determined, and it is estimated at 6,148,-
000 foot pounds; that is, between one-
We bave been taught to belieye that
tile e. m. f. due to tht! oxidation of car- . Does it not seem logical inat by·follow-
ing along this line and by preparing the
,.
fifth lind one-sixth of the potential ener- hon, Is about 1.0;) volto;;. Tb!.>! yalue has L-
g'J of tbe food is expended as mechani- been arrived at by assuming- Ant1l'ews' material to be consumed, as I!utw'e does
cal labor; the remaining four-fifths or determination, that the oxidization of in the human body, ·wt: may yet be able
five-sixths I(>aves the body in the form of one pound of carbon to C02 equals 14,- to reach the desired end with economy?
heat_ Of course. eventually the 'Tork 5-H B. T. U.; 01' that one gmmme equals Is it llOt probable, judging frow imm:lll.
goes into heat and is dissipated. :!4,H44 foot pounds, This detl'rmination expE:rience, that within tht: wide range
In the ~l\lInan economy the oxygen of was only nppro.'{imate, and fmthel': it of inaterials, some cheap means etn be .
the air is taken up by the blood in the was a determination lllade at a very hlgb found? I believe it is. Like aU good
IUl1;;t1. It is carried through the arteries temperature. Now you have seen that thlng& in nature, .it will cOJ:lle through

many trials and failures. The struggl,~
for existence will perfect It, but there is
DO known law which indicates that we
~de!illng wltb the impossible. . the enli of the wil'e w~ich is bent over
INTERIOR CONDUITS.
Among otherquestlons considered by
the National Conference on Standard
Electrical Rules, In Its endeavors to
formulate 11 single national code ot·rules
for safe ·wirlng, was that of plain iron
pipes versus lined pipes for interior con-
dult& At the December meetIng of the
Underwriters' National lill-ectric Associa-
tion Its Electrical ComlUittee also dls-
c:ossed· the question of interior conduits
with the result that a special committee
was. apJIOinted to experi-mentally in-
vestigate the question for the purpose ot
determinIng the best conditions for their
use. Inasmuch as the cost of interior
. conduits is one of the largest items in
electrical construction, the methods
which permit of the greatest economy
CODBIstent with safety are to be sought
tor. It is for this rellson that The Elec-
trical World has deemed it advisable to
obtaIn an expression of opinion on t!lis
subject from various manufacturers, con-
. &ultIng and constructing engineers, and
others more. or less directly interested,
and In response to a circular letter sent
to the most prominent l'epresentatives.of
these various branches soliciting their
opinions, the follOWing replies have been
re...~l'i'ed: " utes; ·:lsspecilied, The abrasion tcst on
KI-.WU1iam H. Merrill, Jr., Electrician
for the National Board of· Fire Under-
Writers, regrets· that his connectiun with
t1ie . InsoranCe 'Interests prevents him
from contributing to the discussion pre-
vious to the· final action of the Under-
writers' National Electric Association,
bot scndsthe.followfng notes, which will
doubtlp.ss prove of interest, being the re-
aults of Investigations which he has per-
semally carried on.
"M~tal Conduits-The metal covering
or pipe must be at least 1-16 of an. inch
in tblckDess, and capable of withstand-
Ing a crUshing load one-hnlf as great as
that necessary to break the ordinary
cOmmercIal forms of gas pipes having
equivalent external diameters.
·."The insulating lining:
"1. Must be firmly secured to the pipe.
"2•.. Mustnot crack or break when a
ten,foot length of the conduit is bent
with a sag of two teet in the middle.
''3. Must not absorb more than ten per
C<>.Dt of Its w~lght of water. during one
hundred hours' immersion in pure water
at 70 degrees Fahr.
"4. Must not soften at a temperature
below 200 degrees Fnhr., and must leave
the water In which It Is boiled practical-
Ii Jll)utral.
"5. Must be sufficiently thick and tena7
elOllP. to withstand abrasion fo!' five min-
utes agalnEt a.23-4-inch cylinder .covered
with No. 1 sandpnper and revolving at
tJie rate of 1,500 revolutions per minute,
the material being held against the
sandpaper by a l+pound -weight.
"Plaln iron pipe such as the ordinary
commercial form of gas pipe must not be
used as Il. conduit unless its interior sur-
tace Jsfree from burrs and con ted or
enamelled to prevent oxidation, and the
cOnductor installed therein- has a cover-
ing sufficiently thick nnd tenncious to
-withstnnd nb!'nsion for five minutes
against a 2 3-4~inch cylinder covered
with· No.1 sandpaJ)f'.r and revolving at
THE ELECTRICAL WORKER..
. . . =============--::::::==
the rnte of 1,500 re,'o!utitins per minute,
the~Terillg bdng helt! again!>t the sand-
paper by a 1-4·poun·j weight :ltta~hed to
the cylind~r through au arc of tlO de-
grees. Th!s covering lllust also show nn
insulation resistance of nt least one
meguhm pet' mile aft€l' two w!:cks' sub~
mCl'sion In watcr lit 70 dE'grl~cs Fahr,,·
and tbl·ee days' submersion in lime
wuter after tlu'ec minutes' .el~ctl'iticntion
with ~)Ij volts: All such cl'nllult installa-
tions must be permtlntcntly and elfectu-
ally groUfided.
·'In tlle way ot ·explanatlon, I would
say that the cylind;;r usetI in tile abra-
siun t:t!sts is suttlci€utly long to aumit of
a nuw silrfacl~ of sanopape!' being con-
stantly iu cOlltact wHh tllC mater~al test-
ed, ilild uifierences llue to a tillillg up of
tlles:mdpaper are COnSetluelltly a,volded.
'.rhe instant of contact betwecn the cop-
pel· or the wiL'e and th~ cyhudel' is given
by un electrical !>ignal. . other words, n system furnislling thc
.' "Qver u hunul·ell t~sts run according
to tllis standard sllow thnt it is well de-
signed fur pm'post's of comparison. The
ordinary l'Ubber wire covering 3-(H inch
lu thickness and haYing abruided outer
covering will withstnnd this abl'usion for
from 30 to .1OU secouds Y:!r~'ingwith the
make of the wire; "Vires tested in plain
iron pipes would cOllsequently hnve to
have a much thickel' (H!tel' COYeriIl!! than
the·.ordinul'j" conimercial' forniB in- order
to withstand the abrasion for five min-
the conduit ,lining being the same, it fol-
lows that these test specifications take
IntOc consideration the use of this mn-
terml secured to the inside of the pipe
or the outside of the wire; as preferred,
Hit is \"cry likely that a better stnndal'd
f01: thicknE!sfl nnd .tenacity will be de-
vised, though I belieye it will necessarily
be 3. laboratory standnl'd. . of moisture is caused by .condensation
"In Imtctice it might be preferable to
use standard pipe sizes for iusuiated con-
duits, instead of th~ ones given, in order
to ·render their installation easy with
. tools -commonly employed, and· because
mecp~nical engiuccring' practice hns es-
tathshed these stnn(iat·ds after long ex-
verience. . . .
"If 'plain iron pipes' are eTcr aUowed
for l!Onduits In pl·actice. it would seem
necessary to qunlify their use somewhat
aloIlg·the lin es o.t tne- restl'icti9Ds. given
in tbp.se test specifications,"
Mr; E. H .. Johnson, president of the
Interior Conduit and· Insltl!ition Com·
pany, New York City, writes that he be-
lieves thc insulation should be both on
the conQ.uclor and in the tube, :lnt! that
it Is l;retter to ha\"e. tWIi inllependent in-
sulations'in liE'u of a "single thread," He
docs not believe· tllut a thin coating of
as.nhaltic paint, ennmel or otIrer sub-
stance will be sUlnci£ont to prevent oxida-
tion, ntf)i"ture or abl'llsi(ln of the lmmla-
tion·. on the conductor. as he believes
there is no such coniiT.llr of sufficient en-
durance. He states that an extra pro-
tec,ti.ve covering on the insulation of the
wire, in audition tl) a thiu coating of
a<;phaltic paint,· ennmeJ or other sub-
st:1ilce.in the tube is riot sufficient, inas-
mucb as it SiDlply means one'insulntion
liable to one particular set of conditions
or (l:.nna~e, He believes ·that a le!ld cov-
ering is a g'l'o:!aler dtitrimcnt than ad-
vantageunftp-l' auy eircnmsta1:ces, und it
Is not a {WOller Ol' !lcientifi.c wayo! pro-
tecHm: the insqhltiQn, He (1001 Dot be-
lieve In ·having a lining for the pUll>ose
of acting as·a distance-piece between the
tube and tbe insulation of the conductor.
He believes In an insulated·lined conduit,
the insulntion resistance of tbe lining·
being depended upon as an ndditional
s.nfeguaru, and that the best obtainable
l'elntion should exist betwe-en the insuln-
tion on the conductor aud tllnt of the
tube, and that a coated metnl tube is iu-.
sufficient.
Ml.. George Hill, 44 Broadway, New
York City, states it is his ·bellef that tlie
pI·oper form of conduit is nn unlined gal-
vanized iron pipe, Installed with proper
cal'e, but he has not lInd the opportunity
to conduct experiments which would en-
nlJle him to nscertnin how far his belief
is justified by the fncts, '
1\1l', H. H. Brooks, manager of the Am-
erican Circular Loom Company, Boston,
Mass" wl'ites that he is "instand always
in the interests of an insulated racewuy
hnving no jOints or molded ellJows, ot', in
simplest safe menns of prouucing the reo·
qui red effect." .
A pl'ominent insulnted. wire manufae-
turel' writes that as It lurge portion of
incandescent lighting is by alternating
curl'ents, nnd inasmuch us It is better· to
ha\"e both conductors in the S8.me con-
duit, Individunl wires should be well in-
SUlated, and, if sufficiently insulntedbe
can see no ·advantage of haYing nu in-
sulation in the tube, ·Witb eithE'r direct
or ultemating em-rents, If the wires are
well insulated, as many rony- be run as
is desired through the same conduit, tile
conduit only being required as n path-
way and protection from mechaniCal in~
jUl'y. A thin contlng of asphaltic paint
seems to protect pipes fl'om watel:, gas
or steam better tbnn unything else of
moderate cost, and certninly si!ould prO:
tect them from oxidation, Tbe collection
due to a fall in temperature,. S(l that a
thick conting of paper or otqer poor con-
ductor of heat might delay condensation,
but will probably not prevent it, If an
absol·bent, it might prevent the moistul'e
from dripping into the bends iUld traps
of the conduit, but the absoJ;lJent l)rOI)'
erties would not only reduce. tile insula-
tion, but hasten disintegl'atioil. If the·
inside of the pipe, including the joint~
and bends, should be perfectly enamelled
by a highly insulntingmatel'inl, without
adding materinlly to Its cost, it would
be· desirable, .
If n conductor is protected with .:1 good
cotton braid thoroughly saturated witI!
a proper wax compound, there should be
no danger of serious abrasion in drnwing
in, especially since such conductormav
be mnde llexible by using strands of. tine
wires, -without very matel·ially incl'eas'-
ing the cost, A lead encnslng' should be
used on insulnted wire wilel'e thel'e is
danger of exposm'e to gns,. gl·e:lse...naJ;>h-..
tlla or specinl enemies to l'Ubber, but it
aads very much to the difficulty of (ka\v-
ing in and if good rubbel· is used is ndt
necessary, except as nbove Indicated_ .
In reference to a lining actin:: as a
distance-piece between the lilCtnl tuhe
and the insulation of the condUctor, he
believes thnt ordinary coverill:: is all
sufficient for the pm'pose, He believe!>
that rather thnn hnve aninslilated-lined
COllduit, the iusul!ltion resistance of the.
lining being depended upon as an addi-
tional snfe::uard. it is nlUcll cheapel· and
hetter to add a little good rubber to tile
compound as nn additional ·snfegual'd.
 Marchl
He believes that an iron or steel tube
should be treated with that substance
which will at reasonable cost best pro-
tect it from oxidation.
Another prominent wire manufacturet:
writes: - would be sufficient to prevent oxldatton
"n seems to me that insulating the
conduit and insulating" the wire is not the
proper thing to do. If the conduit is to
be insulated, then the wire should be
bare. ·If the insultltion ,of ,the 'conduit is
not !lood enough for this, it is not good
enol1-gh to be of any practical use, be-
('ause with one weak place it is no bet-
ter than a 'bare pipe. It therefore seems
to be a. question in my mind of insulat-
ing either the wires or the conduits, and
it seems to me the proper thing is -to in-
sulate the wires. We find no difficulty
whatever in underground work in pulling
ill long lengths of heavy cable, and see
no reason- why in house wiring there
I sliould be any danger of injuring the in-
sulat.on when installing the wires. In
putting in a system of house wiring, I
I , should thoroughly connect all the pipes.
The main danger from fire seems to be
a pipe partially insulated containing a
live wire'ln' contact with the pipe. In
\ other words, dangers of fil'e are to be
looked for from the outside of the pipe
\ and not from the inside, and the proper
method to use is a nlethod which will
I confine any arci!1g to the inside of the
pipe; By having the various pipes ofa
I conduit system thoroughly connected to-
gether, if any ground should occur on
the negative or positive leads at the same
1 time, then any arcing due to imperfect
t.'Ontacts would occur on the inside of the
pipe; and the difficulty would be at once
I shown In the circuits by the blowing of
fuses or other safety devices.
"A conduit should be made of such ma-
I' terial as offers mechanical protection to
the wires and of aJIording an easy
method of drawing in and drawing out.
I
I
It secms to me that the best thing that
(.'Ouid be used for house work is orllinnry
gas or water .pipe.' All insulated wircs
" to be used in these pipes depends vcry
much on the conditions and the opinion
of the engineer In charge. It is perhaps
better to divide such wires into three
classes: Fire-insulated wires, such as
weatherproof or underwriters'; rubber-
insulated wires and lead-covered wires,
the insulation ~f which may be either
rubber or fiber. If the conduit in the
house is going to be dry at all times, it
is my opinion, that a fibrous-insulated
wire is as good as any other I;:ind of in-
tlulation, with the advantage in its favor
of being cheaper. If the conduit is to be
exposed to moisture, then a rubber-cov-
ered Wire or a leall-encased wire is the
only thing to be considered. A fiber·in-
sulated wire covered with lead is per·
fectly good for places, no, matter how
daiup they may be or how wet, as 101lg-
as the lead covering remains whul\;.
"A rubber-covered wire, lcad encased.
bas the advantage of two protections
IIgainst lDolstnre, tbe lead coverill~ ,lud
the rubber insulation, wbich also serves
to protect the rubber from the (}an~er­
ous eJIects of the a h', which in time
causes the rubber to become brittle and
useless."
Mr. J. W. Marsh, vice president of the
Standard Undergl'Ollllll ('II hIe COI11P:lO~',
New York. writes tbatb~ believes that
the Insulation should be 011 the conduc-
tor. and that fOI' all pl'aeUral purposes
nothing is guined by having an insulat-
THE ELECTRICAL WORKER.
ing-lined tube except in tbe case of or-
dinary wlltcrproof wire where the in-
terior conduit might become filled with
water or much condc,nsation of moisture
migbt oceul';a thi'ri.:'~ontingof cua,~e'f
of the cond1iiCill:idabl'U~ionof'lhe in-
sulation, but neither asphaltic paint or
enamel will prevent the collection of
moisture. If cement or paint or similar
substnnee is used for coating the con-
duit, there would be more risk of abra-
sion than in the case of Ii smooth, ba,re
it'On pipe. He belie\-es that a thin extra
protective covering on the insulation of
the wire wouid be suffiCient, but does not
believe it necessary to have lead-covering
on the wire if limited to interior conduits
used in building and so well disconnect-
ed from the underground conduits that
no gases can enter the interior system;
otherwise, a lead-covering is absolutely
necessary. He does not believe that it
is necessary to have a lining acting as a
distance-piece between the iron and the
insulation of the conductor If the latter
is properly insulated. He believes that
with properly insulated wires no addi-
tional safeguard such as an insulating
lining is necessary, but that the insula-
tion of the conductor in itself should
be adequate for the service required. He
believes that the iron or steel tubing
should be so proteCted as to prevent Its
corrosion and with a substance, that will
uillier all conditions of heat. cold, etc.,
pl'esent a perfectly smooth surface.-The
Electric World.
PUESENT AND PROSPECTIVE
WORK.
Baraboo, Wis.-A $20.000 lighting
plant will be built in this city.
Memphis, Tenn.-The City Council has
taken steps towards the erection of a
city lighting plant.
-----
Clarksville, Tenn.-~ new electric light
company ,has been organized here, with
Co1. .T. I<~. Shelton as preSident. ,
Detroit, Mich.-The Detroit Tel. Co.,
nccortling to President W. L. Holmes,
has now more than 1,00i) telephones in
opemtion and are connecting at the rate
of 75 Instruments a day.
St. Louis, Mo.-The Merch:lIits' E~­
change (the Board of Tmde) was dam-
ng-ed to the extent of about $50,000 re-
cently by lire, which Is said to have' towers will be needed. The high hid
heen cnused by defective wiring for the of the General Electric Company has
electric elevators.
St. Louis. Mo.-The Kinloch Tel. Co.
has started.' laying conduits. This is the \
fil'st company to comply witb the under-
ground ordinance. The fil'tlt conduit will
be on FJleventh stl·eet. from Clark ave- hllF! ~n losi'lg bmdneFls const.antly ,for
nue to Wash street.
Snn Diego, CaL-The Home Tel. Co.,
recl'ntly organized with a capital of territory. The company has been forced,
!!'500.000. will, erect telephone exchanges to make IIU assignment, and Mr. Chas.
in the leading cities and towns in South-
(,I'n Cnlifomin. The fil'st exchange will ' receiver. It is understood that he has
be lll1ilt iu this city.
------
Chicago. Ill.-It is r(>ported that the
Sh~ll1pl1s & Haiske and the Ft. Wayne
('lel'tric corporation have consolidated.
It is not stated how the business will
he conducted or whether the 1.'t. Wayne the cable conduit for an underground
fllctol'Y will be continued or DOt.
5
Tacoma, Wash.-The Sunset Tel. &
Tel. Co. will spend about $75,()()() In
Washington in improving Its long-dis-
tancc lines. Anew-line Is projected
across the Cascade Mountains connect-
ing Tacoma direct with Spokane and
Eastern Washington_ .,
Battle Creek, Mich.-The State Tele-
phone Company has about completed ar-
rangements for building an exchange
in this city, and expect to commence
work in about thirty days. The Bell
Company formerly charged $48, but re-
cently reduced the price to $36 and $30.
The new company will put in phones for
$24 and $18.
-------
Milwaukee, Wis.-A bill hase been In- oj
troduced in the Legislature to, compel
the 'Visconsin Tel. Co. to make connec-
tions with the wires of other companies.
'The bill provides that companies en-
::;aged in the telephone business in the '
State shall receive and transmit within
the State messages to and from other
companies engaged in the telephone
bUSiness, and to furnish to 8uch other
companies connections witJ11ts own tele-
'phone excllange.
-------
Cripple Creek, Colo..,.-Capltallsts at
Colol'fldo Springs have organized a. cOm-
pany to be known as the Colorado Elec-
trie Power Co., which proposes to use
the power of the Arkansas River at Can-
on City. and tranFimit it to this city, a
distance of 25 miles. The- present con-
sumption of power in the Cripple Creek
distrIct aggregates several thousand
horse-power, all being generated at a.
heavy cost for fuel and water. and It is
estimated that 'power cun be supplied
at such rates as will effect a, savIng of
from 25 to 50 per cent. The initlalp.ant
will hllye a capacity of 2,0000 ho,\se-
power.
Des Moines. Ia.-Blds for electrlc
lighting opened a few days ago were re-
jectcd by tbe City Council, and new
bids advodised for. The General Elec-
tric Compnny's bid on the basis of five
years' contmct, was $9.75 per light per
month for all-night lights, and $7.83 on
moon-light .sclledule. on one -class ef
specifications, and $10.50 and $8 on an"
other class of speCification!'!. The city
now ,uses !rol ,arc light, but under the
IIt~W contract will use about 500 lights.
The city is nlso considering using the
tower'sYFJtem, 3ndestlmated that 140
started quite a movement In favor of
municipal lighting. "
St. Louis, Mo.-The Peoples' Railway
Co. has been contemplating changing to
all electric svstem for some time, as it
several years, DDt being able to com-
pete with its cable system with the elec-
tric lines tbltt have recently t.npped 'its
Green, its president. has been appointed
completed arrn.!lgements to change to an
electric Flvstem.
The Broadwny Cable will probably
also be discontinued. and electricit.y sub-
stituted' before the summer is ove::. Both
roads will try the esperimt"nt (Ii using
electric system.
 6 THE ELECTRICAL WORKER. -[March

