Drag Forces, Projectiles & Modelling Motion: Name

Aquinas College Physics Module 4.
2: Space, Time & Motion
Module 4.2
Drag forces, projectiles &
modelling motion
4.2.G Drag, projectiles & modelling motion
Topic Notes
Name:__________
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Aquinas College Physics Module 4.2: Space, Time & Motion
Important resources for this module:

All Prezi presentations, booklets, homeworks and
practical sheets are all available on the departmental
website:
www.aquinasphysics.com/42-space-
time--motion.html
www.alevelphysicsonline.com/motion
Excellent video tutorials made by an A level physics teacher for A

level physics students. If you need to go over any concepts again,
this is the first place that you should look.
Free access to the course textbook (via

the departmental website). Follow the
instructions on the website for how to
log in.
www.aquinasphysics.com/kerboodle
Challenging questions from GCSE level to Undergraduate physics problems.

If you are hoping for a B, A or A* you must be visiting this site and regularly
practicing the problems. They also run excellent workshops. Look out for these!!
https://isaacphysics.org/
Multiple-choice practice revision

questions on your phone. Revise on the
bus on the way in to college!!
www.gojimo.com/
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Studentship checklist
Tick the boxes when you have completed each of the tasks to do with this topic:
Have you… 
Completed the notes in this booklet so that all important details are recorded?
Answered all the questions in the main part of this booklet, practising the key skills needed
Watched the videos linked to in each section?
Made further notes from Prezis / videos / other sources in the spaces provided throughout the booklet
Answered all the mastery questions at the back of this booklet?
Completed and marked the homework booklet(s) associated with this topic?
Watched the video explaining all the questions on the homework(s) on this topic and taken detailed notes
of any corrections?
Found extra questions related to this topic to answer (e.g. on IsaacPhysics ; physicsandmathstutor.com ; the
stretch & challenge questions at the front of each physics lab.)?
Made revision resources for this topic (mind-maps / flashcards etc.)?
Found some stretch & challenge questions to practice at the front of the physics lab?
Which are the trickiest parts of this topic that you will focus your revision on when it comes to exam time?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
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Two-Year Course Overview

w.b. Lower 6 Upper 6
Homework Pack Homework Pack
09-Sep Induction, Maths Skills & Vectors September Mock
16-Sep 4.2.A 5.1.3.B
5.1.3 Astrophysics
23-Sep 4.2.B
30-Sep 4.2 Motion & Mechanics 4.2.C 5.1.2.A
5.1.2 Circular Motion & Gravitational
07-Oct
Fields
14-Oct 4.2.D 5.1.2.B
October Half Term October Half Term
28-Oct 4.2.E 6.1.2.A
6.1.2 Electric & Magnetic Fields ;
04-Nov 4.2 Motion & Mechanics 4.2.F 6.1.2.B
Particle Accelerators
11-Nov 4.2.G 6.1.2.C
18-Nov 3.2.A 6.2.1.A
25-Nov 3.2.B 6.2.1 Particle Physics 6.2.1.B
3.2 Materials
02-Dec 3.2.C 6.2.1.C
09-Dec 5.2.1.A
5.2.1 Heat Energy & Ideal Gases
16-Dec 3.1.2 Electricity 3.1.2.A 5.2.1.B
Christmas Holidays Christmas Holidays
06-Jan 3.1.2.B 5.2.2 Boltzmann Factor 5.2.1.

