A Paper

PREDICATES

By Group 2:

Aniatul jannah

Mutiara laila fitri

Irma elisa

Rokillah

TBI VI A

THE STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY SULTAN MAULANA HASANUDIN OF BANTEN

FACULTY OF TARBIYAH AND EDUCATION
ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
2019
 1. Predicator

Predicator is the word(sometimes a group of word) which does not belong to any of the referring
expressions and which of the reminder, makes the most specific contribution to the meaning of the
sentence.

Example:

a. You are beautifull

‘beautifull’ is a predicator
b. Your hair is curly
‘curly’ is a predicator
c. Jimmy was waiting for the downtown bus
‘wait’ is a predicator

The predicator in sentence can be of various parts of speech; adjective, verbs, proposition and nouns.
Be, conjunction and article cannot serve as predicator in sentences.

2. predicates

Predicate can be defined as a part that has an important function to identify arguments in
sentence, or describe the referring expression in a particular situation. According to Soekemi (2000: 25),
“a predicate is any word (sequence of words) which can function as the predicator of a sentence”. In this
case, predicator is as a central part of the analysis.

Example:

Tall, beautiful women entered the class

‘Tall’ ‘beautiful’ ‘women’ and class’ is predicates

3. differences between predicator and predicate

predicates identifies elements in the language system, independently of particular example

sentences. While predicator identifies the semantic role played by particular word(or group of word) in a
particular sentence.

Example:

A tall handsome stranger entered the saloon

Predicator: entered

Predicates: tall, handsome, stranger and saloon

4. classified of predicates

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 Predicate are classified into:

a. Zero-place predicate: predicate that does not require some referent or argument in the sentence.

Example: It is raining. The verb “rain” does not name anything in the subject “it”. The sentence has a
subject, because English requires a subject, but this subject does not correspond anything in the
sentence.

b. One-place predicate: predicate that requires in one arguments. Adjective usually one-place predicate.

Example: happy, cool, etc. For example: She is happy. “She” is an argument and “happy” is one-place
predicate which has the function as an adjective. This sentence is intransitive verbs, or it can be called
one-argument predicate. Argument names an actor that carries out the action (predicate). Predicates
tell what an argument did.

c. Two-place predicate: a verb or predicate with two arguments, namely as a subject and an object).

example: Jane teaches English. “Jane” is an argument as a subject in a sentence; “teaches” is two-place
predicate which has the function as a verb; and “English” is an argument as an object in a sentence.
Predicate is as a link between one argument as a subject and another argument as an object.

d. Three-place predicate: predicate with three arguments.

example: the museum is between the church and the school. “The museum”, “the church”, and “the
school” are arguments; and “between” is a three-predicate which has the function as preposition.

The degree of predicate or the classification of predicate which have number of zero, one, two, or
three of arguments are required when the predicate used as predicator in utterance or sentence.
Therefore, predicate can be functioned as predicator. Then, predicator becomes a central part of the
analysis.

5. Semantic role

Semantic role is a part of sentence in the basic type of semantic instead of predicate. Semantic role
is an argument which is played by referring expression. As Kreidler (1998: 68) states, the arguments that
accompany the predicate have different semantic functions, or roles, in the proposition. Predicate has a
function to identify the role of argument in producing meaning.

a. Soekemi (2000: 113) divides the roles played by referring expression called participant roles into:

-Agent: the person carrying out the action described. As example: the gardener in the gardener
opened the gate

-Affected: the thing or the person, upon which the action is carried out. As example: the door in the
gardener opened the door.

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 -Instrument: the thing by means of which the action is carried out. As example: the key in the
gardener opened the gate with the key.

-Beneficiary: the person for whose benefit the action. As example: students in the gardener opened
the gate for the students.

-Location: the place where the action described. As example: In campus in the gardener opened the
gate for the students in the campus.

b. According to Fromkin, Rodman, and Hyams (2003: 193-194) classify the thematic roles into:

-Agent, the one who performs an action. For example: Joyce ran.

-Theme, the one or thing that undergoes an action. For example: Mary found the puppy.

-Location, the place where an action happens. For example: It rains in Surabaya.

-Goal, The place to which an action originates. For example: He flew from Singapore to Surabaya.

-Instrument, the means by which an action is performed. For example: Freddie cuts hair with a razor.

-Experiencer, one who perceives something. For example: Ruli heard Beni playing the guitar.

-Causative, a natural force that causes a change. For example: The wind damaged the roof.

-Possessor, one who has something. For example: The tail of the dog wagged furiously.

6. variety of predicates

According to Kreidler (1998: 251), there are three groups of predicates, namely:

1. Attitudinal predicates: express mental.

It means that people have about their past experiences and possible future and general feelings about
likes, dislikes and preferences. Attitudinal predicate is a verb or adjective that expresses the feelings of
the subject. For example: I hate this music

“Hate” is kind of expression of dislikes to something.

2. Enabling and preventing: express actions that cause something to be done, enables someone to act,
or prevents someone from acting.

An enabling predicate is a verb or an adjective which tells that the following predication is made
possible. For example: we allowed the car to pass. “Allowed” is an enabling predicate by using of
authority. The subject “we” makes possible for something (“car”) to do something (“pass”).

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A preventing predicate is a verb which states that an agent causes the non-occurrence of the
predication. For example: I kept the ball from rolling away. “Kept” is a preventing predicate by using of
effort.

3. Perceptual predicates: express the sensations.

It is also called “sensory verbs”, express the sensations through five hands. For example: Alice heard a
funny song. “Heard” is a perceptual predicate by using sensory of ear.

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REFERENCES

Fillmore, Charles J. 1998. “The case for case”, in E. Bach and R. Harms, eds, Universals in Linguistic
theory (New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston), 1-88.

Fromkin, Victoria, Robert Rodman, Nina Hyams. 2003. An Introduction to Language. Seventh Edition.
USA.

Kreidler. Charless W. 1998. Introducing English Semantics. London.

Soekemi, Kem. 2000. Semantics A Work Book Second Edition. Surabaya: UNESA University Press.