De careful about thro..vlng water on amount of power or press tire can -be a.c-
a fir':; c:lUlScd by electric wires. Joseph cnmrr.llllltf:U. The Inye~tor 'states that
Binkley, of Nashville, Term., was in- the fullure to provide such a device has
stantly kilied on ~,.rarch 4; by tllr.:o>wing heretofore rendered all 'W:ll'e motors
wnt{'!r (.n fire which was (':lU"ed by elec- us~less. I'urther .exneriments will be
tric wires In a hullding ,... !lere he was made at a greater distance from the
working.. WMter is a good conductor beach. .
of {-~('{:tl'idty, and In this cas'~ Binkley Wright claims that the cost of power
was gl'onnded on nn it-ou pIpe :md the at the ('<last wlll not exceed $10 .per horse
OnrrCIAL JOIJItNAL OP TBE
hand that held the :water-pail WW! power per annum, and can be delivered
'NATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF ELECTRICAL burned to a crisp. '. In J..os Angeles for at least one-third of
· WORKERS. the present cost of power in that city: .
'rhe Nationni Brotbl!rhood of .Electrlcal
PUBLISHED MONTHLY. Workers will pay "ny person who or- During the past month a combine, pool
g:mi2:es a union'· of f>lectrical workers or trust has been formed to control the
J. T. KELLY. Publisher -and Editor, mth fifteen (II'. 'more members, $15. illcandescent lamp business of·the coun-
904 OUve Street, Sf. Louis, JUo. Here is a chance for our tl"8.veUn;; mem- try. J. H. Rhotehamel, president of the
hers to help along a good calise, and at
II"TEilIED AT THe POSTO."..CC AT .T. LOU' •• MO • • • • Columbia Incandescent Lamp Company,
· .IICOfl~CLA8a MATTE". tb(> '~;l:me time be snfficiently compen~ of St. LoUis, Is credit~ with being the
EXEamVE BOARD. sated to ut lenst pay fueir ex·penses. We prime mo\'er in forming this trust.
lL W. SHERMAN. GllAND PRESWENT, aise> call the attention of organizers of 1.'hls, to say the least, Isa 11 ttle peculia r,
1 Bauer Place. Rochester, N. Y. the A. F. of L. and central b(.dies to the considering the fact that it was the Co-
. 1. T. KELLY, GllAND SECRETARY, above proposition, and reque!!1: labor lumbia Company that first broke the
901 Olive stnet. St. Louis. Mo. pa-peri; -to nlake note of sam~.For fur- General Electric's lamp monopoly. It 1s
.fOHN HISSERICH, GRAND TIlEASUilEll, ri.'er particulars address ,T. T. Kelly, further stated that all companies in the
182'l N. Twenty-second St.• st. Louis. Mo.
Gr31l~ Secretary, 904 Olive street, St. combine must pay a royalty or 'work
. P. J. ROTH, J.-on!s,l\Io. .
lOI1 Parallel Stnet, -Atchison, Kas. under a license from the W:estlnghouse
Company, which has'revived the ·Sa.w~
J!d!
. Care wester!; *?~~:taredo, Tex. A~rdi!'.g
gi'Nlt minel'8'
to a Lead,me
strike which
dispatch,
hegan
the
June
YE'r-Man Electric Company, to' COIldtlet
1'. H. WISSINGER Its incandescent laml> business. The
741 W. Fayette Street, Baltimore. Md. i!l last, hss been declared (ljf by a vote c(>mpanles In the trust are the Bryan-
aCOLVL"'i, of J,OOO to 300.. Eugene V. Debs was Marsh, the Perkins, the Columbia, the
ZS8 Lincoln Street, Allston, Mass. [orese-nt at the met'ting at which the Buckeye, the Sunbeam, the Adams-Bag·
A. P. IRWIN. strike' w:is declared off. Tlie miners nall, the General Electrie, the New Yl)rk
425 GearY Stnet, San Francisco. Cal.
hn.Te lOuden hitI'd; up-hill figllt, and. al- & OhiO, and theSawyer-1Ian (Westing-
though not entirely successful, they honse).
bavehrought the condition 'of tht'! miners It is also stated that the Westinghouse
· As TuB ltLECTRICAL """,ORItER reaches tile men to rhe atif'l1tion of the authorities of the Company is prepared to grant .Jicenses to
who do' the work and recommend or order the
material, its valne as an advertising medium can ~t,:Lte :md the general publlc in such a reputable manufacturers of Inc:mdes-
be readily appr~iated. mann..r that good results will follow, cent lamps. Why should any reputable
e\"en though the miners arc apparently mnnufacturer pay a license for the pr!\i-
St. L.ouis;Mo., March, 1897. dcfeat~dnt prese~t. liege of manufacturing. 111ca.rides~ent
W. N. 'GATES, - SPEcIAL ADVERTISING AGENT,
------- lamps, when the manufaCture of incan- .
Thl$ - m~nth WP lU1Vp two new unions des('£'nt lamps has been open to the pub-
'29 Euclid ~venue, CLEVELAND, OBIO. to Introdur.e: Plttslmrg, Pa., and Wor- lic for several years. It is useless to
c('ster. Mass. Pittshurg promises to be try to dlslrulse the fact that the present
one of the larlrpst and most important combine is a trust organized like the
tmioD.<l In tbe Brothr:rhood, and was or- Sugar Trust and all other trusts;' to co.tl.
gani7.ed l)y the or~unizel'S o! the United trol the price of a certain article, and
LabOr L-el1ln1E~ of Western Pe~n.sylvania make the consumer pay the bills, IlInd
andRuUdln~ Trades Council. A num- will not· rest content until It has either
uer of previous e1forts·to org:mize Pitts- forced all Independent companies into
Now that ladles begin to take an in- hurg ltave heen made. but without BUC- the trust or out of busine3s..
· terest .in .our otgaDization, we can ex- (·e~...but thnnlis·to the good work of· We -aTe 1W1TY to notiee that the elec-
pect to make more rn~id pi-ogress. Our Bro. Ii: n. Thoma;; of the Patternmak- trical press, with possibly one exception,
brothers in Austin,. Tex., should feel erg. lL P. Carr-iek~and P. W; Gallagher approve of the formation of this latest
ashamed of themselves. Had they the of flJc' Painters, Lee Hart of the eleC'trical trust, and have published the
spunk and energy of "Bill 81" our Aus- 1.'heatrlcal Rrotherhood, aud other active plate matter issued by the trust with an
tin .uniOnl would not be an unknown IJ)embers of or::nnized labor iu Pitts- approving nod.
. quantity. bUl'g. the electrical workel'S will now be
. sothorongbly organized' and receive
------
~rhe Western Union monopoly on the
Rockefeller bali made another donation !'Iucha start that the permanent success Pacific railways is about to be broken.
to the literary bureau of the Standard of the,u,nlon is Il1;sured. . United States Attorney Sawyer has filed
011 Company, otherwise known as' the "lVol'r.:ester was organized by Bro. E. II. motion before Judge Munger, at
Chicago Unive1'8lty. Ten million dollars ('civill aftt'r quite an effort. He writes Omaha, Neb., for a supplemental·de,cree
Is said to be the amount of this last do- -ilJnt .ol'l:;tnizin:: ,is not ibe snap some to the decree originally malle by the
nation. Look out for an advance in the people tl}iJik It il'. United States Court in the fa.mous case
price of 011. as the Standard 011 Com-
pany will make this :lmount up with
------ of the United States alrainst the Union
A' publiC' test of -ii. new wave motor Pacific Company and tbe Western
roIIJI)Ound interest, on the people who W:lS recentl;f macie at Redundo' Beach, in Union Telegraph Company. The supple-
_ use coal oli-principally the middle and r.~:l~!'. ::!~~::ti(·u 'R~y. Pc~:.y!~ \V~;ht, ,of mental decree is in 'confOl'mlf:ji with ·the
poorer classes. Lo:; Al1~eles, the inventor, conduet-ed m:mdntc of the United 'States 'Supreme
tIi!? experinlfmts in the presents of twen- Cotwt In the case fi,led in If-ebruary,
ty" (:npitsli~ts and Inventors. By means 1896. March 19 has been set for· the
The ad\'ance agent of prosperity has of the float, a hyd:'auliC' compr~sor was h£:aring, and the time' when the actual
taken. his se3t on the stage, and the actn:tted. fo)'C'ing the ,?ater into a pres- work of sepamting the affairs of the
show has begun. We warn Mr. Mc- !lltre tronl, under a working f,rel!'!3ure of Union P;1cific fl'om the Western Union
Kinley that if he does not trot out his 4QO plmnos to the square inch. The will be decided at this hearing. After
prosperity, the people ·will not be fooled \\'at~l' pn·s!:ure. tank operntes a Pelton the order is made. the Union ,Pacific
a second time. For the sake (If suffer- wheel, which ~1l'h'f>s any kinct .of. ma- . Railway Company, by its :lgentsand
Ing humanity we hope that prosperity chinery. In the tcsts an' el~ti'ic genera- employes, and not through the instru-.
will rome, and that the honest Ameri- tor W'III m:cd. Wit.h aSxltJ fleat five mentallty of the Western Union Tele-
can workman who has been battling to . h'~N'e f'uwet· was Ptlsily gene-rated. I!raph Company, wUl exercise ali the
· keep the wolf from the door for many The machine is nutomnti"~llily self-reg- duties cl'eated by the telegraph f.ran-
a month will at least have an oppor- u!ating and is so arranged that during chlse of the acts of 1862 and 18(;4, and
tunity to earn nn honest living, sturm i'o:!riods no more thn.D a giv.en the laitH --company Is dIrected to vacate
 MarchJ THE ELECTRICAL WORKER. 7

aU offices-of the rnUway company. ThIs contempttilrlis!y gometlmes ~f 't!l'eb::fe.l~ Last week's meeting was given over
decIsIon cpens the wires, offices and Jow-wot:,~i'5? 'How-can a man' who 'hlt .. €-l1tirely to considering the relation of
connectIons ot the Union Pacific Rail- the moral courage to support his CDn:vle- trades unions to the unemployed. ' Harry
way Company to al1 persons and Mr- tions and express his convictions have a White, tlecretary of the Garment Work-
poratlons on equal terms, and destroys vcry high regard for a coworl,er who ers' lTnlon, had gathered a number of
the monopoly ot the Western Union never has an opinion of his own and de- statistics. Of the clgarmakers In New
'l'elegraph Company along the line of clares himself a "neutral," ex.cept on pay York numbering four to five thousand,
the Pacific railways. This will increase days? Pay days the neutrals receive in- nbout 700 are at present idle. Each of
the wIres accessible to the Postal Tele- creased wages secured by the trades- these gets $3 per week out-of-work pay
graph Companytilone nearly 2,000 mlles. union, but -convenk!ntly ,f-orget the In- fol' 18 weeks in .the Yimr.,Pplntersare
When the first deeislon In the case was taxed one per cent of their wages for the
I rendered not a large proportion of the
telegrapll equipment on the line of the
finence thnt b!'ouJ!ht the benefit to tbelll.
"Neutrals," 'ft is time you were aU doing
some serious thinking-Bakers' Journal.
hf'nt'fit of union nrlnters out of work.
The Amalgamated Society of Engineers,
an English organization, pays sick.
roaiJ was owned by the rallway com-
pany, but In the last few years, anticI- death. out-of-work, and super-annuated
I pating that the final decisio,n might be
NEW YORK NOTES.
benefits. '.rhe Amalgamated Society of
unfavorable, the railway company has From the Social Reform Club. Carpenters; alsC) Engllsh in its origin, Is
been bundlng up Its lines, but almost equally careful of its membership. In
I every instrument in the stations along
the road Is owned, by the Western
The Identification of our club with
\1l1ion label propaganda is very com-
fact, many unions are, In effect. becom~
ing lan~e, cheaply conducted insurance
UnIon; also the greater part of the wires. plete. The standing Committee on 01'- infoltitlltions, that, by reason of the in-
j n must now do its work with its own :.:-aulzed Labor. after seeking for Its timate acquaintance of the men in the
operators and its own offices. sphere for a short time in other direc- local unions,are able to go further than
tions, settled definitely on the creation any insurance company in guaranteeIng
I "AG'IN DE UNION I" of a g£'neral sentiment in favor of union-
made /roods; re~ording this as the most
"He that Is not with us is agaInst us" sure way to strengthen the hands of
l1. living to a member whether w.orkIn!;.
idle, or sick. Mr. Tombleson reported
for the Gilders that hard times were al-
should be Inscribed upon the banners of labor.
I organized' labor, aM it should be di!!- The point was brought out that label
played as 8, warning to our nonunion laws. giving the right to register and
ways the promptest in affecting his
union. At present 80 per cent are out
of work in New York. Their union
I friends who say, "I don't belong to the U!':E" lahels are now on the statute hooks
nnlon, but I have nothing ag'in It." For of 23 States. Hitherto. however, these
a, man to remain neutral Is, of course, a
could not, therefore. promise regular out-
of-work benefits. But whenever a'mem-
I labels have bN'n attached almost ex-
personal rIght, but for a man to rema!u clusively to ~oods, overalls. etc., finding
neutral wheu he hopes In his heart that a market with the laboring <!lasses. It
ber was in actual need of the necessities
of life. he had the right to apply to the
HeUef Committee, which does not make
r the union of his coworkers will succeed will be the work of our committee to an open repo,rt to the organization, but
In obtaInIng for himself and others an familiarIze the /renernl pubilc with this nnly to the offlcer8. There is thus 'no
Increase in wages, better working hours, new devlc£', which promises a quiet ad-
! or rather some other desirable benefit, is justment throngh bu!!i!less methods, of
a pretty "poor stick of a man." There the ethical dlH1culties which are now
h~lmiliating publicity given to the hard-
~'J!'''~s:-:('d man. As n fitting conclusion to

l Is no neutral gmund for a wage-worker troubllng the minds of consumers.

