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By TOMINOSUKEOTSUKIe*
S m MX
) Sn-Mf( Vn-m)
or its subdomain (Theorem 3). And for the case in which one of the two
principalcurvaturesis simple,thenwe have infinitely
manyimmersedminimal
hlypersurfaces
otherthan
11
ln-1 1,
whichare not congruentto each otherin Snl (see Theorems4, 5 and Remark
followingTheorem5 fordetails). An interesting unsolvedproblemis whether
any of them,otherthan the above one, is imbedded(i. e., withoutself-inter-
sections). This problemdependscompletelyon the analysisof the solutions
of an ordinarydifferentialequation of order two (see Appendix), but the
authorhas not been able to draw a definiteconclusionregardingthis point.
The authorwishesto expresshis appreciationto ProfessorS. S. Chern
who gave him a motivationto considerthis problemand ProfessorT. Kato
who gave him good advice about treatmentof the periodsof the solutionsof
this differential
equation.
1. Minimal submanifoldsof M-index- 1 in a Riemannian manifold
of constant curvature. Let M be an (n + p) -dimensionalRiemannian
manifoldand M be an n-dimensionalimmersedsubmanifoldin M by the
immersionqi: Me-> M. Let F (M) and F (M) be the orthonormalframe
bundlesover M and M. Let
and put
=A I*jiA, DAB ifZIAB.
(1.1) oia= A
Soipj, Aajj = Aaji.
(1.3) tI(E
aa
aea) ((EaA Yj).
Then, we call dim(fb(kerim)) M-indexof M in M at x.1
THEOREM1. Let M be an n-dimensional minimalsubmanifoldimmersed
in an (n + p) -dimensional
Riemannian manifold M of constantcurvature
withM-index1 everywhere.Then thereexistsan (n + 1)-dimensionaltotally
geodesicsubmanifoldof M containingM as a minimalhypersurface.
Proof. From the assumption,we restrictthe considerationon the subset
B1 of B such that
con=O, @p O, %+ip ?
(1.6)
1 ,n, n+2, n+p.
1 See [4].
(2.1I) Xiwip
Uin+1=z 1,2,* . . n
. dA,A wi +
dwjin+j.-d)ti A wi + Aidw, A4
wj A wji.
we get
(2.3) dA4A + (A-kj) jA j 0.
Putting
(2.4) 9= ( -\j)o)j W=Oi,
Noticingthat the termsin the braces of the righthand side are all zero in
mod{,wj, j C [i] } and Wjand wk of the termsin the thirdE belongto different
classes of indices,we easily see that the systemof Pfaffequationsfor fixedi
=
dAX =Aj Bjjj + E Bjjkwk
kE [jr]=[t]
Hence, we have
(3. 6) foar:= O == 0
-ar
A-IA
Hence we have
and analogously
0 = dwaor
= (a A
/ r + <)an+,A wn),.r-G& A Cor
(3.9) >n-m _.
= . (O.abeb+ (Xen+1-e+2)
bC?m
We have also
d(e +2- Xe,+l) = E.mwiei- A E.,+aet = ( + A2)E waew
* i a'<m
These show that M1?m (x) and M2n-"n (x) lie in the intersectionsof SI1
and (mn+ 1) and (n - m + 1) -dimensionallinear subspacesElm+1(x) and
E2B-m+1(x) respectively and that these E1BmI(x) and EB2nm+1() are parallel
to fixedE1m+1 and E2n-m+lrespectivelyand Elm+1 I E2nP-m+1.
Theseintersections
are rn-dimensional
spheresof curvature
X2 + 1=
M=Sm(Jm) XSn-m(xnJm).
in Rn2.
dA = dAa = a Baab'O)b
+ BoaanW= n(On
'b--n-1
Baab=O, a, b < n 1 Baatn=X,n;
d,u_dxn-= Bnnawa+ Bnnnn =,nn
a-<n-1
Bn,na-~OnB,nnhtut(n -1)),n-
By means of these and (2. 7) and (2. 8), we have
(3.11) dv.
Then we have
(3.12) Wan (logXl/n)'Wa,
(logAAln)"dV
= Awa + (log J/1I)' A wj,a
z (Rwj
(3.(313)
13) ~(lOgk1/nf)" 2 + (n
((log J/nf)1) (-)X- )2 c =O 0
that is
d21\ m? 1 dA
(3. 13') dv2 nA (dv)+n2 (-
nX{n_1)2 A2c O
1 +
(3.15) (dw )2?+ 2 w2= C,
whereC, is the integralconstant. Hence, we have the differentsituationin
this case comparedwith the case 2 ? m
__ n -2. That is, we have many
minimalhypersurfaces in iM corresponding to the values of constantC,..
hence putting
(3. 16) W el A e2 A. . *A e- A { (logkl-/")'e, + ke+- e>2b
we get
(3. 17) dW (log kl/')'Wdv.
-- { ( (log X'/n))')2
2+ A2 + 1}Wa Awb,
Sn+1 C Rn+2 - R* X R2
Ven+2 N~~~~~~m
(4. 3)
and the arc lengthu of C is given by
(4.4) du = {h(0) + h"(0) }dO )
and, as is well known,the radius of curvatureis h(0) + h" (0). Using 9.+
and. e+21 we have
e7, e2+2 0
(4.5) q= h%j+1 - he2, dq= j.+,du.
Supposing C is containedin the unit circle,we definea functionp > 0 by
(4.6) p2== -- ll
11q1 =-h2_(h')2.