13-Jan 3.1.2.C 5.1.1.A
3.1.2 Electricity 5.1.1 Modelling (Radioactivity,
20-Jan 3.1.2.D 5.1.1.B
Capacitors & Oscillations)
27-Jan 3.1.2.E
03-Feb Mock Exam 3.1.2.E Mock Exam
10-Feb 4.1 Waves 4.1.A 5.1.1 Modelling 5.1.1.C
February Half Term February Half Term
24-Feb 4.1.B 6.1.1.A
02-Mar 4.1.C 6.1.1. Electromagnetism 6.1.1.B
4.1 Waves
09-Mar 4.1.D 6.1.1.C
16-Mar 4.1.E 6.2.2.A
23-Mar 6.2.2. Nuclear Physics 6.2.2.B
4.1 Quantum Physics
30-Mar 4.1.F 6.2.2.C
Easter Holidays Easter Holidays
20-Apr Revision & Mock Exam

4.1 Quantum Physics
27-Apr 4.1.G Revision
04-May 3.1.1.A Mock Exam
11-May 3.1.1 Imaging & Signalling Revision
18-May 3.1.1.B Exams Start
May Half Term May Half Term
01-Jun 3.1.1.C
3.1.1 Imaging & Signalling
08-Jun 3.1.1.D
15-Jun 5.1.3 Astrophysics 5.1.3.A
22-Jun End of Year Exam
29-Jul Work Experience Week
06-Jul 5.1.3 Astrophysics
Summer Holidays Summer Holidays
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Table of Contents
Studentship checklist ................................................................................................................................................. - 3 -
Learning Objectives ................................................................................................................................................... - 6 -
1. Projectile motion ................................................................................................................................................ - 9 -
The independence of vertical & horizontal motion.................................................................................................. - 9 -
Describing horizontal motion............................................................................................................................... - 9 -
Describing vertical motion ................................................................................................................................... - 9 -
Projectile problems ................................................................................................................................................ - 10 -
Some rules for solving projectile problems ....................................................................................................... - 10 -
Refresher: SUVAT equations ............................................................................................................................ - 11 -
Some example projectile problems ........................................................................................................................ - 12 -
Projectile problems A: Objects thrown and landing from the same level .......................................................... - 12 -
Projectile problems B: Objects thrown horizontally from a platform ................................................................ - 13 -
Projectile problems C: Objects thrown up to horizontal .................................................................................... - 14 -
Isaac physics questions on Trajectories / projectile motion ............................................................................... - 15 -
2. Terminal velocity & drag ................................................................................................................................ - 15 -
Terminal velocity ................................................................................................................................................... - 15 -
Weight vs. Mass ..................................................................................................................................................... - 16 -
Drag forces ............................................................................................................................................................. - 16 -
An example question.......................................................................................................................................... - 17 -
An example exam question on drag forces ........................................................................................................ - 18 -
Terminal velocity of falling cupcake cases ............................................................................................................ - 20 -
3. Modelling Motion ................................................................................................................................................ - 22 -
A simple example of a computational model of a projectile ................................................................................. - 22 -
A more complex example of modelling an object in free-fall ............................................................................... - 24 -
An example exam question ................................................................................................................................ - 25 -
Mastery Questions ................................................................................................................................................... - 27 -
Isaac physics questions on Trajectories / projectile motion ............................................................................... - 28 -
Space for your own notes......................................................................................................................................... - 31 -
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Learning Objectives
(a) Describe and explain
(ii) the trajectory of a body moving under constant acceleration, in one or TWO dimensions
(v) the principle of conservation of energy
(vi) power as the rate of transfer of energy

(d) Demonstrate and apply knowledge and understanding of the following practical activities
determining the acceleartion of free-fall using trap-door and electromagnet arrangements, light gates or
(ii)
video technique
investigating terminal velocity with experiments such as dropping a ball-bearing in a viscous liquid of
(iii)
dropping paper cones in air
Definitions / explanations you are expected to learn are given

stippled boxes for you to write them in
Equations you are expected to be able to use are given double

lined boxes.
Online learning checks and assignments are linked to in double

lined boxes
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4.2 Projectiles, drag, terminal velocity & modelling motion

Prezi 4.2.G Free-fall, These notes coordinate with Prezi 4.2.G on the departmental
projectiles & modelling motion website, and pages 178-183 & 207-210 (ish) in the course
goo.gl/JpqdFy textbook.
We have previously looked at examples of problems involving motion where we have simplified matters in two separate
ways:
1. We have assumed so far, that the effects of air resistance are negligible.
2. We have restricted the problems we have looked at to one dimension – that is motion along a single line.
In treating these problems, we have been able to use the SUVAT equations of motion. However, there will be cases
when we will want to look at more complex situations – either where we will need to consider the effects of drag forces
on the motion of an object, or where we will need to consider motion in more than one dimension.
In this section of the course we will address both of these issues.