to stand upon. He must be for or against Our committee reports that I1t the
the union representative of his labor. present time in this city cambric dresses.
the llWl:!ting, we were fully prepared to
he~r l!i·. Devine oithe Charity Organi-
zation Society assert that scarcely any
::tpplications for help came from unioll
I' The Simple fact thnt the union exists; with lined waists lind some trimming,
thnt the object of its existence is to se- are b£'ln/r made at 81.20 a dozen; nl/rht-
cure benefit to the class of labor it rep- ¢own~. with tucked yokE'S (thrend fur-
mell. President Spahr, In declaring the
meeting adjourned. !!ald thnt it had
confil'med us all in the belief that the
resents; that its platform is broad nn(l 1I1~hed by the maker) and in!'ertion (cnt gift:'; of the rich to the poor were small
I Its principles praiseworthy. destroys flU I'ut hy the maker), atU a dozen; silk c(Ilnpared with the gIfts of the poor to
possibflfty of anyone maintaining a dig- wf!lsts at 98 cents'a dozen; women's 'E'acu other. ' .
nified, honorable neutrality while his co- wrappers at 49 cents, n dozen; coats are
I laborers proclaim themselves as union beiTJg "finished" at 36 cents a dozen:
men and wear the badge of their trade !'hlrts 'are bein/r mode at 30 cents a
G. GROSVENOR DA WE.
Quln('y. IlI.-It is renorted here that
nnlon. Therefore, every man must be dozen: aprons nt 22 cents a dozen; fine the Postal Telegraph' Company wIll ex-
tor or against the union, and if any at- French nightgowns nre bein/r pressed in tcnd its system to Burlin'g1:on, la., and
tempt to remain neutral. it Is simply the living rooms of tenement houses at thE'DI'e across the -State to Omaha.
hypoCI'isy: In plain English lanlmage it 5 cents a (\ozen: and necktles are being
Is ridIng two horses-the employer and mllde at $1.25 a gross. The most expensive ,product In the
theunfon. Dr. 'Parkhurst, In a recent sermon. ('x- world hm.. lately beE'n the subject of
Every (lelt-respecting wage-worker presse(\ himself on the morality of the some Inaulry. wIth the result that t.lle
should be a member of his trades-union. whole "bargain" question in the follow- metal ~al1ium has been ,put at the head
Neutrallty is cowarlilce. It Is standing In~ manner: "If a lady I!oes to the store of the Jist. with til" approximate value
In the 'world of labor with arm extended and buys an article that she is sure Is of about $100.000 per pound.,
and palm outspread to receive benefits marvelously cheap, ond cannot under-
and at the same time keeping a sharp ,::tand how such a piece of hand-made Receiver W. W. Fn~an, of the Con sol-
eye out for ~anger. If the benefits reaell I!(lods can be procured at so pItiable a Idnted Electric Light end Power Com-
the hand they are eagerly received; If figure. she kuows, If she knows any- p:my. of Kansas City, Ktis.;' has made
danger appears the extended nrm falls thing about. the world she li'l"es in and
tho industrial conditions thilt. nrevall,
nn order discharging aU till:! old E'm-
to the, side and trembling footsteps arc thnt 1'loyes of the plant except lamp trim-
some poor girl In some si<:>kly back mers. unJ P.'mploYE'd union men In their
heard In 1\' convenient allEiy. That is the olley has heen half·pnld for her work,
way, n.eli,tr~lity acts. stE'ad.
aild she. the elegant lady going shop-
There is another sort of neutrality: It ninl! In her carriage. gets the benefit of The W:uren EleMric and Specialty
Is thilt practiced b#v the "backslider." '1'he it. ~he does not kill the ,girl outright. Company. of "'arren. 0':' ha,c; refused to
nefltraHty which ~rompts 11 mnn 10 only hut she helps to l,iIl her by inches. And join the incandcscent lamp pool, and hns
pay, dues to the lmion when there is then, when she has got the first wear heen threatened with all kinds of ea-
something snbstantial in sight. Back- out of those articles that she has )'flid lamity by the trust, but is still dOing
sliders are barnacles which delay the half for and that the s£'wing girl haR bU!:Iiness at the old stand, and 'propcseu
ship of organized labor froml'eachlng. a pai.l half of hy her health, !It,rlmps, and to continue to do @o. '
safe harbor. Thel'e are also harnacles ill-· very possihly by her l'h1:u,:-. [<he eu-
side of, the shlp-JUen who pay dues and COlll'ag£'s hCl~elf in imnginillg thnt she The recent purchase of 5S,OOO tons of
act as thOllJ:h, they wel'e, ashamed of is not a blood-sucker and a IDm·d('!'esf.l. SO.pound steei rails by th~ receivers of
thcmsel¥es, for they never speak of their by johtinl!' a relief 01' r!'sl.:ne sftCkty and the B:lltimorc & Ohio Hi,llroadCo;. at
mllon 01' endca\'or to 8(,C11rc recruits. oaekin::: off the unavailable portions f'f n, cost of allollt $1,000,000. is another
They say they are "for the lIlllon," but he!' wal'dl'Ohe to be dishihlltf!<l amon~ eviden<:e that Messrs. C,)WCll and Mur-
their dn,iJy life is a:.:-uinst it. Is it any the poor servants girls in the brlck nl- rav intend- placing the B. & O. in first-
wondcr that b'ue-blue union men speak ley." class physical condition.

