URINE EXAMINATION

A urine sample can be analyzed using a number of different tests like urinalysis,
pregnancy test, RBC morphology, stat urine examinations and hemosiderin. These tests
can help doctors diagnose certain diseases or to monitor their progress. Here are some
of the laboratory procedures with their respective descriptions:
A. Urinalysis- is a laboratory test to detect problems of the body that can show
signs in the urine.
The Three Methods in Examining Urine
1. Microscopic Exam- This test looks at a sample of urine under a
microscope. It can see cells from urinary tract, blood cells, crystals,
bacteria, parasites, and cells from tumors. This test helps to diagnose:
Kidney disease
Urinary tract infection
Cancer
Reactions to medicines
Prostate infection
Liver disease
Viral infection
Yeast infection
Parasitic infection

2. Dipstick Test- This test uses a chemically treated plastic stick into
urine sample. The stick changes color based on the presence of
certain substances. This can help doctor to look for:
Bilirubin, a product of red blood cell death
Blood
Protein
Concentration or specific gravity
Changes in pH levels or acidity
Sugars

3. Physical Examination- Visual examination of the urine sample for

color and clearness
Clouded appearance, which can indicate an infection
Abnormal odors
Reddish or brownish appearance, which can indicate blood in urine

B. Pregnancy Test- This test measures the amount of human chorionic

gonadotropin (HCG) in urine. When pregnant, the body makes HCG. In a healthy
pregnancy, the amount of HCG in the blood increases a lot over a short time,
 usually doubling every two days. HCG can be found urine 2 to 3 days after it can
be measured in your blood.

C. Hemosiderin- Hemosiderin is a pigment formed when hemoglobin breaks down.

This test is used to evaluate and manage disorders involving the destruction of
red blood cells. This test may also be used to evaluate for suspected chronic
venous insufficiency.

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https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279350/

https://www.healthline.com/health/urinalysis#analysis-
methodshttps://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?contenttypeid=167
&contentid=urinanalysis_microscopic_exam

https://www.kidney.org/news/kidneyCare/spring10/UrineSamples
https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?contenttypeid=167&content
id=hcg_urine