We will start by considering the nature of motion when an object is
flies through the air (such as shown in diagram right). Paths such as the
one shown are known as TRAJECTORIES or PROJECTILE
MOTION.
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1. Projectile motion
The independence of vertical & horizontal motion
The video at goo.gl/o9Acw7 discusses the Monkey Hunter conundrum (QR code left), a classic Physics
thought-experiment highlighting how vertical and horizontal motion are independent of each other.
Describing horizontal motion
The image below shows the motion of a dirt-bike rider as they complete a jump through the air. Each consecutive image
is taken at a constant time interval.
STATE and EXPLAIN what the image tells you about the
nature of an object’s HORIZONTAL motion as it flies
through the air.
Describing vertical motion
The image right shows the motion of a diver as they fall through the air. Again, each consecutive image is taken at a
constant time interval.
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STATE and EXPLAIN what the image tells you about the nature of an object’s VERTICAL motion
as it flies through the air.
Projectile problems
Three excellent videos from www.alevelphysicsonline.com describe how to solve projectile problems.
These can be found on the youtube playlist at goo.gl/mSiYgU (see QR code right)
As can be seen from the image right of a tennis ball, the conclusions drawn about
horizontal and vertical motion on the previous page hold true for any object
undergoing projectile motion.
As such, we ALWAYS treat the horizontal and vertical components of an object’s
motion separately.
In the first instance, we will look at these projectile problems with the assumption
that air resistance is negligible:
Some rules for solving projectile problems
In the Prezi, four rules (or stages to follow) are stated to help you solve projectile problems. These are:
1.
2.
3.
4.
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Refresher: SUVAT equations
To solve projectiles, you will need to make use of the SUVAT equations that we covered in the first two weeks of the
course. State the four SUVAT equations below:
v= s=
in terms of u, a and t in terms of u, v and t
2
v = s=
in terms of u, a and s in terms of u, a and t
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Some example projectile problems
Projectile problems A: Objects thrown and landing from the same level
(1) A javelin is thrown at 25 m s-1 at an angle of 40o with the horizontal. How far does it go (assume it lands and
takes off from the same height)
(2) A body, projected upwards at 37º to the horizontal direction,

has an initial speed of 50 ms-1. Calculate how far from the point
of projection does it reach the ground again?
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Projectile problems B: Objects thrown horizontally from a platform
(1) A stone is projected horizontally from a 180 m cliff with a horizontal velocity of 20 m s-1,
before hitting the sea. Calculate:
(a) The distance the stone lands from the base of the cliff
(b) The velocity (speed and angle to the water surface) with which it hits the water
Distance = ……………….. m
Velocity = …………….. m s-1
@ ………o from the sea surface
(2) Suppose that an airplane flying at 60 m s-1 at a height of 300 m dropped a sack of flour. How far from the point of
release would the sack have travelled when it struck the ground?
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Projectile problems C: Objects thrown up to horizontal
(1) Some errant youths are throwing stones at a nearby abandoned building.
One throws a stone with a speed of 25 m s-1 at an angle of 55o to
horizontal. At the very peak of its journey it just reaches the roof of the
building. Calculate:
(a) The height of the building

(b) The distance between the building and the point at which the stone
is thrown.
height = ……………….. m
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distance = …………….. m
online learning & skills check