8.
THIi: TRADES 11N1058 AND THE MON.
OPOLIES.
By Geo.E. McNeill
How can the trade unions successfully
combat the giant monstrosities of the
ciosing years of the Nineteenth Century?
The trade union is, theoretically and
historically, the oldest form of the or-
ganization of the poor. It is as old and
weak and as young and strong as the
splrlt of liberty.
The trade union Is a democratic gov-
ernment. Its local unions were as the
tree cities of olden times-the saviors of
civilization. Its national unions are as .
the union of the colonies;'nd plantations
Into the States. The American Federa-
tion is as was the federation of the
States before the adoption of .the con-
stltution. Trade union progress has
been on the historic line of human de-
velopment. Starting with tbe advanced
members of its class, it has broadened
and is broadening as rapidly as the
lower-paid are advanced in material
prosperity up to the level of organized
effort. . Guerilla warfare Ulust be repl!lced wltil
The trade unions hold the position of
protectorate to the unorganized, who
are at first enemies, and afterwards
faithful allles.
The trade unions have a membership
of about 1,000,000, mostly men, and an
alUed force in reserve of millions of men
and women of its own class. In the in-
eVitable conflict ·between the DeoDle and
the capitalistic monstrositles,- the trade
unions have the hearty co-operation of
mUllons of farmers and many buslne!>s
men· and othei:' intelligent ··members of
the community. To this force must be
added the awakened religious Impulse
of'tbe poor priests and clergymen.
This Is the p\)sition of one of the con-
tending parties. . 'rhe trade.unions will su~ceed,~cause
. The managers of the trusts, syndicates
and monopolies, with their allies, the
bankers, brokers, .newspaper managers;
rich. priests and clergymen, gamblers,
dudes, corporation attorneys, sycophants
to power and pOSition, and some college
professors make up the active force
ot-tbe -otber -party. Their .active allies .
are to be found in the professional poll-
tll!ians and in the ignol"ant, degraded
and submerged poor of our large cities.
To .these must be added that class of
men who live upon the vices and ex-
travagances of the rich, and the namby-
pamby, fossilized mechani.cs, business
men and agents; who gently sink into
the lower strata without a struggle. Pre-
suming that the numerical force of each
party is about equal, ·and agreeing that
the power ot aggregate wealth and·the
administration of political government
Is with the monopolists, the timid would
at once conclude that monopoly was sure
c~ the vidory hnd that the trade unions
were powerless..
It is the old, old contest that has ever
been 'vaged~the old enemy in a new
fonn. The barons won Magna Charta
from the king; the·' peasantry of this
country won political independence from
the mother country; the suffrage was.
won in England without the bloodshed'
ot'war, but not without the bloodshed of
sacrifice. . . chasing pO~'"r of· ·day's work. How to
Monopoly is the last fruit of the pres-
ent industri8.l sysr~n1. It is poisonous,
but it Is also seedless as it is soulless.
It Is the antithesis of the trade union.
~
'l'HE F.r~ECTRIC.AL ·WORKER.
It is and must b~ a dcs!,(lt!!l~.
The trade unions seek to overNme the
cOJ;Ilpetition of wagework~J's with wage-
wor!ters, in the inter-=st of its (·lasA. and
thus for ali cmsses, by makillg ~JI pros-
perous. The monopoli!1ts seok to over-
come their compeUtv£s und fuukl.! them
!lervitors tl) their. will..
There is 110 peace UDder des,otism.
The feudal barons fouglJt each other;
monopoly will contest with !t:.o!lopoly.
It is the function of the trade unions
to create a democratic monopoly of la-
bor. They lUUSt· be the banki1~ghouses,
as well as the army Rndnavy; they must
be the insurance offices and the iraternal
SOCiety of laborers. The small unions
must form tllemsHives into national
('r international unions, and the Ameri-
can Federation of I.alJor must step for-
ward out of its present loose· form of
federati\)n into a ('om pact go\-ernruent,
in Which the autonomy of eacll.national
a:·nd intern:~tioDal union musLbe pre·
served. A system ·of revenue must be
lnaug-urated commcnsurate. with the
seriousness of tile work·· at hand.
a system of scientific warfare. The
alUed forces must;be brought illto closer
relations.. The men who fight the bat-
tles mllst be fed, and, if need lie, pen-
sioned when hllp!!l~sly disabJ~d 1:>y lock-
outs or black!1stlng.
Treaties, offensive an<idefensive,
a~ong the line of· opposition to the power
of trusts. syndicates aud monopOlies
must be an:anged with organizations
wOl'kirig·to t'uis. end, the traGe unions
holding their jurisclictions. Qver all mat-
ters of wages,· shop: rules, strikelS, etc.
Edllcatiopal clubs must be e$tablished,
under the charge of the .. feder~tion, and
eTery eff6rt made to employ competent
men to conduct educational work.
dewocracywill prc"iall over despotism.
Th~y will succeed, ~s they ahytlys have
succeeded, in the. ratio of theIr revenue,
benefits and numerical strength. Cheap
menare eusily purchased, ·unoi cheap
unl<)lls~easiJy discouraged and.,defeated.
One million five -hundred thous:md. men,
with a treasury ot .$15,000,000; can add
t:. million men· to'the ranks anll no,ooo,-
000 in funds. If we put none but tried,
true,trade unionists· on guard, we. cannot
fail.· , .....
A .few les.l'.ons !ll the advantages of a
large circrilation would be b<:'neficial to
the newspaper press, and, direction
should be given as .to We concentl".ltion
of the fight against the weakest point in
the· fortifications of. oPP1'ession ..
'l'he g!'eatest monopoly is the mono-
poly of time. . 8t. Louis. Already more than ·one-half
The purchasing power of a da3"'s work
is. the unit· flf value and must be pre-
served. Ten:Ye1lrs ago I wrfJte: The
wage'H,i':'''.· ;s ;,. lJ.ulSiu"..s wan. lIe has
tim~, ~ndurance and skill to sell. If he
s!!lls ten hours fora day's wC)r~. he de-
preciatesthe unit. of vRiLle: if :he sells
hut eight hours; he increases its -ralue.
EV'el'Y hour capiurp.d lessens ·the power
ot tbe monopoly of things. ' electrical work is concerned, lind both
As tl1lde unionists ~:1t11ih ·fite union,.
we are e-quaf stockholder;;;. We niscuss
the busineSs.'Of·how to increase the pur-
increase our inenibersbip: .and' how·to in-
crease and use our funds. We discuss
principles find meO.SUl"eS. Outsine of the
walls of tile union we a·l·e I>till trade
[March
unionists, and are equally· stockholders
in our suffrages as citizens of, the United
States, and are bound to wrest from the
hands of individualistic monopolies those
functions that of right belong t-a·the -cor-
porate body of citizens.
Resolutions must be followed by reso-
lution. The esprit de corps must be'
itimulated. False leaders and·all men
who trade their birthright of ·unionism
for the mess of pottage of pOlitical pelf
must be relegated to the rear, The·war'
for the emancipationof.lubor is now on,
'Ve cannot win by making faces at each
other, or at the enemy, or by platf.orm
denunciation. We have written plat-
forms, amended constitutions and adopt-
ed resolutions. We have cried out, "agi-
tate, educate and organize," aDd all·this
has been well, but now·we must learn as
well as teach. We must sacrifice our
time, money, and, harder still,· our pe-
culiar fads, and join hands with all who
will help in the struggle for industrial
liberty.
My faith is unsbaken-yes, grows
stronger as years roll on.
I may not llve to see the day, .
But earth wlll glisten in the I':,iy :.'
Of the good time coming.· ,
God grant ·that day may come ill peace, .
liS it most assur.ed.ly will, unless, intoxi-
cated with )lower, the plutocracy· and
aristocracy of wealth shall commit the
final overt act in their conspiracy
against Hberty.-American Federation-
ist. .
ST. LOUIS NOTES.
The M. S. Carter Company; general
contractors for the Holland Building,
are doiug the electrical wo*'th~uiselve8,
under the superviSion of Walter Ennes,
fOI'merly bookkeeper for the\Vestel'll
EleC'tric Company. Alex. Ogilyie, asijs-
IJended member of Union N·o. l~was em-
ployed as foreman, and work was stnrt- .
ed with nen·unlon men at 50 cents per
day below our scale. A halt was caned
by the Building Trades Council. At
present the electrical work is at a stand-
still. \Ve are In hopes, h()wever, thilt
the Carter Construction Company wiIi
recognize our union ana nnish the work
with union men. If the Carter Company
intends to fight, it will be a fight to the
finish, for the principle Involved in tbis
Il3rticular·fight cannot ·be compromised.
The committee apPOinted by the union
to dl'll w up a contract and have it signed
by the contractors, reports that they
have been courteously received hy all
the contractors of the city, and do not.
anticipate much trouble in haviug· the
agreement signed by every eoritf'uctor in
of the cOlltl'llctors have signed the
a~reeDlent, and there wil! be a meeting
on March .13, at which all contractors
will be present, and it is ,exnected·. tbat
those who have not yetsig-iied on' ac- '
count of a few minor points that they
want to discuss, will ~ign at this meet·
ing, and the agreement will go into effect
April 1. This will then make St. I.ouis
athorougbly union city as far liS tlle
cc>ntractors and Journeymen will be ben-
efifl'd when the present cut·throat metli·
ods nre ended.
ThE.' Kinloch Telephone Compllny has
stnrted lnyillg .couduits. The firSt work.
of course, is all done by laborers, and
it will be some time before om linpmen
can expect any work from the Kinloch'
 March]
(Jompany. Tll~ other companies In the
city Ilre doing no new work, and have
T'ery small forces on repair work; only
Just enough to keep the plants running
and lines up.
Inside work has not yet opened up.
This, has been th(' dullest winter ever
known in the e1~trical business in St.
Louis, and we can oO'er no inducement
tor tr.av('Jing _members t().-come.this way,
fnr, . should there be a little revival of
work in the early spring, there are
1 enough men here who have been idle
since before the election last November
I to handle it with ease.
T..ast summer, when Al~xander L.
OA'i1vie was out of· work and 'wanted the
' Bl·O. Durkin was with an Edison gang
assistance of the union and union me'n,
he put in his application and was duly
eleeted to membersllip. Through the in-
tlu(>nee of one of our members, he se-
('ured n. good position in the South in-
stalling a plant, which kept him steadily
at work for five or six months. When
he returned to the city he was some
Ulnnths in arrears for dues, but instead
of thnnking the union or union men for
I wllu.t ihey had done for him and set-
tlln~ up his dues, he branched out as a
full-fledged scab for U. S. Carter & Co.,
I and gives it as his expert opinion that
putting up conduits is not part of the
I eleetric,'al bU!'iness, and that it is not
wurth more thlln $2 a day to do that
closs of work. Mr. Ogilvie has been on
I hili ,uppers in the past, and may be
again, sooner than he expects, and will
roe the day that he traded his union
principJcr; fO.r a pot of porridge.
,,"'HAT THE T~ADES UNION IS DOING.
I It is the trade union which is bringieg
tile laborers together, teaching them to
!. know each other, aud to learn their com-
mon iuterest.
It is tile trade union which is advising
the means of practical advance, obtain-
I ing higher wages, reductions of hours of
labor,or checking the pressure of cor-
porate greed upon the weak and help-
less. ' tllnt oh!'tncle, and our short ('ir'cuits are
It is the trade union which is carrying
on the agitation of great socia! reforms,
originating legislation in bchalf of the
masses, and providing the means f.gr dls-
tinguislling the friends and the enemies
of labor among legislators.
In the face of these facts, measured as
a test of value, the true unionist can
afford to "let the heathen rave," and the
followers of viSionary theories claim the
superior efficacy of their ideas.
Let destructionists try to tear down
this work If they wiIi-let small minds
sneer and mean minds revile-the trade
union needs no apology but its own
achievement, no defense but the con-
tlnuance of the work it has nobly inaugu-
rated and carried on.-Ashland Appenl.
THERE,' NOW, YOU KNOW ALL
, ABOUT IT.
Apergy is the name of the "force"
clulmed for tile Keeley motor. It is
thus defined: "It is obtuined by simply
blending negative ann positive electricl-
t~, with eleett'iclty of the thh'd element,
01' sta te, und by charging a body suffi-
ciently with this fluid, gmvitation is
partly reversed, and the earth repels-the
body with the saDIe 01' greater power
than that with which it formerly at-
tracted it, so thnt it may be caused to
lIIove away into space."-Progrcss of the
World.
THE ELECTRICAl. WORKER.
FROJ\t1 OUR UNIONS.
=:--<.-:-.~~.:7'=~ -----:.:--.. .........:---=.=
:NO. ONE'S HERO.
Editor "Electrical 'Vorker":
As OUl' Press Secret:1ry has found
lIothing to write about tbis month, a~l(}w
me to contribute a few lines.
I have noticed in recent isslles of the
"'Worker" thnt .several Press Secretaries
mention heroes who are members of
their respective unIons. We, too, can
boast of :I., hero in the person of our
President, M. L. Durkin.
ilt Eigbteenth and Gratiot streets. John
~r cGinness,- a nOll-union lineman, started
Ill> a sixty-foot pole, and as he reached
the Cl'oss-arm on which the electric light
wires are strung, there was It flash of
lightning, and he received a sh().Ck which
h",ld him to the wires. Br(). Givan
jel'kc,d him lo(}se from the wires, but
was unable to hold the weight of his
hotly. and he dashed head-foremost to-
wal'ds the gmnite street, and those who
saw hit:J fall shuddered to think of the
awful death that awaited him. But our
hero rushed to the foot of the pole, and
bl'llcinb himself, broke the force of th~
fnll, so that McGinness 'was not badly
injur·ed. I may add that some non-
union men who were present, made no
cffort to save their companion, apparent-
ly heing incapable of action, and if it
were not for onr heroic PreSident, there
would have been another death for the
Coroner to invt'stigate. YRAM.
UNION NO.2, MILWAUKEE, WIS.
For the last few months local union
No.2 has been very neglectful in writ-
ing to the "'ol'ker, but froll) now on I as-
sure you that we will always be found
In our regular space, and with some good
words of cheer. No douht" you know of
our hard struggle during the strike that
hns l>l'eT'ailed here since the 4th day of
May Inst. We are steadily oT'el'colllin;;
steatlil~' being cleared up. Circumstan-
ces made it necessary for us to take a
sma Her hall, but from tllp "'ay they callie
in at our meeting last Fritlay night, we
will be duty bound tl) move U1) one flight
where we can hold all that we formerh-
had. We, No.2; cnn be thankful to the
Building Trades' Council of l\filwaukee
for giving us its assistance and aiding
us in aU manner possihle. 'Ve will hold
our fourth annual masquerade haIl
March 6, and I assure yon we will not do
things by halve.:. because everybody is
with us, and heartily indorse <1111' course.
WI)l'k here Is very quiet at pr~sent, but
the spring outlook is very bright.
ClIAS. A. HERMAN, Press Secy.
FNION NO.6, SAN FRANCISCO, CAL.
Local No.6 held its second annual ball
at Odd Fe-Uows' Hall F'ehruary 6, lS9i.
It was a grand success. A fentnre of the
affair was. the electricnl display, I)ver
2,000 incandescent lights being used in
~lecoratin~ the ball room. On the stage
III large globes wt!rp. the initials of the
BI'otherhood. At each side ",el'e forked
lightning; in rile centel' was a lar:;:e em-
blematic blltton, over whirl} WilS ii. lal'ge
/!'Iobe; on tOll of it was a lnrge e~gle,
fr'om the ned~ of which Inmg :l 8tl'in:::- .)f
tiny lamps reo('bing to two Ameri('nn
flugs. In tht! center of the ceiling was
9
n. st:!r inclosed in a circle, from which
radiateil sixteen etreamers of garlands
studded with different colored incandes-
cent lights. The !;:lUery was Similarly
illuminated, but the grandest feature of
the evening was the beautiful moon,
which was only used for the ,pale moon-
Iigbt effect for the moonlight dances,
when aU the other lights WE'rE' put out.
The pcople went into raptures over the
beautiful effect of the pale mrs; and in
tlleir ecstasy, cl'ied aloud, ·~It is a real
airship," but it w~ only the moon. The
gl'llnd march was led by A. C_ Johnson,
our president, and Miss C. L. Kirly.
:;\IissKirly is It most charming young
lady, nnd was a handsome slght'to be-
hold.
Bro. Black has been in town for about
two weeks, but left for Honolulu to sl10w
with l!. -vitascope, where he will remain
ahout n month. I hope Biack won't lose
hili beal·t to some of tile bluck girls down
on the ililands, but thero is no telling
110'" a man might get t.'ln:;led up with
some of those Hulu-hulu girls.
The electrical business is T'ery slow
hel'e at present.
E. RUSH, Press Secretary.
UNION NO_ 7, SPRINGFIELD, MASS.
I wus elected, last month, t.o fill the'
office of Press Secretary, and will try
to find more to write' about tllan my
predecesllor_ I suppose the readers of
the .TO{;RNAL think No.7 has gone out
of eXistence, but I .'lm pleased to state
f;uch ls not the case. 'Ve are stronger
now in number and financially thnn.we
have been since wpo orgllDized and are
taking in from three to fiT'e new mem-
bel'S 011 each mE'eting night, and will
lJave this city well organized In a short.
time.
On Ft'o. 17th we Invited Bro. E.eol-
Yin, of the Execu(ive Board, and opened
tlre meeting to ex-members to listen to
Bro. Colvin on unionism, and I expect
tl) see all ex-members' namps on the
roll of honor before April 1st. ~'oo much
cannot be said of Bro. Colvin as an or-
ganizer, and No.7 wishes him success
in his efforts in neighboring' cities; Af-'
ter the meeting we adjournett to Hotel
Chandler to a banquet, and the way the
turkey and otller good things disappear-
ed went to show that there are no dis-
peptiCs in No.7. .,
1\1 •. FARRELL,
Press Secretary.
UNION NO. 0, CHICAGO, ILL.
The brother f1'nm Butte Raid it was so
quiet over in H;elenll. the dogs Ilave quit
barking. Such is not only the case in
ClIic:1go, but the cats have quit fighting.
so that anyone with a clear c.mscience
can now sleep in Chicago I1t ni,!!'ht with-
out their lleaceful sJllmbN'q being dis--
turbcd. '1'he thugs and pi('ltpot'l~ets are
dOing some .sldrmishing, but -thepoHce
have to kill a man themselves occa!'ion-
aUy 10 get up sOllie excitement. which
thl'y do successfully ('ycry few duys. The
Chief of Police of Chicago, Badenock by
name, should be bad enol1~h without
making su('11 a b~·eak. He snid a family
of five eould live on 15 cents a <1aJ" in
thc~e 11111'(1 times, bllt Ire, with his salary
of ::;aoo 01- more pel' month, judging from
his p:l.Uch, could 1I0t buy beefsteak
enolll!'h for ] 5 cents to till the smallest
cl'cylc~ in the northwest eorner of his
stomach for .Olll.! llll"ll. Snell are the
 10
stUrs workJngmen put In office, or help
put In office, I should say. They would
have you live and support a family of
five on 15 cents per day.
With the electrical business in Chicago
It Is the old chestnut~nothing doing. The
chestnut Is getting hard to crack. but
I thfnk we will have to stay a while with
It yet. The Chicago City Ry. is working
their men half time again. The light
companies are ata standstill. and all
there Is In sight Is talk of doing that
work In tlle spring tliey were going to
do Immediately. after :McKinley was
elected last November...
Bro. Latham, don·t YOlf..feel guilty now.
after howling so much on McKinley's
prosperity. There Is no sane man but
can see that things hav.e gone from bad
to·,.worse, and still on the down" hfll
grade: If you ·who are constantly howl-
Ing at your Western brothers w11l show
us one place on the geography of the
United States where prosperity has
shown Itself, we will show you thous-
ands where it went with the ground hog
.Intolts hole and pulled the hole in after
it. and It promised faithfully before re-
tiring never to return under a gold stand-
ard administration. As Bro. Hatt said,
don't say to me· wait. It was to come
at once. Has It come? Oh. ye of great
faith, how your stomachs are shrlnklng.
as well as those of little faith.
I am .glad to hear ot two new babies
being born luto this :;rand body of elec-
""'-d ......
......... l
cJ.,& ~". ...1,.1.It!.. C!I
.,.v........ "' .. ..,. Tu,-"t-
...................
u~...,.
ell. Combln~d. they nlake a pretty
name. but I lmrdly know bow they are
go.ing to. agree ·on{'conomicS. Waco. born
of sUver' parents,. will be. proud of Its
ancestors as It grows older. Success to
you, ba.bles, may you live long and en-
joy life's greatest blessings in your old
age.
. Now, No. 61, I fecI proud of you. I
saw In the Grand Secretary's report
wbere you bad increased your number,
and as I was a cbarter member of No.
61, I am proud to say it was the first 10-
.cal of tbe N. B. organized on the Pacitlc
Coast. I feel proud of your success,
and wllb .Bra. Lofthouse. .as P.r.ess Secy...
I know we ·wln hear something from No.
61 each month through the Worker, as
Bro_ Lofthouse Is an earnest worker for
the C8\1S£ of unionism. I will also say
thts is tnle of Bro. OIDlstead. There
never was a truer Union man than Jack,
even to the buttons on his clothes; If
you examine them. you will finlt them
. union made. If he had but 10 cents
you could have it all it he thought you
needed It, and. I am sory to hear tbat
'he Is out of employment so much, as
there never was a more willing man
to do bis share of the work than Bro.
Olmstead. You will. neyer find him
shirking his duty in any' capacity. Now,
about my card. Bro. Lofthouse. I depos-
I
I' Ited it In NQ. 9 ~bout June 10, 1896, and
I the Rec.. Secy. tells me he sent the cou-
i pon to No. 61 himself. so It must have
been lost in the malls. I am sorry it
did not i'each you.
Now, about O. H. BUdd, who did the
dirty work in Wisconsin by jumping. bis
board bill, etc. He was· at· ODe time a
member of No.9, but was suspended
early in' 1896 for non·payment. of' dues.
so he was not at that time. nor is he now
a membel' of No.9.' A man that will
jump his board bill. the only thing tbut
keeps life in bis miserable carcass, in my
estimation, would steal DickIes out of
THE ELECTRICAL WORKER. [March
a blind Inml'IJ bat on the s!ri!p.t cornel". Mr. Degro is undoubtedly a star of local
Will :.lSI) Bay thnt Budd, wit1l0ut tbe taient, and his presence w111 be'apleas-
knowledge of No.9. came to Chim.;o and ure to all boys of No. 17 at all of our fu-
went to work. for a. company here. but ture smokers. Next. two finely rendered
as soon as they read toe Joumnl. they mad olin and guitar selections .by Messrs.
tied a can to him, and I don't think the Wilkinson. Brown and McClure were r~
stl'ing is broken yet luChi<:ago. ceived with great applause.. Next'a step
I WIIS pleased to read tac leiter from dance and song. called "Sash Mula... · by
Mrs. Mae C. Post of Granu Rapids. Mr. L. Jacob. Mr. Jacob won the boys
Mich., in our Inst journal. Come ngain. from the start, and his songs and dances
Mr!:l. Post, tell us the secrets; we will came tbick and fast. As a step daneer
be ·attentive listeners, and will glady he will mnk well with the ."profesh."
welcome you Into tile fold; as :the editor We then gave way fo'r 15 or 20 IDinutes
said let us hear from more of our sisters. to the enjoyments of tbe inner man. Good
I am giad to see !;;o many of our local8 beer. sandwiches, and pickles galore
represented in tbe Jr.!!t Journal. r. .et us were served by members and enjoyed by
hear from tilore of them. Wake up broth- all. We opened the second part of the
ers. Come down from the gallery and programme with a song from:Y'Our scrilJe
t;ake a seat in the pa,rquet.· . The ladies entitled "Better Than Gold," or "An
won't bother you 'DOW ·tljat they can't Hour in a Pullman Palace Smoker." Then
wear their hats'Q:tt)1c theater in Chica- a song arid dance by special request by
go~ . . Mr. William Hea.)y. By special re-
. Bro. Henry Hatt has gone to Arka.nsas quest, Bro. Conus saug "My Honey Boy,"
to fight Dlosqwtoes and w.atl!h the little and as a ·burnt cork artist he has ·not a
plckaninny eat pie ilnd 'possum; "O'way. peer. As we had no printed progrnmmes
fom he'ab. chile. Foh 'de Lf)'wd I shoot I have not been able to get a complete
shoot you. '. list of those who kindly aided at our en-
Good luck to you, Bro. Hatt. May sue- tertainment. any of tbe gentlemen wbose
cp~s crown your efl'()rt~. names I have failed t~l mention will
The brother from' No. ~['i, W_ H. Kelly, please excus.e me. I am afraid you will
says where are our or;rllDizers? Bro. think as a reporter I am not a succest!.
Kelly. i·f you will notice the TPport of our I would recommend most cheerfully
Gr-..tnd Officers:, the organizers hilve been an entertainment of tbis kind to any of
all ·in the Enst.. Notice, Bro. O. Neal's our smaller locals, and If well conducted
exoense at Philadelphia; Bro. C-olvln or- with backing of a good committee,. you
~m!lized bahyLowell~- Bro. Lynch. what will be more than repaiil fot· yow' time
+hlnt.- , "'ann.
.... _."'.., T
_ .nU1_
.... . (!!dyon O!"lnt1lize? I think, 31' Sro. Kelly and expense with appUcat!oIH'.! for· mem-
of No. 4iJsnys. It would be well to dig bership. Applications on file for mem-
up 'the cities mentitmed by him. Tbere bership in No. 17 Feu. 16 W!'IS 14.
mulrt be some kinltof ,a disease prevalent -G. H; BEAMER, rress Secy.
there. which neens a consulting physi-
cian to prescnbe f(lr. Perhaps they could
do sometblng for thew. »iil some one LOCAL- UNION.MINN. NO. 25, 'D'£JLuTH,
- .
try? A.. McF~RLaN~, Press Secy.
...," " . Once again Duluth wlll be reI;lresented
In the "Worker." For the {last sIx
UNION ~O. 17,:DETROIT; ~~CH.
~" . -
montlls, Bro. E. J. Meagher was the ex-
Local Union No. jr, Is as progressive as cuse for Press Secretary. Bro. Meagher
ever. and we intend to keeP on,and all Is an able writer, and the rneml:!ers of
pull together.; 'We gave our secr-nel open the Brotherhood have noth:~ed for' the
meeting and smoker Feb. 16. and it was past six months how ably No .. 25 has
mostly attemleq by gentlemen of our been represented (nit). If it hall not
craft. Om' programme was {to use a been that Eddie had so many windows
smng phrase), "out ,pf sight." For the to look after on East Flrstsireet, we
benefit of locals that have never had an might have heard from him at least once
entertainment of· this kind, I take great in his tel·Dl. Your humble.'servant will
plemmre ·in describing- the one given by try and do a little better in the future
No. 17. Meeting cailed to order. Pres- tban has. been done in tbe past.
ident Donovan in chuir. . Roll call·of offi- Business is at a standstill in our city,
cers; reading of minutes and a good idea and there nre but very tew of ~he bl,'oth·
of the way ·our regular meetings are con- ers working. The L. K. Comstock <kim-
dUcted; the. above mentioned occupying pany of ChicaA'o made an assignwent on
about 20 minutes. - "President Donovan February 3. They have a big job in D1,l-
called Bro. Forbes. cbairmnn of Enter- luth undei' construction-the .Fowler
tainment Committee. to t4e chair, and Block. Some· of tlJe brotbers that were
turned the meeting over ·tohim. Bro. working there felt a little uneasy at.first,
Forbes spoke about- ten minutti!' on the but it turneG out all O. K ....., .
object of U~f' meeting, and hi!' speech On January 20 last something a liUle
was n red h.otone, es~cially ",!:Iell relat- out of the unusual happened in Duluth
iug to delinquent llle.ul/J"rs. lIllIl 'we sin- among the electric:ll wOl'kc!'"~, Ero; J .. D.
cerely hope they will take hit: timely ad- Hayes. our worthy past president. and
vic_e and climb into ,the baud wagon l\1i!.'s Bertha Grumpman were united In
ti~ain witn the rest of us. The opening marriage. The ceremoilY was witnessed
of the lighipart o(-the pro~nmme was by a lan~e number of fi'lends of the con-
made by Btt(). ElIswcrtb, Withi~ ut:autiful tracting parties. Atter tbe ceremony a
sling. .-call<!d ",!,Jlle.·ica·s :;:nc~ease ill wedding breakfast was served at the
Cri.:me," ~ith a guitui' a.:c<>mpauiment, home of the bride. at whicb It large num-
raid' a m(jrfJ !lI'fJropri!!te seie':tron· for a be!' of tbe bi'others participatM. All the
l~bor meeting wou!d be h:n-.d: to find. brothers extend congrntuJatinns and best
Next'- achar:H:ter .~9ng._by Mr. :Degro, wishes to the young people. 1 will lay.
ea!ied "Tile Ellsi Sid;; ~h£Bl;.ey:s Ball," my spurs nway; it is twenty beloW zero.
and to ~llY lle brought the: house down F .. A. SCHULTE, Press Secrctal;Y.
w(JulU l'e Imtting .itmUdly. ~e kindly
responued to an eneorl! with <invtb~r, en- ll. & O. S. W. train No. iJ the other
titkd, "Tlio -Sbeeney's Cloth inti Store." day ran'168 miles in 170 minut-es.
 ·THE .ltLECTRICAL WORKER. 11

