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Something you
Occupation
do for living
Profession Vocation
Pharmacy
assistants
Collaboration,
Doctors
Service
Pharmacist Patients
Nurses
Dentists
Is pharmacy a marginal profession?
• Business
– Conflicting goals of PROFESSIONALISM and BUSINESS
– Pharmacists are health professionals who are also retailers
– Commercial influences
• Dependence on medical authority of the doctor
– The dispensing of medicines is within the power of an other
profession
– Prescription only medications (POM)
• Industrialization
– Formulation and packing is made my industry
– Reduction in the specialized compounding skills
Areas of practice
• Pharmacists are employed in many different areas of practice.
• After graduation you can choose from a wide range of career
opportunities:
1. Community pharmacy
2. Hospital/Clinical pharmacy
3. Pharmaceutical industry
4. Representatives of pharmaceutical companies
5. Medical research
6. Legislation, marketing authorisation, regulatory agencies
7. Medicine wholesaler companies
1. Community pharmacy
(Chemist, Drugstore, Retail pharmacy)
• Traditional tasks of pharmacists
– Preparation of medicines from recipes (extemporaneus
dispensing)
– Handling of prescriptions (POM: prescription-only medicines)
– Sale of medicines
– Assessment of quality and reliability of medicines
– Advice on symptoms and use of medication (counseling)
• Changes in community pharmacy
– Sale of pharmaceutical industry manufactured medicines
– Over The Counter medications (OTC)
– Health education, Health prevention programs
– Pharmaceutical Care
– Marketing, management
– Increasing use of computers and Information Technology (IT)
2. Hospital / Clinical pharmacy
• Traditional clinical pharmacy service
– Overall management of medicines on the ward
– Advice to medical and nursing staff
– Safe handling of medicines
– Improving patient care and safety
– Cost effective use of medicines
• New components in hospital pharmacy service
– Development of individual patient care plans
– Compounding of cytotoxic drugs
– Parenteral nutrition
– Drug interactions
– Evidence based medicine
Changing face of pharmacy:
new challenges and demands
Industrialization and
Classical pharmacy Modern pharmacy
practice practice Future of pharmacy
Separation of Medical (XVIII.-XIX. Century) (XX. Century) practice
and Pharmaceutical Preparation according
professions Scientific advances (XXI. Century)
to recipes
(XII.-XVII. Century) Pharmaceutical industry Medication Therapy
New drugs and Management
Healing and Preparation chemicals Increased use of tablets
of medicines Reduction in the Clinical services to the
Small-scale patient
Regulation manufacturing number of
extemoraneously Patient education
University education Pharmacopoeias, prepared medicines
Standard formualries Internet pharmacy
Patient care
Quality assurance
Hospital pharmacy
Keywords
• Profession • Compounding
• Dispensing • Formulation
• Prescribing • Counseling
• Prescription-only medicines • Community pharmacy
(POM) • Hospital and Clinical
• Over The Counter pharmacy
medications (OTC) • Undergraduate education
• Extemporaneus • Postgraduate education
• Life Long Learning