Isaac physics questions on Trajectories / projectile motion
1. Go to the page at isaacphysics.org/questions/ch_b_p4 (QR code right) and answer the questions.
It should take you 30-40 minutes. You will need paper and pen to work out the solutions to the
questions out before entering your answer into the browser.
2. Please complete this for the deadline that your teacher sets you:
3. Use the space at the back of this pack for your
working then input your answer to the Isaac physics
Deadline for this piece of work:……………………
website linked to above.
2. Terminal velocity & drag

The origin of drag forces and the effect they have on an object’s motion is discussed in two videos
from www.alevelphysicsonline.com on: (1) drag forces (goo.gl/YCcVZt; QR code left) and (2)
terminal velocity (goo.gl/NxR3Qx; QR code right).
For the vast majority of cases, we ignore any effects of air resistance when tracking or modelling an object’s motion. In
reality, however, we often have to consider how air resistance and drag forces will actually affect an object’s motion.
Terminal velocity
Shown right is the displacement-time graph of an object falling from rest.
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In the space below, complete the following tasks.

(1) Plot the velocity-time graph for the same object on the bottom set of
axes.
(2) In the space below, draw three labelled free-body diagrams showing the
size of different forces acting on the object at different stages of its
journey (positions 1, 2 and 3 on the graph)
Position 1 Position 2 Position 3
Weight vs. Mass

Explain the difference between an object’s MASS and its WEIGHT.
Drag forces
There are a number of factors affecting the size of the drag force experienced by an object moving through a fluid.
Suggest some of these factors in the space below:
Factors impacting the size of the drag force experienced by an object moving through a fluid.
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Fluid dynamics is a complicated topic; however we can give a
𝐹𝑑 =
general relationship between the velocity v than an object moves
at and the size of the drag force Fd it experiences:
*You will not be expected to recall this in an exam, but you may
State the equation for the drag force Fd acting on an object be expected to work with this equation, or one which is similar.
falling through a fluid:
An example question
Find the terminal velocity of a 2.0 mm diameter (spherical) raindrop, given that the drag coefficient Cd is 0.5. Assume
that g = 9.81 m s-2. (density of air = 1.23 kg m-3)
To help:
1. At terminal velocity, what do you know about the relative sizes of the weight and drag force?
2(i)
𝒎=
2. Which equations: 2(ii)
(i) link an object’s mass m to its volume V and density ?
(ii) gives the volume V of a sphere? 𝑽=
𝝆𝒘𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒓 =
3
3. What is the density  of water? kg m -3
terminal velocity = ……….. m s-1
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*Stretch & Challenge Question:

How would you expect the terminal velocity to change if the DIAMETER of
the raindrop doubled to 4.0 mm? Use the relationships right to help you
come to your solution.
An example exam question on drag forces
This question is about energy losses from a moving vehicle caused by forcing the air in front of it out of its way.
The figure below shows a bus moving at constant velocity v along a straight, level road through still air. The bus is
modelled as having a uniform cross-section.
The effects of a streamlined shape on the drag forces have been ignored in this model.
(a) The cross-sectional area of the bus is A. Use appropriate algebraic equations to explain why the mass m of air
displaced by the bus in a time t is given by
𝒎 = 𝝆𝑨𝒗𝒕
where  is the density of the air.
[2]
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(b) In this model, the air displaced by the bus is forced to move at the same speed v as the bus. Show that the kinetic
energy Ek gained by the air displaced in time t is given by
1
𝐸𝑘 = 𝜌 𝐴 𝜈 3 𝑡
2
[1]
(c) Use the equation given in (b) to calculate the power dissipated into the air when a bus of cross-sectional area 9.0
m2 travels at a constant speed of 20 m s-1 ( = 1.2 kg m-3)
power = ………………… W [2]
(d) A typical car carries two or three people while a typical coach carries 45 people. Discuss the advantages &
disadvantages of travelling between towns by these different methods.
You should include comparisons of energy losses and other factors of importance for travellers.
[4]
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Terminal velocity of falling cupcake cases