UNION NO. 26, WASmNGTON, D. C. ing my first letter, .you will bave to ex- of rebuilding and extending lines, etc.,
Once more this union is in mourning. cuse me ·l(my. llgl;it is not ujLbright':38 and in operating the plant would, em-
Joe Woodworth, who has for many other writers for ·the Worker. .
Work il! slack in' Sacramento just now,
ploy just about the same number of men
years been an able electrician, a good as at present. . .
but the boys of ~o. 36 cannot complain We also have a new construction com-
union .man and'a hllie fellow well met, as nearly all of them are working. .\. pany in town, j\Iessrs. Stuart & Hughes.
has gone to make peace with his Maker. number of the boys went to San Fran- Good luck to them. nnd may they pros-
He leaves a noble wife, five beautiful cisco on the 6th of last mouth to attend pN· in business. As President McKin-
children, fifty-five union brothers, and :\ the ball given by our sister lodge, No. G. ley now has his seat. let the good, pros-
host of frIelJds to mourn his loss. Joe They. aU. report having a goodtim9 find perous times, promised, come, so' that
WllS well liked by aU 'who knew hIm, for
i he was a. gentleman in all his actions,
the ball a success, and give the boys of
No.6 great praise; also greatly admired
we can all have work and money, and
enjoy life, fot' we have had hard sliding
I and the first man has yet to cast a stone the electrical. display.
at his fault and weakness. None of us for tl long time.
Sacramento .boasts of': three electric W. C. SNODGRASS,Press Secretary.
are perfect. He was taken sick Wednes- plants and two telephone companies. 'I'he·
I day, January 20, and after eleven days city was talking very strongly of build-
of suffering with a severe; attack of ing its own plant for city lighting, think- UNION NO. 44, ROCHESTER, N. Y.
pneumonia, he breathed his last. May ing it would be cheaper, but it has since I am not going to take up much of the
all be peace with you now, kind friend been decided to give the lighting to the
I snd brother. It was with bowed heads Folsom Power Co., same as heretofore.
"Worker's" space with my letter, as
there is not much news to tell, except
nnd .sori·owfulhearts that a few mem- We intend to give a picniC this spring tliat No. 44 is still in the land of the liv-
I bers gathered at the hall Saturday night and expect to make it the picnic of the
to perfect ..the necessary arrangements season.
relative to laying away another brother. There has been another lineman killed
ing and holding her own, I guess, with
any of them. The boys arc all well at
present, and are all working, although
During the short session, the charter was here, making the third in about six
I . odered ~aped for the fourth time since months. This time a young man about
itw<1s hung in its present place, on the 27 years of age, named Ft'ed Stutz. He
15th d:l.y of last April. Committees
there Is not much work to do; but it is a
well-known fact that a: very little work
will bst a very long time, if necessary•.
was in the employ of the South Yuba
I were appointed to assist the family; to Co., aud met with a violent and sudden
draft reF.olutions, and to attend the death on Feb. 24th, while employed with
funeral. Nearly thirty dollars was other linemen in running au electric
I notice, according to Bro. Kelly's let-
ter in the January ""Torker," that Local
45 must have as members some childt·en.
\ rais<,d by donations for the immediate wire down an alley between J and K and slI!all children, at that, to whom a
r~lIef of the !!or:'Owing wife and chil- streets.. Stutz W!lS on top of the pole trip out of their native burg without Ii
I dren.
The trade this week promises to be
splicing a wire, when his companions
were horrified to see him drop to the
chaperon 01:_ guurdian is dltngerous, as
it gi.es them a case of swelled head.
I much better, and from the outlook it is ground, and when they rushed to his
thought that the men who have so 19n9 . assistance, found him dead. Two large
I explained in my first letter to the
"\Yorker" the reason that the Press Sec·
retary at that time did not do justice to
been on half time will once more be able burus in the middle of his hand indi-
I to get in a full week and a full pay. cated the cause of death, two t11o\\s:1nd
. John R. Galloway, who was the suc" volts of alternating current b:1ving
the 0:111, aud that would cover the omis-
sion ot the fact that some of the mem-
bers of 45 hnd attended it. It is a. well-
cessful bidder. for illuminating the hall passed through his bOlly. He was ;1 good
for the inaugural ball, wiIl start that lineman, and had been accustomed to kno • .-n fa'~t that a new broom sweeps
1 work, and as was naturally to be ex- wearing rubber gloves, but as it W!lS a clean, dnd if the new bl'Ooms did not
~et anything worse than'Cu,pld's darts
pected, tte successful bidder would not warm day, he did IlGt 'bave them ou. He
was at one time a member of No. 36, in their breasts they will recover, I
I only have that work, but would be de-
luged with other work as well. Nothing but at the time or death was in roor
standing, having become delinquent. He
guess, all right. Well, as Bro. :z.r~lly
teels sorry, and as I accept his invitation
succeeds like success.
I C. Schneider's Sons is the next busiest and
firm. They have so far been able not mainsthat
was also a member of the. I. O. O. F.
order took charge of his re-
and shipped' them to Si8S011S,
to call upon him at ttome near futl1re
date, we will let it blow o.er and take
It up·when we meet. .
I .only to keep all of their old hands on
at full time, but have been working one side. Shasta. Co., Cal., where his parents re- FRANK GRAHAl'I, Pres~ Secretary.
and sometimes two extra men. I think the Union a. grand thing for
Ex~brotber Jack Lloyd, who has just the boys, and am sorry so many of them UNION NO. 48, FT. WAYNE, IND.
'completed wiring the National Hotel, is are so careless about paying up their As we are.away from No. 48, and only
still busJ working one or two helpers dues and let themselves go delinquent. a few days ago received our Workers,
running lights into the adjacent stOrE'S R. A. FISK, and as we notice our Press Seey. hasn't
around the hotel. Press Secretary. had any letter in the Worker lately, and
Royce & Mareau report having closed as we huve a little spare time, we
the coutracts for several quite large thought we would break the-ice, and let
jobs, but It will be several weeks before UNION NO. 40, ST. JOSEPH, 1\10. it be known that No. 48 is slightly dis-
they !Ire ready for the workmen. As I did not gct anything in the last 1igured but still in the ring. Bro. Dan
. No. 26 has been honored by adding to "Worker," I will try and get to the front Binkley callie in the other day like he
Its membership several linemen. We are this month. We are proud to say that always comes in, on the hummer, and
glad of this, and hold out a welcoming No. 40 is adding new mcmbers right left with Foreman Krauss for Kendall-
.hand to all of them. There is a goodly along. We give them a hot reception ville, together. with several of the boys,
number of linemen in this city who when they come in, so that they will and reports that he has the only pebble
might bury the hatchet and come into get out and bring in others to get even, 011 the beach, but Bro. Criger says he
our castle halls and smoke the pipe of and in this way we al ways have a good isn't so hot. Some <:It the boys are not
peace with us. We ha~e the pipe aI- house each meeting-. worl;:ing at present, bllt expects thiIlgs
rt!ady filled with choicest Havana await- The Telephone aud Light Company will he O. K. in a few day!!'.
ing their coming; the bars are down; seem to do a good, steady business, and "Ve learn that Bro. McAfee <:ame very
our llltch string is out, and a comforta- all the boys are working: The St. Jo- neal" 10l!ing his life the ot11el· day. Duriui;.
ble ehalr In a cosy corner llwaits all whe· !'cph Light, Heat nnd Power Company high water at Fort 'Wayne he was tying
will come in and share our hospitality. llflS made a proposition to purchase the some wagons that the watt'l" was about
M. O. SPRING, Press.-Secy. .i/ city electric light plant. '.rhe City to take a way to tre(·s, and, . Iosing his
1I Council is now considering the proposi- footinp-, fe11lnto the I·iver. Had it not
tion. I do not know how they will con- been for prompt aetion of friends, Bro.
UNION NO. 30, SACRAMENTO, CAL. sider it, but, for myself, I thillk it would :\fcAfee would be uo more, bllt his pal
Having been elected Press Secretary' be a good thing for the city to sell the says he wIll be all right in n few days.
at our last election, and having failed plant to the railway and light company, We nrc rebulldin~ the Home '.rei. Co.
. to have a letter In the February issue, as I think the city could get the street plant here, and the job is good for two
the boys of No. 36 promised me such a lighting done cheaper than :1t present. months at least. or rnther until tte blue
shock as I never got before if I negiect One thln~, if the I•. , H. and P. Cli. g-:t birds come again. 'Voltre nil satistiell
to represent them In the March number. the city plant, it would m,ke cl~tl"lc llei·e, as we lw.ve a good boarding house,
Not being much of a scribe and this be- work good here for awhile, in the way and the landlord has fixed us a nice club
 12 .'rHE ELECTRICAL WORKER. [March

. room, full of nice reading mattcr. Who meeting a' quorum was not present,. so who Is large-hearted (yes, and large him-
could wish for more these hard times? . W'" c'luld d'l no business. and cl)uld say self), was about to lend him $20,,·but .on
We ha"e confidence now, and expect nothing for the Union, hut ho\,'~ to !:1tel·. second thought told him the best thing
prosperity in about four days (nit), says B;:t all tbe ufficers Ilud mmn'oe!'s present he could do was to stay home with his
Bro. Wlll Kraus. ask~d me teo thank the gentlemen who wife, as he was out of money,. with no
. _ As we have Inspected the circuit and kindly assisted andhpiped to make our prospect for work. But this didn't seem .
found It closed, we will now turn on the first ball a ~uccess, ~splX'inlly l\Illnnger to meet with Bro. Elliott's approval; He
juice BROTHERS· OF NO 48. Young of the People's Light Co., who came over to Davenport and saw 'Vil-
kindly aHowed us, that is, thc unem- son, tbe Postal Tel. Co.'s division man,
ployed boys, to use tile company's work- and inquired about a certuin foreman
UNION NO. 49, BLOOMINGTON, ILL. shl)p a·cd material; the Tri·City Electric. for that company, borrowed $5 from an-
Since my last letter, the firm of Lem- Construct!on Co., for material borrowed; other brother and went home, and that
ODS & Carlton, electrical contractors, has and l\lanager Mullen of the' pavenport was the last seen of him; but thefcl-
dissolved partnership. Both parties are , Power & Llgbt Co., who kindly. furnish- lowiug morning the whole ,trouble came
union men. Mr; Carlton has assumed ed the power for onr display; and of- out. He called up Bro. Baker, the. Cen-
the responsibilities of th~ aforesaid con- fered anything he lind we net>ded, and tral Union Tel. Co.'s Inspector, and ·told
cern, and can be found at the old stand. also sent a man to connect up and help him that he would never see him (El-
From Information at hand the num- finish work at thp. hail. TlJese gentle- liott) alive again. That he wasgo!ng'
ber ot electrical workers in this city will men have shown by their actions wbat . to drown himself in the dal'k, cold wat-
be"lc$sen¢d,as our former·:i.ssociate pole we. were much concerned to know, viz.: ers of the Mississippi River. . He lett
climber: Wm. Witty. IS to furnish a cer- b:tt they have respect for us as Union
men as long as we act as men, and I for
instructlons how to get Into his house, .
took three suits of clotbes and all his .
tain pubUcation of Chicago copy at 3
cents per llne. Luck to you, Bill, in your
n
one hone that no mew bel' ",iii ever for-
new venture. Anybody wishing a copy get that because he js a union Dian there
of the "Bulletin" free should call on or is ~U the more reaRon why he should be
tools and disappeared, presumably to the'
bottom of the icy river. They broke into
bis deserted home in the morning and
address Bl'O. 'Vm. C. Gorey, as I noticed honE'st and conscientious in th:lt he will found letters strewn around promiscu-
in a recent issue of asaid sheet somethin~ be noticed mlJre by -Lis emlJicyer. I have ously, some addressed to no one, a.ad
to that effect. The "Bulletin" is Is a hot noticed tbat occasionally a man thinks some to his wife. Those to his wife
tree sliver advocate, so dip in, boys. been use he has joined the UIiion he can were pathetic, indeed; y~s, and very pO-
I ta.ke great pleasure .in. announcing do as he pleases, I1nd can dictate to all etic, telling tales of scorned loye aud
Bro. Snyder's "Paper Wedding" on the rest of the. world. This is one of blighted hope. The others were a rejJe-
March 2'.2, 1897. Anything, from a paper the saddest mistakes' thate:an pcssibly tition of those to his wife, with a ll·ttle
of pins, to a paper car wheel, goes, so be made, for Unions are orgllnized to less poetry, disposing ot his household
I am told. _ elevate a h-a<1c or emit to abetter con- effects, which, by the way, the city au:
"Oh, what a tangled web we weave, dition, not only financlaliy; but al ..o mor- thorities are holding, awaiting insu'llC-
When: first we practice to deceive." ally, Ilild the mom!' condition regulates tions. In a day or two n telegram came
Or, hi other words, "the cat is out of the the financial, if I am right, which I be- here from Kansas City saying Geo. El-
bag." It happened thus: "Hello. Gime iieve I am. Then sometimes a man im- liott had written there ior work, and
No. 48. Is Butler there?" "Yes." "Hel- agines that to be n Union mnn Implies that he was at Decatur alive and well
lo. Iq this Butler?" "Yes." "Where that.h€' is c,wable.of :!nything, a:nd that· uftcr his chilly (fake) bath. Now, George,
will I unload: thiit cabbage?" "What he sbuuld know 'more than the "common be good, and don't give.. us another scare
cabbage?" "That load ot cabbage your hel'd," so to l"peuk. which is -another mis- like that, for we are troubled with heart
failure, -
wife ordered?" . "This is a mistake. I take, for I u,nye kn<Jwn men belonging to
ain not married." "Ain't you Jilhn But- tent Unions who were notcapabJe ol'compe- J. H. CLARK, Press Secy;
ler?" "Yes.'" "Don't you work for the men by any means, who. stin'~d up
Citizens Gas '. -& Electric Light Co?" much t;tl:ife, .. and made a gre::;t deal of UNION NO. 60, SAN ANTONIO: TEX.
"Yes." "Well, that's who it's·for." "'Vell, of trouble, CJlusi~g the "loss of large 3ums
this Is a mistake. I am not married." By DlonllY to the employed, as well as to Outside of the fact that in the Dil·cc-
this time aU the people in the office were . the employer. I 11(1pe we may always tory of Local Unions can be found the
"OD," and Butler got the laugh. I have be able to Uyoid trouble and bave the re- advertisement, or mention, of Local No.
every reason to helieve this is a joke, spect of the people who employ tiS, and GO, located at San Antonio, Tex., U. S; A.,
but I will ferret out the mystery and show 'the world gp.rterally that we ap- and giving the names of the Officers, lit-
repol1: later. predate fair tl·ea.tment, anll still. retain tle else of information can be gleaned
E. E. HIGGINS, Pl"CSS Secy. our self·respect. and manhood as free of that wonderfnl aggregation of ele-c-
men, and· not as slaves. trical luminaries whose personal make.-
I would like to heilr from o.th\!r PI'ess ups constitute No. 60's greatest worth
UNION NO. 52, DAVENPORT, IOWA. SeCretaries on this subject, for' I don't and interest. For some timc past, 'ow-
think the 'Worker is printed simply to ing to the fact that No. 60's Press Secy.
As my letter got in too late for publi- tell of the success of a certain ball, or to seems to have crawled into his hole and
cation last month, I wlll try again this cross swords. "As Union m!!n, let us be drawn it in after him, we have not been
time, earlier. bl'others, not politiCians. Of course we beard from, and consequently your read-
Our dance came off Feb. 20, and while must learn how to vote, but we can't Cl'S have had no means of knOWing just
It was not n S1lccess, it was by no means help nny one l)y hard names ot force, how No. 60 has been progressing. Wltb
a failure, for it netted n small amount. and force is one of tbe things we wanf an eXCiting election; with memb.crsof
Can't say just llow mucl),for all members to do awny with in such mattE:rs. all shades of political complexion, .de·
have not yet settled up. Our display Now, I want to gi'l"e you a little news. serving candidates ranging fl'om a Mary
was a sad disappointn1ent to many mem- I am not mnch at gossiping; those who Lease to a Tom Watson; with a good
bers on acount of its smallness, but the know me best 13aY I am of little 1lse at sprinkling of Bryan men amongst· us,
people. who came to see it were anythi:lg. Sorry, of course, but can't you can readily understand h()w bnrd
ple1\sedand· satisfied, nlthough I belT> it now. Too old. it was during such trying timeS to get a
must .8uy It looked cheap com- 13'1'0. ElIiott,a member of our Union, quorum. Well, we have passed through
pared to what the Quincy bl'others was mal'l'ied last fall to an operator in all this, and now my 'mission is to try
• gave,. as per desc.1'iption in the last Work- the Central Union Exchange nt Moline. :md apprise as best I can all of No. -OO's
er.. ' But WP. arc "cry young, have only a They wcnt to housekeepin~ in Rock friends who have made kindly inquiries
fe,v members, and are very, very poor, IsI'lud, nnd everything I!eemed to be go- . if wc were still in the land of ~he living,
and did the best, we possibly could un- ing as merry as wedding bells, for thnt we most emphatically are, and that
der the ·circumstances. . We .bave the Geol'ge showed up occ3sionllHy beaJlling we can be counted on to -be he:ll'd from,
merchants and business men to th:mk hnppiJy, nnd seemin): to grow longN' and pyen If some of Our big dogs don't play
for financial support 'by buying tickets, . larger tban CVCl', until recently,. whell hc in our back yard now. On last Thanks-
or otllerwisewe shoulll have a loss tu shows up onc d:J." with :lCar-eWOl'll ex- ;,:i\'illg eve, we gave a smok~r. It· was
make up, instf)11d of a little money abend, Ill'ession 011 his face; :llld on bein::; II1ICS- all right, and with an orchestm the fin-
for the attendance 'was small, whicb ·tionetl said his wift'·hnd ;;OliC hOlll~ Sick, est the committee could for money ob-
was not- to be wonl'lcred at, so mnny :wel that his sistel' wns elyiil~ in Deca- tnin, nd\'antageously placer} out of -siJ'ht,
dances coming in a bunch. One thiil:; tur: thnt he w:\!; out of wor,k and wnnted lIot of sound. behind the instruction
I regret vel'Y mUCh, is that at our last to borNw a little meney. Our .pl'l!Sident, blackbourd, which under the ·glare of the
 •

March). THE ELEcTRICAL WORKER. 13

electrlcs showed Its little service, amI :1«ulrs. We· took in one new member, Huff is· again at work, nftel' being laid
which bore this strange legend inscribell alld hlln~ out sc\'eml apIlliclitions, whif'h UI) with the la gl'ippe. Bro. Yinll thought
on its black background: "Don't spit on will menu ISP,'er:\! new memhers. Neal'ly pf.'rhaps a tl'ip back toehildhood days
tbefioor." As No. GO is an association nil tile memb{'('s are ·worklug, and we would benefit him, but alas, it was any-
of gentlemen only, thIs is . readily under- have given employment to eight or tell thing but pleasant; Charles has just re-
I stood to be non-applicable to us, and es- I'oller CI)Il!;!t~I'S this ",intel' wh.) wel'e co,-er('(} . fl'Ow a two weeks' illness-
pecially directeel to the notice of the heaf.ling for everywhere l,ut Chicago ano mumps. Bro. Yearsley, who has been
other unions which use the same hall. the North and cold weather. nursing a touch of the Ia grippe, Is again
I No. 60's members to a man refl'ain from
the,use of tobacco In our dearly beloved
As this is my fil'stleHI'I". I hope it's all
i'h:ht,U not, why, it's all 'right 'anyway,
loaded tor duty. This was not the worst
of it, tot' when he reported for duty he
J meeting place, but we do sometimes rush I'll sail under a nom de plume, I al- was told his place h:td been filled. This
tbe can, or rather have the keg sent up lei'S hankered aftel' one of them thar was done by the Los Angeles Light Co.
I to us, and we have several brothers who plumes, so here goes. C. P. LOFTHOUSE,
Ilre experts at drawing the fragrant brew . NONDESCRIPT. Press Secretary.
I , of Gambrinus. Well, as I said before,
we gave the smoker, which, by the way,
was to be in lieu of our annual ball, and UNION NO. 01, LOS ANGELES, CAJ~. UNION NO. 67, QUINCY, ILL.
the 'ball was gay with OUl' revelry. The . It requires somewhat of an effort on One more spark fl'om No. (ii. EYers-
\ orchestra was banked behind the black- my part -to wI'ite something of intel'est bof.ly Is still elijoylng good health, so far
board, and from behind which sueh en- to t.i1e bors in gener'll, as in the country as we can learn. Tl1Cl'e has been :gome
trancing music was wafted that before in which we lin~ nothing of an excitable change since our last letter. Bro. Ed-
I long all hands were waltzing. Such stag nnture occurs but Oll.C'~ in u. lifetime. I
dancing; never was there such a variety
of steps, The most famous dancing mas-
pI'eSllme you all knuw that our city is
known hy the, name "City of the All-
die Nessler has been appointed nec.
::leey. to till the vacancy caused by the
dcath of our late BI·o. S. L. Pevehouse.
I·, ter could not conceIve them all. Well, gl'll's." I want to say right here, if the Last meeting night was his til'St nlghl
we had all manner of amusements, from glol'i1ied Angeles in the world unseen on duty, but he is to be congratulated.
speech making to prize fighting,. and as nre to be cOUJpared with those of our city us l1e pC"l'formed the dutle,s of his office

I we ,only bad siX rattling four-round then you who have unintentionally
matches, you all know we had something sworn in seven different, languages be-
before us to interest us. Instead of II. cause the circuit upon which you were
smoker, ,we missed it in not selling tick- \vol'king was suddenly closed without
with 'Jislutch .and credit. ' 'Ve added
l'llIothel' light to OUl' circuit at last meet-
iug, nud considered another application,
but ther'a llr(! still a few hanger boards
\ ets'to a sporting carnival, for such it due notice, may console yourselves that left, so we can put on as many more as
I was. 'We had athletes of all kinds. No. it Is much more comfortable and safcr
60 has quite a number of active mem- to be under thc imlllediate control of
we have a chance to test, and there. are
others in our city whom we would . like
bers, .and I don't' believe they could be His Satanic Majesty than otherwise, very much to connect with our circuit.
I much,lmproved on by profeSSionals. 'Ve Xow this by no nleans infers that you
had all kinds ot, refreshments, and the must court the aforesnid gentleman, but
Push and energy will perhups get them
sooner or !ater, Our little union seems

I leadIng officers of the various electrical on the contl"Ury, at all times live up to
concerns graced the occasion with their the Golden Rule.
presence and good fellowship, and the I often think how little attention Is
to be getting down to business now in
the right munner. Some of tlte boys had
a chill last meeting. .,
! evening was voted a grand Iiluccess by
all. except the bruised gladiators.
paid to the vow which we took on jein~
lug this noble Brothcrhood. L~t us oue
Our annual ball, which was deferred and all from thl!~.,on endea-;-or to do as
Bro. IIl:'nry Korten is. again in OUI'
Illidst. Henry is a strong union man, and
an 0, K. lineman. There nre u few
until Valentine e\-e, will soon bea thing we would be doneuy. Do not insult nor linemen hf;!re working for the Bell Tel.
I ot the past, I shall give a description deride fL Ulan of (lur craft sinlpl~' becausc
of it in the next Worker It wIll be onc he refuses to join us <it tht! til'~t invita-
Co. whom we willtl',f to get llitu thl!
ullion soon. >

I of the grandest affairs No. 60 has ever tion. He can be reached wllen the prop-
undertaken.: Stupendous in Its magni- el' season arl'ives, and whcn we llnve
tude, the committee of arrangements are them one and all wit11in OUl' ranks then
We m'e glad to, see the 'wife of Bro.
\\'m. Hickman out again. She has been
tlie!. for a long time, ,and for, ,s.everal
I leaving no stone unturned to make it the and not until then can we expect recog-
success of the seaSOIl. The elite of the nition from Ol1r emplOyers generally.
mouths was· confined to her bed. She
was uble to be up town a few days ago.
l~vel'Y one who knows,ber Is her frieud.
city will be there, and the electrical dis- I cannot report any. impl~ovement in
. plays will be fairly dazzling. Such quaint the electricnl busilless. This much I can Bm. Hlckm:lli himself looks well and
deSigns as are put before our inspection say that there is a deal of work being hearty.
quite batHe our understanding as to how laid out to be prosecuted in the near fu- 011 going down town to-day we heard
our 'boys ever· thought of such conceits. ture. the clatter of a hOI'se coming at a break-
The design of Venus and Mars in horo- 'l'he old l\Iain Street and Agricultural necl. speed. \Ve looked, VI'OUl!d, and he-
scope ,Is especially beautiful. It is the Park horse 'Carline i!l being rapidly con- hold, thel'e it was, Sllre enoug-h, a horse,
creation of Bro_ James Parsons. Bro. verted into a first-cluss tl'olley system. a vehicle, and n dl'iveJ."-Bro. "'alter'
JIm Is so modest, he don't want his name I beiieT'e it comes uuder the willg:,; of the Dashach. Prosperity must hU\'e "struck
in print, so I put i~ in writing 'When Los Angeles Railway Co., which prac- him where he IIn-s," eh, 'Valter?
It comes down ,to electricity, though, tically controls ah01~t all of the street At last meeting we appointed a com-
don't touch ·hlm. His brain is one elec- railways of Los Angeles. This, gen- mittee of thl'ee to the Building Trades
trical maelstrom, anything and every- erally speaking, does away with all of CouDcll to reorganize on Murch S. They
thing electrical, and he'll have his cards the old-fasiJion..d street 10000motions. The RI'e Bros. Jo!,! \yeinhoff, E. I\(:ssler and
printed, let us hope, !lome day. The horses are to be turned out to grass, tJ. H. McNemee, How elm the thing filll
eclipse of ,the sun Is also his creation, anel the cars are to be converted into fire thl'ol1gh wIth a cOlllmlttee like tuat from
equally dazzling. The ohs and ah!:! wood. . the Electrknl WOl'ke.rs?
which await Jim's expectant ear willl'ec- The Terminal Railway Co., II. system It is l;epoL'ted thot Bro. Geo, ~\I:lHinson
ompense thee, ·Jimmie, old boy, for th~'t of no large extent. !'eupblng tlJree im- sa\-ed :1 Ivdy's life iT' H)'" tnl'st Ji'~"l'ie
tired feeling, and take Hoods, and only portant points fl'Om Los Angeles, Glen~ anel unthought of llIanner. She was
Hoods, Bro. Well age, indefatigable Joe, dule, Pasadena, and San Pedro, contem' standing near :t pole, nevel' dL'e~,mlng of
has cha.r.ge of the 1igbt committee, :lnd plates :ID early challge of locomotion in (hnger, "poor thing," wh"u B,'o, Mallill-
there will be a few' extra volts to spare, theil' cntil'e system. It will be over- sou went up to her and vel'y pditdy· ill-
yon bet. Joe will see they have all the , hpud trolley. 1'l1is in connection with a {ol'mecl bel' that she was 8tallll.i'lIA' in n
light and power they w:mt, and keep a deep water harbor to be established iLt dangerolls place, os Bro. L. O. tJollstantz
few volts and some ampcI'es in the clos- Sall P('(}ro, ,,'ill no f.lonht give the many was working directly .9\"er hel' awong a
et in case the snpplv gets low, but I am u''.elllpJo~-ed an opportunity to earn· an lot of live wh·es. Of course she Vll.-
giving you the account of this before it's . honest livelihood. God speed prosper· moosed. and George walken a way feel-
happening. . This won't do. ity, and let Hanna take care of charity. ing hetter. BI'o. D. l\J.. Mallinson h:tIidlcs
We have new material on deck. No, BI'f). Cohurn hus s.l'vered his connec- lhe Fin. Seey. hooks like an olel timer.
00'8 officel's, while gl'een in their respec· tion with the 'phone and is .now mil· HI·c. ""agner, OUI' Pl'esident, Is getting
tive .pollitions, IlI'e old and tried boys, roading for It change. Bl'O, l'etel'S left the wire etl;:e WOI'Il off, and seems more
and are all right. and I expect gl'eat re- a few days ago fot' the nOl'tL, In search· at ho'me in the chail' no,\".
bults from their nlanagement of No. 60's of better fields to ply his voclltion. Bro, Some of the boys thought the T. H. Lt.