You did a practical experiment where you measured the terminal velocity of some cupcake cases using two different
methods.
Method 1: Without using position sensors and data-logging software
Outline what you did and how you found the terminal velocity
Outline how you minimised uncertainties whilst using this method.
Outline any further steps that you could have taken in order to further improve this method.
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Method 2: Using position sensors and data-logging software

Outline what you did and how you found the terminal velocity
Explain the data collected and how you obtained the terminal velocity from the data logging software. A sketch graph
would help with your explanation.
Outline any advantages and disadvantages with this method.
Explain how you tested to see if the square of the terminal velocity was proportional to the mass of the cases dropped.
1 2𝑔
𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 = 𝑑𝑟𝑎𝑔 ; 𝑚 𝑔 = 𝐶𝑑 𝜌𝑎 𝐴 𝑣 2 ; 𝑣 2 = (𝐶 ) 𝑚
2 𝑑 𝜌𝑎 𝐴
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3. Modelling Motion
Pages 178-183 in the course textbook will help you in understanding the following section (goo.gl/t7WBkx), see
QR code right.
In some questions you may be asked to work with an ITERATIVE COMPUTATIONAL MODEL that describes
motion.
EXPLAIN what is meant by the term ITERATIVE, and how computational models work.
A simple example of a computational model of a projectile

 For objects with constant velocity (or for horizontal motion), we can track the variation of the displacement of
the object through time usually by following the steps outlined below:
1. find/record the displacement of the object at the start of time step 1, s1
2. find the velocity of the object, v
3. assume that the object travels a displacement s1 over the time step, found by s1 = v t
4. find the new displacement at the start of the next time step, s2, by adding the displacement at the start
of time step 1 to displacement travelled over the duration of timestep 1: s2 = s1 + s1
5. Repeat this process for a number of time steps.
 For objects under constant acceleration (e.g. under the action of gravity), the model can track both the
variation of the objects velocity and displacement through time.
o To track velocity:
1. find/record the velocity of the object at the start of time step 1, v1
2. find the acceleration of the object, a
3. assume that the object undergoes a change in velocity v1 over the time step, found by v1 = at
4. find the new velocity at the start of the next time-step, v2, by adding the velocity at the start of time step
1 to the change in velocity over the duration of the timestep: v2 = v1 + v1
(v may be positive or negative, depending on the context)

5. Repeat this process for a number of time steps.
o To track displacement:
o Follow the steps for horizontal motion, but you will have a different velocity for each timestep which you
use to work out the change in displacement.
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Complete the table below to model the motion of the crazy young daredevil
shown in the image right.
You need to fill in the boxes in the shaded areas.
Some hints on the equations you need to use are given at the top of each
column.
The cliff height is 10 m and he takes a running leap horizontally at a velocity of
2 m s-1. Assume the effect of air resistance is negligible.
horizontal motion vertical motion

change in
displaceme velocity accn change in change in
duration displacem displacement velocity at
nt at start of throughout throughout velocity displaceme
time of time ent over at start of start time
time time time over time nt over time
t/s interval time time interval interval vv /
interval interval vh / interval, ah interval interval
t / s interval sv / m ms-1
sh / m ms-1 / ms-2 vv / ms-1 sv / m
sh / m
s2 = s1 + s1 s = v t s2 = s1 + s1 v2 = v1 + v1 v = a t s = v t
0.0 0.2 0.00 2.0 0.40 0.00 0.00 -9.8 -1.96 0.00
0.2 0.2 0.40 2.0 0.40 0.00 -1.96 -9.8 -1.96 -0.39
0.4 0.2 0.80 2.0 0.40 -0.39 -3.92 -9.8 -1.96 -0.78
0.6 0.2 2.0 -1.18 -5.88 -9.8 -1.96 -1.18
0.8 0.2 2.0 -2.35 -7.84 -9.8 -1.96 -1.57
1.0 0.2 2.0 -9.8
1.2 0.2 2.0 -9.8
1.4 0.2 2.0 -9.8
1.6 0.2 2.0 -9.8
We can use the model above to find out, for example, approximately how far away from the cliff edge the jumper is
when he hits the sea, or what time it takes for him to complete the jump etc.
Time taken to complete the jump = …………… s
Distance from the cliff when the jumper hits the sea = ………………. m
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A more complex example of modelling an object in free-fall