14 .
t.; P. Co. sh~uld have hired a union man
in our late Bro. Pevehouse's place, but
when It was explained by the superin-
tendent, Mr. F. A. Parker, we, 'as a
body, are satisfied. The man they did
hire has his application and the neces-
snry V. In, and was voted on last meet-
ng. Mr. Parker is very friendly to our
~
, Union, and nIl of his men nre union men,
which we all appreciate. .
I would like to have a letter from the
P. S. of St. Joseph, Mo. W1"ite me and I
. will surely answer. I used to go to that
city myself. . Bro.' W. F. Emerson of No. 49 was
I must tell you 'about the burial of our
late brother, S. L. Pevehouse. He was
a member of the I. O. O. F. Also of the
Modern' Woodmen. The funeral services
were- held at the house at 10:30· a. m.
There was quite a good many in attend-
Ilnce. At 12:30 p. m. the remains were
carried to the hearse by three Woodmen
and three Elect1'ical Workers. Both
. Woodmen and Electrical Workers
marched to the depot ahead, of the pro-
cession. The remains were sbipped to
Coatsburg, where the Odd l~ellows took
charge of everything. The Electrical
'Vorkers' tloral offering was a handsome
clock, about three feet high, with golden
hands and figures. The· hlinds pointed
to the hour of the fatal fall, 9:45. As
for Insurance, 1 believe he carried $3,000
In the Woodmen.
C. H. McNEMEE,
Press Secretary.
IN MEMORIAM.
Resolutions of condolence ·adopted by
ihe National Brotherhood of Electrical
'Yorkers (If America, Local Union No.
67, Quincy, TIl.: . is manager of the. company, 30d a gen-
'Vhereas, The Great and All-wise Ruler
of the Universe has seen fit in His infin-
ite wisdom and divine providence to re-
move from our mhlst our beloved broth-
el', Samuel L.Pevehouse; therefore, be it
Resolved, That while we submit in hu-
mility to the wisdom of our Creator, that
in the death or our brother, his wife,
father nnd mother mourn the loss of a
loving husband, a kind and affectionate
son, and his friends an upright and reo
spected associate, and be it
Resolved, That we, as members of Lo-
cal Union No. 67. tender our heartfelt
sympathy to his wife, parents, relatives
and friends in their great sorrow, and
commend them to Him who doeth all
things well;'and be it further
Resolved, l.'bat these resolutions be
spread upon our records' and a copy pre-
sented to the fainil)' of our brother, and
the sanle be published in oW" official
journal, and that our charter be draped
in mourning for thirty days:
C. H. l\lcNEMEE,
Wl\:I. V. HICKMAN,
J. H. NESSLER,
Committee.
UNIQN NO. 00, DALLAS, TEX.
T take great pleasure in informing my
brothel'-Wol'kmen that OUl." little band of
workers are still in existence and are
ever trying to induce our fellow-work-
erS to join and assist us in our ('ffort to
secure our just rights, and to elevate'
and educate our craft to a higher plain.
The bard times have been n great
drawback to us, for there are many who
would come. with us if they had work
and were a1>le: while others are afraid
of their Job, aDd you cannot well blame
•
THE E~ECTRICA~ WORKER.
_ .=:::z
them when it meallS almost starvation
at their very doors, (lud tl!9.t alone, I
aJll sorry to say, has caused m::.ny a.
man to eveD wOi"k ngninst llnioL men
and laoor org~nization..'!.
The main contract for tbe Cathollc
Hospital here wa.s let to a. Kansa.'I man.
'roo bad they had to go out of the State,
but we e.'\:pect' Texas labor to be em-
ployed, I!-nd llnion, at tha.t.
l.'he bo~'s say, keep shy of Dlllln8, if
yeu don't )\'ant to smITe, and I believe
they are good judges, too.
with 'us February 20. There being no
prospeets here, he left for the North.
Come again, sister. W'e welcome you
to our craft, and know it will be the
mt'ans of bliilding up and strength(:J)ing
our order.
CHAR TROTTER, Press 8e1!rt:tary.
UNION NO. 7~, WACO, T·EX.
"'c are new, but we mean business.
"'e have had two meetings. We meet
secolld and fourtl,t 'Wednesdays at Labor
Hall. We hud 14chal'ter members and
thi'ee applications fo!· membership at
our last meeting. All the br{Jthers of
No. 72 are in dead earnest, and nll have
good joils, and -If any bro~her should
comc down to Texas. and "Vaco, he will
find No. 72 re:ldy to lend him. a. helping
hann in getting work if· the1·C be any to
get. Therc is not .much work going on
in 'Vnco at present•. but one brothtlr stat-
ed at our last meeting that the Waco
Electrical Supply mid Construction Co.
has malIc a cOlltrtlct witli .. Dallas for
tirealal'l~ and bU1·gL'll" alaJ.;iu insiue and
outside work complete. ~. C~ W; Hobson
tlelllllU in cYt~l"y sense·~f the word. Mr.
Hobson toll.!. one brother that.:hcwould
give him u job jU!'lt as !'loon al'l the, work
commenced, and.I 'unde!"stand that there
will be quite a lot of work in Dilllas this
summ~r; and if any <brother is coming to
l.'exas, he might meet Ill> with some of it,
nnd I assure him that Bro. Tl'otter will
lend him a lii~lping hand in gettiog work,
for I have know~Bro. Trotter tor a long
time, and know that he Is a gentleman in
every respect.... . home more, the boys would heal' m01'e ,
We 'have three more applications for
membership, which makes 29 in all, and
good prospects of 'getting our· boss, ~lr.
Lee DaviS, as orie of OUi members.
Brothers, II.S this is my: ti1:at effort, I
hope you will not t:l.k~ o(fen,;e at the
way I write this. Iwill try and do bet-
ter in the future. . '.
. G. R. LOCKHART, Press Secy.
UNION NO. 79, AUSTIN, TEX. ',.
As I look through your dear little joUr-
nal month atter mouth and find no word
from No, 79, I becaMe a lIttl<;l uneasy,
and thought your august majesty, might
thtnk our boys had gene bathln;;'rln' the
dam . lake and got froze in,·as they say
ou old Lake Michigan. But, to teil the
tt'llth, No. 79 has not liad a meeting sinoo
the first l\1onday in November.' Good
union boys, eh.? Well, here goes for
re!l3vnS, as far as I know tU<!1ll npto that
time: Bro. Vorimuferbad worked very
ha1'd to get the boys t.') liang tog~ther.
By dint of. coaxing;' begging ·-and hiring
he could get enou/:h to turn the switch
on once a mouth. , -'l'hen ill December he
changed job:.! and swit..:hed blmsell: and
vice president out of to,VD. ·He was in
[March
the first of the year, but it did no ,good,
to call a. meeti~g. He tried .. two days
to get a quorum, but no go,. so he lett, .
and has been I,lway since the llth~of­
January. On the 12th of February ~e
wrote me that he is now 150 miles f1'om
a. railroad, and in five days more would
be 200, and does not know when be will
reach Austin. He Is not doing
new work,. only fixing up an old lint:,
but he will have a new line of some dis-
·tance to put up this summer.
Since my husband left home severnl
communications from you camc to the
house which I thought should not be
neglected longer. Also a notice to him.
from a Texas Senator that biUNo. 81.
was to have a hearing, anll he wished
the Electrical Union to bt: represented,
telling him that he could have a hem·ing.
As I have not kept up with legislation,.
I did not know thennture of bill 81, so
after thinking it over, I took the letter,
to the secretary of No. 79. Well,.1
thought he would faint; so I got no sat-
isfaction there, but nothing daunted, 1
formed myself into a cl)mmittee of one,
girded on my armor, and all the bl'llSS I .
could carry, and marched up to the:big
60-acre capitol to look for the ,noble rep,.
resentative of Texas. I dodgeu around
there the best pa1't of three days, but-
could not find the right man, so. 1 feel
more ignorant now than ever, for 1 did'.
not find a 'Senator that could tell me the
nature of bill No. 81. Still, I fear that·
it was somethin:r that should have bad
the attention of the union, and if my hus-·
band had been here it surely would, for,
we al'e union to the core,' aUll. I tell·
you, the1'e is no place .Oll earth ·where.·
union organizers are more needed ·than-in
this part of the South. .,
Well, tell the boys through the Work-'
er to keep away from the VllJlOted Ca.pl-
tol .01' Dam City. Not a .. thing dOing
here. Men idle half the time, eicept
what few it takes to run 'the plants.
Nothing doing on inside work. . ~ele­
phone men on half time, and no prC'spect,
of better. "
I hope you won't feel offended because
this does not come from No. 79's l'egular.:.·
Press Seey, but if the President were at.'
often from No. 790ffieially. Do not see
much of them, and do not know why.-
they do not show up in' the Worker, only.
on the roll or Directory, Now, if you
say anything of this, you can sign' it
Bill 81 for want of a name. I will ·let
you hear from me again soon, 'as I··have
a problem that I wish explained. .
BILLSI•.
PeDn Yan, N. 'I:.-An elE!Ctric road will
be built from this City to Branchport.
Work will begin in the spring.
Ch:ca·go; m.-'-The'CcuncllCommittc-e.·
bas approved an ordinance' allowin'g the.
Calumet Electric Street Railway Com-
pany to ~xtend its lines on Erie aVenue,.
.from Ninety-third street.to ~outh C~­
c~oa'\"enue..
Bnltlmore, Md.~Accordingto a iocal'
paper. the n. & O. Ry. Co. will eslablish .
lighting plantr in the prinCiple ·depots
of their. system. 1n PhiladelphIa the
plant will be located in the Twenty-
fourth Street "Station, and will furnish
ligbts for the Ra.cestieet ·yards, coal
piers and round house.
 March]
Directory of Local Unions.
(Secrt-tarie~ will pl<'a;;e furnish the necessary in-
formation·to meke this directory complete. Note
that the til1U and ~Iaa of meeting. the name of the
President. the names and add"esus of the Record-
ing and Financial Secretaries are required.)
I 6IJ7 llagnoha st.; Jno. C. Deibel. F. S" 418 15tl: st.
No. '1, St. LouiH, 'llIo.-l\leets every Tnedday at
I S. e. cor. Z1st and Franklin avenue. 1\1. I.. Durkin.
Pres .• 2U.! 'Wash st.; Jehu Hisserich. R. S .• 1827 N.
I 22d st.; J. P. Casey. F. S .. 2702 Spring avo
No.~, Mlhvankee;Wb."'"Meets evervFridav ot
318 State st. W. A. Geranlen. Pres .• 457 Broadway;
Chas. Hennan. R. S .. lr05 \\'alnut st.; Joe . Hams.
I F. S .. 448 Russell ave.
No.3, Denver, Col.-E; I.. Layne. Pres .• 1011
19~ st.; Geo. P. Manning. Sec., 1633 Lawrence st.
·rHE ELECTRICAL WORKER.
No. 27 ;:'llaltlmore,· M'l.-Meets-.·~y;,Iir·t,rotic!ay,
at Hall. cor. Fayette and Park a"s. C. F. Leitz.
Pres" 506 S. Pulaski st.; J. 1:'. Jones. R. S .• 1414
Mosher st.; F. H. Rassell, F. S .• f408,Asquith sl.
Xo.28, Louls.-Ill .. , KY'-lleetslst Rnd3dTues·
days at Beck JIall. 1st st. lI~ar. Jefferson Calvin
Beach. Pre3,.11JZl) W.l\(a.kl:t st.; Ed.·Herpt, R. S ..
No. 29, Atlantn, Ga.-'-Mp.~ts every Sunday at
61li' Alabama st. Geo. Foster. Pres .• 100 Walker
st.; D. J. Kerr. R. S .• 114 Richardson st.; Geo. Ray-
mer. F. S .• l21 Rhodes st ..
No. 30, Cincinnati, O.-Mcets 1st and 3d M":1-
dRyS at 136 E. Court st. W. Williams. Pres., 26
Mitchell ave.. lIt.· Auburn; H. C. Genrich. R. S"
225 W. Court st.; J. F. Hilrmuth. F .. 5 .• 2138 Vernon
st., Clifton Heights.
No. 31, Jersey City, N. J.-Meets 2d and 4th
No. 57,Salt Lake City, Utah.-R. Blair, Sec'y,
care of Citizens Jo~. I.. Co. . .
:S-o. 60, Snn Ant~io, Tex.-Meets 1st and 3d
Saturdays. Meyers' Hall. Alamo Plaza. Martin
Wri2:ht. Pres .• 114 Romania st.; E, Kuhlman, R.
m
s .. Salina st.; W. F, Hendricks, F. 5., iZZ Mos-
quite st.
No. 61, LOR Angeles, Cal. - C. P. Lofthouse.
Pres .• 'i-i6 San Julian st.; F. W. Messacar, R. S.,
Station A; 'V. R. Kingston. F. S., 119 Kern st.
No. 62" Kalamazoo, l'lich.-A. D ...~yres. Pres ••
.r;~ S. Burdick.st.; I.. Bellmau. R. S •• 540 Pine st.;
G. E. Tifft. F. S .• 324 Sarah st.
No.G3, Tampa, Fla.-Theo. Glinn. Pres .• Pt.
Tampa City; W. F. Crofts, R. S., lock box 264;
Arthur D. Henry, F.!>., box 220.

I No. 4, New Orleans, Ln.-Meets 1st and 3d
Tue..days at Carondelet and PerdiQo sts. J. Mc-
Gregor. Pres., 2111 Rousseau st.; C.>lII. Hale. R. S.,
630 St. Mary st.; R. B. Joyce. F. S .. 331 S. Bassin st.
Thursdays at 116 Newarkav. Thos, Watson. Pres ..
513 Jersey av.; F. J:Anderson. R. S .• 228 Washing-
ton st.; T. I.. Jones. F. S" 137 Grand st.
No. 32, Paterson, N. J.-l\1eets 1st and 3d Mon·
d,.
.
1"0.65, Butte, Mont.-Meet~ 1st Rnd 3d SUI!-
in Good Templars Hall. W. Broadway. Vic
POissant: Pres .. with I\~ont. Elect. Co.; D.). Wins-
low. R. ~., 103 E. Granito st.; A. G. Ellenck. F.S ..
General Del.
No. 66, Houston,·Tex.-lIleets every.lIlonday.

I No.5, Pittsburg, Pa.-T. K. Bevington. Pres. 19

Race st., A1h~g'heny: H. McGregor. R. S .• Nesbit &
Allequippa SIS.; Y. Bevington, F. S., 5621 Margretta
sL
No. 6j13an Francisco, Cn1.-Meets 2nd and 4th
Wednesdays .at Forester's Hall. 20 Eddy st. A.
\ C. Jollnson. Pres .. l26 Turk st.; J. J. Cameron.
R.S:.1510 Mission st; J. R. Fulton. F. S .. 428Geary st.
.
days at German Union Hall. J. F. Colvin. Pres"
963 Madison av.; Jos. Maher, R. S .• 3-18 Grand 51.:
Paterson Heights. Paterson. N. J.; John Kane. F.S .•
274 Hamilton avo
No. 3G, Doston, 1'[R88.- Meets every Wed-
nr.sday at Well's Memorial Hall. 987 \\'ashington
st. J. Larkin. Pres.. 13 Cambridge st.; D. McGilliv-
ray. R. S .. 7 Humboldt Park, Roxbury; R. H.
G. O. Wood. Pres .. 1214 Providence st.; A. H.
Stelle. R. S .• 12 Main st.; W. V. Fisk. F. S., care
Telephone office.
No. 67, Qnlncy, Ill.-Meets 2nd and 4th
'Veduesdays at Trades Assembly Hall. So. 5th st.
W. lo', 'Vaguer. Pres., 641 Locust st.: E. \\'. Ness-
ler. R, S., (1I)Z Sixth ave. S.; D. 1\1. Mallinson. F. S.,
1120 Vine st. .

I Bradford. F. 5 .• 14 Pleasant st .• Cambridge,
No.7, Springllcld, IUnss.-l\1eets e"ery
Wednesday at roolU H. Barnes Blk. Wm. Gregg.
Pres .• 100 Banr:roff st.; T. H. Bowen. R. S., 26 Hub-
bard av.; JOs. McGilvray. F. S., 3-1 Gray avo
No.8, Toledo, O. -Meets everv Tnesdav at
Friendship Hall. cor. Jefferson and SUlUmit sts.
\ P. Crowley. PTes .. 848W. Lafayette st.; E. McGinn.
R. S .. m Westforn ave.; W. H. Welsh. F. S., 1907
Cherry st.
1 No.9, Chicago, Ill.-lleets every Saturdav at
106 E: Randolph st. A. F. Snider. Pres .• 3-133 State
I st.; I.. Christenson. R. S., 1043 S. Irving ave.; A.
McFarlane. F. S., 5657 Princeton avo
No. 36, Sncrnnlento, Cn].- J. A. Crombach.
Pres .• 1613 4th st.; E. G. Fletcher, R. 5., 505 J st.;
Gus. Flanagan, F. S .• S30 :\1 st.
No. 37, Hartforrl, Conn.-Meets 1st and 3d
Fridays at Central Union Lahar Hall. 11 Central
Row. M. F. Owens. Pres .. 63 Ha\vthorne st.; D. F.
Cronin. R. S .• 49 Windsor st.; C. E. Bvrne. 1'. S., 16
Tohn st.
No. 38, C1eve]al.rl, O.-Meets every Thursdav
at 393 Ontario st. R. M. Ross. Pres., 33~ Colgate
st.; Tom Wheeler. R. S .. :!'18 Franklin av.; J.E.
Sui off. F. S .• 2S Norton st.
No. 68, Little Rock, Ark.-G. ·W. "'Uson, Pres.,
care Brown Machine Co.; C. J. Griffith. R. S .. care
L, R. Tract. &: El. Co.; W. N. Drogoon. F. S •• 1509
W. 3d. st.
No. 61), naHns, Tex.-Meets 1st and 3rd Satur-
day nt I.abor Hall. S. D. Claiborne. Pres .• HI San
Jacinto st.; W. H. Young. R. S.; 190 Beaumont st.·;
F. G. Montgomery, F. S .• 190 Collins st. :
1"0.70, Scheneetnrly, N. Y •."...Meets 2d and 4th
Tuesdavs at Trades Assemblv Hall. cor. Centre
and State sts. F. Litzendorl. Pres .• Cranl: st.,
Mt.l'lea5ant; W. A. Birch R. S,. 6IJS Libet·ty st.;
J. D, Bctting. F. S .. 626 Villa road. .
No. 71, lhllveston, Tex. - Meets 2d and 4th
Wednesdays. J. T. pa~ne. Pres .• 1314 Centre st.;
"