When an object falls through a fluid, drag forces will act. As such, the acceleration will depend on the object’s velocity.
We can use our computational model to take account of this.
(1) For an object falling through a fluid, the acceleration can be found by the equation right
where K is a constant accounting for the shape, cross-sectional area, mass and surface
texture of the object, the density of the fluid etc. In this particular example (of a ball falling
a=g–Kv 2
through the air) experiments have shown that K = 0.30

(2) In the first case, at time t = 0 s, the ball is yet to start its downward motion. As such, the values of v and s are 0,
whilst the acceleration a = 9.8 (we will assume downwards is the positive direction).
(3) Calculate the value of a at t = 0.2 s, using the value of v from the previous time-step (at t = 0 s) and the equation
anew = 9.8 – (K × vprevious2)
(4) Calculate the value of v at t = 0.2 s, using the value of a from the previous time-step (at t = 0 s) and the equation
vnew = vprevious + (aprevious × t)
(5) Calculate the value of s at t = 0.2 s, using the value of v from the previous time-step (at t = 0 s) and the equation
snew = sprevious + (vprevious × t)
(6) Repeat for the next line in the table
time acceleration velocity displacement

t/s a / m s-2 v / m s-1 s / m s-1
0.0 9.8 0.0 0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Looking at your values above, answer the following:

(1) What are some disadvantages of using ITERATIVE COMPUTATIONAL MODELS?
(2) How can ITERATIVE COMPUTATIONAL MODELS be altered to generate results closer to the actual outcome?
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An example exam question
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(facing page)
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markscheme for this question is available at

goo.gl/C6knD9 (QR code right)
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Mastery Questions
These questions have their background in the ethos that anything is hard when you don’t spend much time on
it, and that things become much easier the more your practice. You will know this if you are learning to drive,
or when you pick up any other new skill for the first time. I would say that playing the piano is really really
hard. But I’ve probably not spent more than a few hours when I was very young trying. Someone who has spent hours
practising playing the piano would probably tell you that it is easy as it comes naturally to them – neglecting to mention
all the hours of practice that they have put in.
PHYSICS IS NO DIFFERENT!! THE MORE YOU PRACTICE THE BETTER YOU GET.
Have a go at the mastery questions on the following pages. You can input your answers and check they are right on the
isaacphysics.org website (see separate links for each section). You should be aiming to get correct at least the number
given at the top of each section before you can consider yourself to have mastered each of these core concepts.
online learning & skills check

Isaac Physics B4: Trajectories / Projectile motion
1. Go to the page at isaacphysics.org/questions/ch_b_p4 (QR code right) and answer the questions.
It should take you 30-40 minutes. You will need paper and pen to work out the solutions to the
questions out before entering your answer into the browser.
2. Please complete this for the deadline that your teacher sets you:
3. Use the space at the back of this pack for your
working then input your answer to the Isaac physics
Deadline for this piece of work:……………………
website linked to above.
** For the following questions, DRAW THE DIAGRAM and follow the stages suggested on p.8 of this booklet.
Skills mastery 12/15
B4.1 to B4.10
Complete the values in the table below, assuming that all projectiles are launched horizontally and fall downwards with
an acceleration of 9.8 m s-2.
Horizontal distance / m Horizontal speed / m s-1 Time to reach target / s Distance fallen / m
4.0 4.0 B4.1 B4.2
20.0 B4.4 0.020

B4.3
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Horizontal distance / m Horizontal speed / m s-1 Time to reach target / s Distance fallen / m
86 220 B4.5 B4.6
1.5 B4.7 B4.8 0.32
B4.9 280 B4.10 6300
B4.11 You are trying to shoot horizontally at a target 30 m away with a gun which fires a bullet at 150 m s -1. How high
must the gun be above the target in order to hit it?
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B4.12 You are trying to drop essential survival supplies from an aeroplane to help the survivors of a crash who are
stranded. You are flying 300 m above them, and your aircraft can travel no slower than 30 m s -1. You fly on a
straight line which will pass over the survivors. How far (in metres) in advance of the survivors do you need to
drop the package?
B4.13 A rugby player is aiming for a conversion. He kicks the ball at 15 m s -1 at an angle of 50o to the horizontal. At
the time, he is 20 m from the posts. How much time will the ball take to reach the posts?
B4.14 How high will the ball in question B4.13 be when it reaches the posts?
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B4.15 A cricket batsman hits a ball at a speed of 27 m s-1 at an angle of 60o to the horizontal. How far away would you
have to stand in order to catch it, assuming you want to catch it just before it hits the ground?
Space for your own notes

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Drag Forces, Projectiles & Modelling Motion: Name

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Aquinas College Physics Module 4.

2: Space, Time & Motion

Important resources for this module:

Excellent video tutorials made by an A level physics teacher for A

Free access to the course textbook (via

Challenging questions from GCSE level to Undergraduate physics problems.

Multiple-choice practice revision

Watched the videos linked to in each section?

Answered all the mastery questions at the back of this booklet?

Two-Year Course Overview

Christmas Holidays Christmas Holidays

06-Jan 3.1.2.B 5.2.2 Boltzmann Factor 5.2.1.

Easter Holidays Easter Holidays

20-Apr Revision & Mock Exam

(v) the principle of conservation of energy

(vi) power as the rate of transfer of energy

Definitions / explanations you are expected to learn are given

Equations you are expected to be able to use are given double

Online learning checks and assignments are linked to in double

4.2 Projectiles, drag, terminal velocity & modelling motion

In this section of the course we will address both of these issues.

Describing horizontal motion

Describing vertical motion

Some rules for solving projectile problems

Refresher: SUVAT equations

Some example projectile problems

(2) A body, projected upwards at 37º to the horizontal direction,

Projectile problems B: Objects thrown horizontally from a platform

Velocity = …………….. m s-1

@ ………o from the sea surface

Projectile problems C: Objects thrown up to horizontal

(a) The height of the building

online learning & skills check

2. Terminal velocity & drag

In the space below, complete the following tasks.

Position 1 Position 2 Position 3

Weight vs. Mass

Fluid dynamics is a complicated topic; however we can give a

terminal velocity = ……….. m s-1

*Stretch & Challenge Question:

An example exam question on drag forces

power = ………………… W [2]

Terminal velocity of falling cupcake cases

Outline how you minimised uncertainties whilst using this method.

Method 2: Using position sensors and data-logging software

Outline any advantages and disadvantages with this method.

A simple example of a computational model of a projectile

(v may be positive or negative, depending on the context)

horizontal motion vertical motion

0.6 0.2 2.0 -1.18 -5.88 -9.8 -1.96 -1.18

0.8 0.2 2.0 -2.35 -7.84 -9.8 -1.96 -1.57

1.0 0.2 2.0 -9.8

1.2 0.2 2.0 -9.8

1.4 0.2 2.0 -9.8

1.6 0.2 2.0 -9.8

A more complex example of modelling an object in free-fall

through the air) experiments have shown that K = 0.30

time acceleration velocity displacement

Looking at your values above, answer the following:

An example exam question

markscheme for this question is available at

online learning & skills check

4.0 4.0 B4.1 B4.2