I No. 10, IlJIlianapolls, Ind.-Meets 1st and lrd

Monday at 29li' W. Pearl st. John Berrv. Pres" care
of headquarters Fire Dept.; E. Bussele. R. S .• 487
N. Illinois st.; E. C. Hartung. F. S., Rooms 5-7
Cyclorama Bldg. _ penter st.
\ No. II, Terre Haute, Ind.-Meets 2d and 4th
Tuesdav. at Rth a,,<\ Main sts. C. D. Updegraff,
Pres .• 5~S, Ninth st.; M. Dovis. R.S .• 918 N. 9th st.;
No. 39, Provi<lence, R. 1.-l\leets 1st and 3d
Mondays at Phccni,. Bldg.IS7 'Vest minster st. H.
B. Kelly. Pres" 1950 'Vestn.:nster st.: ll. I.. Carder.
R. S .• .;0 Wilson st.; G. D. Hi~gins. F. S., 8 Car-
F. J. SchaJlert. R. S .• 2514 Church st.; G. I.. Gar-
rett. F. S .• 21(8 A,·. L.
No.7::, "'neo, Tex.-lleets 2d and 4th Wednes·
da"s at l,abor Hall. lit. F. Wortham. Pres .• 912 S.
6th st,; Jos. Hodges. Sec'y. 912 S. 6th st.
No. 40, St. Josep]l. "[o.-Meets every Monday
at north· west corner 8th and Locust sts" "Brock- No. 73, 8].ok .. ne, "rash. - Meets 1st and 3rd
Thursdays at Oliver Hall. 336!~ Riverside av, Gus

l
W. H. Schaffer. F. 5 .• ·114 N. Bth st.
No. 12, Evausdlle, ind.-Meet every Tuesday
at COl·. 3rd and Sycamo..e st. Harry Fisher. Pres .•
2IXJ Clark st.; A. I., Swanson. R. S .• 1054 Water st;
\. A. N. Grant. F. S,. 202 Clark st.
No. 14, 1I1emphls, Tenn. - Chas. E. Biake.·
Pi...... 70 Mulberry st.; J. A. Myles, Sec., 207 De
I Soto sl. .
l'!o. 1u, Philadelphia, Pa.-Meets every Tues-
day at 711 Spring Garden st. E. G. BoX Ie. Pres .•
Penn, Farmers' Hotel. 3d and Callowhlll sts.; E.
awls Hall." R.:\I. l\fartin. i')res .• 1";02 N. 3d st.;
Wm. Dorsel • .l{. S" li10 Calhoun st; F. A. Dunn. F.
5 .• 426 Ed. st.
No. 41, Philllde1phl", Pa.·-Geo. A. Neal, Pres"
3626 Whartcn st.
No. 43, Syrncuse, N. Y.-F. A. Chadwick. Pres .•
1M Roberts ave.; G. A. Dp.venpnrt. R .. S .. 553 Sev-
mour st.; Cbas. A.1\liller. F. Ii.. 9('(i Montgomery st.
No. 44, Rochester, N. Y.-F. M. K~hoe. Pres .•
21 Costar st.; WIU. A. B~eese, R. S .• .56 4th st.'
Fred Fish. F. S,. 123 Slate st.
No. 4G, Buffalo, N. Y:-Meets lst and 3rd Sat-
- •
lIenson. I'~s,. 5(H Nichois Block; '1'. H. Denter
R. S .• box 635; C. C. Van Inwegen. F.S .. t07 Howard
~& •
No. ':'4, F ..n River, l'In8R.-Meets every Mon'-
day at cor. Main and Bedford sts. W. I. White,·
Pres., S9 Rowen st.; Jas.Murphv. R. S .. 100 4th st.;
'rhos. Bailev. F. S., 135 Snell st. .,
No. 7G, GI'and Rnjli<!I., l\lh.h.-Meets ldt and
3d Fridays. J. o . .A ldrich. Pres .• care· City Fire
Dep't; F. M. Ruck. R. S .. 16 W. Broadway; G. H.
Hi~g;_ns. F. S .. 63 Pleasant st.
:No. 78,. Sn,;inaw, lUleh.-Jas. Hodgins. Pres.,

I Hennessy. R, S,. 1518 French st.; ehas. T. Lang.

F. S., 829 Race st.
lolo. 16, Lynn, IIla.s.-lleet at General Elec-
tric Band Room. 9M Soulh st, Jas. Robson. Pres .•
46 W. Neptune st.; C. W. Perkins. R. S .• 6 Allen's
Court; E. J. Malloy. F. S .• 86 Cottage st.
No. 1l. De.troit, Itlich. - Meets 1st and 3d
Thursdays at RoolD 8 Hilsendegcn Block. W. J.
Donovan. Pres .• 112 Ch"stnut st.: Geo. H. Brown.
R. S. 50 Lewis st.; P. F. Andrich. F. S .• 369 Chene st.
No. 18, Kansas City, 1I10.-Meets 2d and 4th
Fridays at 1117 Walnut st. J. J. Lynch. Pres .. 716
Delaware st.; C. F. Dmllinger. R. S,. 326 Garfield
av.,- Kansas City. Kas.; J. H. Lynn. F. S .• 1632
Jefferson st. - 328; Guy Carlton. R. S .. East arid Market stll.; W.
No. 19, Chicago,lll.-Meets 1st and 3d Tues-
days at 6512 Coltage Grove av, 1\1. J; Sulli,·an.
Pres., 4951 Princeton a\·.; G, W. Richart. R. S .. 5610
S. Halsted st.; D. Pearce. F. S., 3540 Wentworth avo
No. :U, WIleellng, 'V. Yn.-Meets 1st and 3d
Taesday. at !rsdes Assembly Hall. H. F. Wyse.
Pres•• Box Ill; C. I.. Ullery. R. S .• Box lU; W. J.
Clark. F. S .• McClure House.
No. 22, Omnha, Neb. - Meets every 1st and
3d Wednesdays nt Labor1·elDple.1ith & Douglas st.
J. W ... Watters, Pres., 2211 Pierc.e .t.; M. J. Cur"'.",
R. S., ISH St. Mary's nv.; W. J. Wales, F. S,. 181.»
Famamst. . I.. C. C~awley. F. S .• 1b WIlshlDlrton st.
No. 23, St. Paul, l\linn.-Meets 2d and 4th Fri-
day8 at Labor Hall, 3,.d and Wabasha sts. Jno.
O'Donnell, Pres" 4th and Wabasha sts,; Thos.
ur~ays at Council Hall. Wm. Haley. Pres .. 125
Efle st.; Chas, Guyton. R. S .• 124 Swan av.; C. F,.
Stinson. F. S .• 298 Carolina st.
No. 46, Lowen, lI(as8.-lII. J. Burns. Pres" Po-
3CJSi N. Franklin st.; John Strachan. R. S .• 336 N.
2nd st.; Chas. Ross. Jo" S .. P. O. box 225. E, S.
No. 79, Austin, Tex.-Meets every Thursday
night at lItaccabee Hall. ]. 1.. Vork.aufer. Pres.,
IiceDep·t; Thos. Dalton. R.S. 36SConcord st.; H. E. 1206 San Jacin.to st.; Chas. J .. Jackson. R. S ..
lla),or's .~ffice; B. Y.Lovejoy. F. S.,loo·U1E. 7th st., (,
Ma$Uire. F. S .• 95 Christian st.
No. 47. 'Voreesie.r.ltlass.-C. C.-Colfhlin. Pres.
113 West st.; Geo. R. LinCOln. Sec'y. Millbury.
No. 48, Ft. "'"yne, Ind.-lIleets 1st and 3rd PATRONIZE UNION CLERKS.
Fridays at cor. of l[ain and Clinton sts. R. Bar- All members of the R. C. N. P. A. can show this card;
tel. Pres" Hotel Tremont; A. J. Lathouse. R. S., Ask for It when making your purchases.
148 Wells st.; G. B. Taylor. F. 5 .• 31 Douglas avo End.....d bu·'h A. F. 01 L •.
No. 49, Dloomington, In.-Meets 2d ~.rolldav
at Trades Assembly Hall. C, F. Snyder. Pres .. DOx
C. Gorey. F. S., 409 S. l\ladison st.
No. 51, Scrnnton, Pa.-Jas. Harding. Pres., 6IJ1
Meridian st.; P. Campbell. R. S .• 1210 Irving av.;
Ruben Robins. F. S .• 1m Hampton st.
No. G2, Da"enport, la.-Meets 1st and 3d
Tuesday; A. I.. Wheeler. Pres., Hotel Downs; J.
H. Clark, Sec., 215 Iowa st.
No. 53, Harrisburg, ·Pn·.-C. A. Swager. Pres ..
115~ Market st,; Jas. Emminger. R. S .• 25 N. 15th
st,; C. Anderson, F. S .• {b SUl.UlIlitt st.
No. 54, l'eoria, IH.-lIeds 1st and 3rd :Wed- ONE-THIRO ACTUAL SIZE.
,,~sdavs et 301 Main st. H. o;chearel'. Pres .• 21')
W, Jefferson st.: Ha~ Dlln~. R. S .• East Peoria; COLOR IS CHANGED EACH QUARTER.
Good ('Inl. darln«monthl named tn lowu len haud ('omer and whaD
profCrlY liKued. and STAMPED with·lhe Dumber of \he LocaL

$1.25
O'Toole. R. S., 333 E. 6th st.; F. Volk. F. S .• 175 PER MONTH FOR ONE YEAR WILL PAY.FOR ••••
W.61h st.
No. 24, lUlnnCft]loIls, l\linn.-l\leets 1st aad
lrd Wedaesdays at 3-1 aud 366th st. S. Geo. Heilig.
Pres ... 18 9th st.; J •• R. Ste,·ens. R. S .• 18 Westera
av.; A. Aune. F. S .• 3129 Lougfellow av,
The Electrical \fJorker's Course
No. 25, ])\1I11tll, ninn.-Meets 2d aad 4th
Thursdays at room 6 Banning Dlk. R.· Thayer. THE CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL OF TECHNOLOGY,
Pres.,24 Third ave. \V,; L.P. Runkle, R.S •• 17 Nor-
ris Blk.; Jas. F. Owens, F. S .• 414 E.lstst. CLEVELAND, OHIO.
No. 28, 'Vn.llll1gton, D.C.-Meets evervMo:1- Ask the Sec~etary of your l~dge. or send to tlte School for
p:lrllculars. and spec,a! rates to ;SO. B. E. W.
L.oberal
COlnlnJ·~SJoOnS
~ •
day at ~ 11th st. N. W'o. Jos. Patters_on. Pres .• llZ7
12th st. N. E.; S. 1\1. "Ilder. R. S .• ~14 3rd st. N.
W.; R. F. Metzel. F. S .• 509 11th st. N. W.
Make a Start Now . •
Thi,. will pay you severnl hunored pe~ cent.
TO EARN l\JORF.. LEARN MORE.
 16 THE ELECTRICAL 'WORKER:
-- -=:.==-===========
PATENTS
PATENT AND
TRADE-MARK
lAWYERS
Itnstruction 'Bv Mail In, the Operation- and InstaUation _of
, , I

'Patents Obtained
Trade-Marks Registered.
Electric'Light. Power and Railway Plants,
. . . .

Rtudies c"rl'i..d on at bume. No time lost I, Dynamo Ten<lers, .Linemen; Wiremen,

800 RIALTO BLDG." KNIGHT from-work. Tboro1\kh instrnction. prOCH-I :l\1otorlllen. Armature and Mngnet Winders
ST. LOUJS,~O_ , BROTHERS '",d metbo(!s. Endorsed bi' ,l!;ugtneel's and 'nncl other :Eleetrlcal lVorkel'S ,can fit thew_
,j~eadlug _Electric:.l Journal... -_ ,',' , '8"I\'e& for advancement. ' - _

WM. H. BRYAN, M. AM. SOC. M. E.' Onniou-rses are dcsig-;':C by practical men who fullr understand what Workiugmen _
shonld _study t" 'l!lalHy th~m to WiD promotion, We begin at the beginning oi every sub-
1:1.' H. HUnPHREY, M. S. ject 90 that if -a tuA" can read ~,nd write alld will study. we can teach him. Instruction

-MECHANICAL AND
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS
,.
• _ and Question Pal'e~s !1t:d D.awing Plates. better than text books. bave .been· prepared
especially foi-,6nr st!tdents .. l!t an ",,'-pense exceeding $100.000, "fhese are furnished ire",
Studies are carried on ,under tbe direction of the ablest instructors who direct tbe studellt
and a5sist hiUl in his studies,
, The. Elp.ctrical l'owe"",,,nd Lighting Scholarship includes complete instruction
E lectric: I.igbt. Railway and Power. Water Works.
Steam Heating. Steam and Power Plants.
Bc:onomic: Sbop Arrangement. Designing Special
in ArithmeUc. 'Mensuration and '-he Use of Letters' iu Algebraic Formulas and in
Mechanical Drawing. :rile student learns enough of mathematics to compute tbe power
Tools. Consultations. Estimates. Plans. Specifica- and capacity_ of e;Eetrkal madlil1ery. and learns bow to'make a drawing of a machine or
tio.l1&. Superintendeuc:e. Examinations. Tests. Re- piece at machinery. The electrical instruction begins with Elemental). Electricity and
ports-aud-Purc:basing, Mague-Usm and tbe simple ..~ritl1metic of Electrical Quantities and extends through the
const~uction, installation, op"rntiou and care of dynamos and motors of different kind~.
""Rooms"" ad 2;' Turner Buildlnlr. including tbose' for railway anti mlne use; the connection of switch·boards for ,'arions
ST. LOUIS. pn:'poses; tbe calcul&tion,of :,,-i.-ing for lighting and power circuits; tbe construction,
<:fficielicv and caad!e-powef cf arc and incandescent lamps; the construction and
managemept of. e1«tric: railways. etc.
Higdon, ATIORNEVS
•• AT LAW We also, teach by md] i\Iechanicnl. Mining·:md Civil Engineering; Mechanical and Arc:hitectural Draw-
Longan .
,
ing; Architec~'re; Plumbing. H~atin~ and Venti1!ltiODj E.ngtish BraDches;
.-.," _Stenography.. Book-keepllI&, and Busmess Forms,
«Higdon
,
Patents Obtained and Draw-
ings Made of Complex ',MENTION THE SUB~ECT IN WHICH YOU ARE INT£R£STF.D
•••.•••••.. Electrical In,'entions. --AND SEN.D FOR .. ,D'O.o,K OF TESTIMONIALS AND FULL
D-ESCRIPTION OF--'OUR SCHOOLS. FREE. WRITE TO
'. . :
.sT. LOUIS-Odd Fellows Bldg•• Znd Floor.
Entranc:e 206.
-WASHINGTON-Room 48. Pacific Bldg.
THE INTERNATIONAL CORRESPOl'IDENCE SCHOOLS,
Op, Patent Offic:e. "-'. Box 1029. SCRANTON. PA.'

"

The We have wade a quantity of these insulators-

{>hUa.delphia and·ties. adapted for us,", with No,lZ--bard-dra'YIl

copper wires. for the purvosr of demoustrating
the pMcticability of ille dl'\"ice. F()~ pltrpOseg
In8ulator=and =Tie of test we tbink these samples can be ased
with No. 10 or No, 14 wires, but for ('ontinned
U:i.e we reeommenol sl1tcial sizes for each si7~e ~.
Reasons For Using It. conductor.
,1st. It insures unifonn and neatest construc· Upon application from parties di:;sh·('l'~ cf in ..
tiO!1, vestigating the merit. oC the dc:vi::e. we will-("r-
_Zd. ItgreatJy facilitates changes and repairs. warda limited nut!lber of these samplez free of
cbarge. - . -
3rd. It is pronounced by practical men lhe
only tie thnt will hold hard-drawn copper wires Ultimately we: sball pro\'ide these insulators-
taut without inj\try. Bnd .. ties for lise iu cunuectioD with any specified
4th. In eew -w.xk it saveS from fi ..e to ten ~ize of wire or cable.
minntrs time in making each tie.
We believe titem to be peculiarly adapt(!<1 for
'Sth. In' repeir work it saves abont ten !Dinutes use in eiectri.::al lighting and telephone work.
time for each tie. removed and replaced. AI~o where freqltent changes a_re likely to QCeu,',
the cost of new-tie to- replace tbe old.one,
]"or oth'lr tnformatic;n,
6th. This tie can be made and \tntied any
price,s, etc., address.
number of times witbout impairDJent. The lie
is made instantly by the snap of the lever and is
untied in the same manner.
The Philadelph,ia
7th. The insulator itself is equally as good
for "dead endillrr" wires and for junction pole
Insu'lator Co.,
work, as aay insulator in use. ,935 Drexel JJuilding,
8th. Linemen cau halldle it as r~adily on the Phila., Penna.
pole. and can handle as many of them as of the
(;ic:l style; at the same time they are uot ham-
tiered with carrying loose tie wires.

i Is the liest Belting

ELECTRICAL WORKERS I ••• M3de ......
SEND IN·YOUR ORDERS FOR • • • •

EMBLEMATIC I Pawnt
Leather Pulley Ra~hide' Belt.
'BUTTONS I Covering.

A large Supply on band.

Solid Gpld. $1.00 each.
l SHULTZ BELTING COMPANY,
Ag.mt5 iu All Principal Cities.
ST. lOUIS, MO.
Rolled Gold. SOc: each.
__ .A. B. LAURENCE, ~:IaDager.
J. T. KELLV. Orand Secretary, GEO. T. KF;J.LY. Mana.ge!".
!Ie» Olive Street. 'ST. I,o.t:IS. YO. JAS. GARNETT, Manager.