M in Sv+1by
Now we definea hypersurface
(4.9) dp wia,
V 1- h2 (h V1h2
(4.11) - +h")dOd du,
p p
By simplecomputation,
we can choosethe normalunit vectorof M in Sn+1by
-h
(4.13) e+1= (Vn2(P +
+h'1+1) -V1 - h2n+2.
hp hp h
/-h2
Vi
uZ
h2<a,dC,n>= / -hh2 V]4+
V-2Wna
VI 1 _h71,2
(aa
that is
h
(4.14) Wan+l
=@XOa,
={7/1
1-h2hS{- h' kp/
{ph"-v h.)'+P(h-h)'
ht _2 -\/1- h2 }do
(4.15) , h(h+h ) _ 2} dO
h __________
(4.16) tS-hS V (h4+h")V(1-h2)3
Thereforethe condition (n - X4-
+ = 0 that M is minimal in Sn+1
can be given by
(n-1)h h 1_-__h2(h__)_ 2
_
-\/ -h r . ::
h
Vi -h2 {V1 (h+h"f)V(1
- 2)3h
by (4.14), (4.16) and (4.6), that is
(4.17T) nh(l_h2) d
d2h dh)2
27h+ (dh + (1-h 2 )(nh 2 _) O.
df 21{
1 1
h
1-f n h 2(1-h) 2 (I + h)
Integrating this equation, we get
h=2
1 -f C( I h2)-ln C constant,
that is
h2 + ( )2 -1 or Il everywhere.
Therefore,if we take any solutionh (0) of (4. 17) withthe initial condition:
we have
h2() + (M(0) )2<
as long as 0 < h(0) < 1, but this is trneby means of a resultin Appendix.
Also by Appendix,h(0) is periodicwith respectto 6 except the case h (0)
= constant. We have a nnique constantsolutionof (4.17), that is
(4.22) h(0)1=+
whichis a closedintervala0 ? h ? a,, 0 < aO <.a < 1, where ao, a, are the
two solutionsof the equation
1
(4. 21') O< h(O)= a< -=, h'(O)==O
V/n
and denotethe solutionof (4. 17) with (4.21') by h(6,a) and the minimal
hypersurface immersedin Sn+1 correspondingto h(0, a) by Mn (a). By (4. 19)
and (4. 21'), the integralconstantC is givenby
dh
(4. 27) o)(a) ~2
1l-h2_C( 2- ) 1/n
since
h(0, a) =h(206- 0 a),
11
(4.29) 27r?A.
(4. 28) shows clearly that if 27r is a period of h(0, a), then it must be
((a) = 27r. This is the only one case corresponding to compactimbedded
hypersurfaces exceptthe case (4.23). In conclusion,we have
THEOREM 5. Any completeminimalhypersurface M immersedin Sn+1
(n ? 3) of the typein Theorem4 is given by the followingmethod.
(i) C is a plane curvein R2 given by
q (0) == e(-12) (h (0) + ih' (0)),
whereh(6) is a solutionof the differential
equation (4. 1T) with
1
O <h(O) =a< - h'(0)-O.
n (n-:1)ao2 n n a
A -- V (
1-a2
ao _
A1-a <nn1a2
If a = a, -- 0, then a, -> 1 -0. Therefore for any interval [b0, b] (b0 > 0)
there are constantsa such that the corresponding Mn(a) is compact (i. e.,
? (a)/27ris rational) and the range of 11
A 1Icontains [b0,b1].
Appendix.
In the following,we will investigatesome propertiesof the solutionsof
the ordinarydifferential
equation of order2:
d2h dht2
(1) nh(I h) dS d) + (1 h2) (nh 2 _
) 0.
Any solutionh(0) of (1) such that 0 < h(0) < 1 will be obtained,as
stated in ? 4, by integratingthe followingequation
is givenby the set of pointsof the curvey= (1-1)1/n (O < x < 1) beneath
x
the line y = (1 - x). As easily seen, this curve intersectsat two points
with this line through(1, 0) when
and the tangentline at (-, (n - 1)1/n) is the onlyone through(1, 0). And
n
let the x-coordinatesof the above two pointsxo, xl, then
( (c) a2
Jo5 + d
cos(pdo dop
(6) r2cos
JO /cos2+ C (cot2(p)1/n ? |1
--P(p)
[p(
where
and
sin=,8 Va =--I/
Vn.
d do
(9) FoF(c) - Pi(c)
?4-I p (+,') 1P(+
01I(u)
F(C)
F1(C = \FoCc
cj V du,, CO=-P( )=1/(a).
G,(c)al(c)
=4'=
X () udu=fXC-00(l'(c
1~
co\/ 6-f O t/t
t) dt,
co dt.
and (II)
cJi(c+ct)
(I)an C-CO-i (c+Ac- t) t) dt
=lim C
J6O O1' Vt p1'(c-
=lim{[
el-- O
V
c-c0
i(co+c) +AC + t) --
(C Ac -t)
si(O + Ac
(II) = fc+ Ac
I
.dt
V(c-o cC)t
0,
f(c + AC e f(0 c c-c 0(c
O*a-a + AC t) qb(c t)
lim{ et/ dt}.
H:erewe replacedupper bound c- -co -E of the integralin the braces with
c-c, since 0,(u) is continuous. By the continuityof O:L(u), 01(CO) O
and the mean-valuetheoremforintegrals,(I') is negligiblewhenwe consider
Taking a fixedpositiveco> 0 such that 0 < co< c - co,for 0 < e < e0,
we have
Pi(c +
AC f 0 (C f)
q,1(c + Ac -t) - (C -t) dt
(C?AC V
-E) -P ((C )Ce
2 fe
to) 01(C t
ACt)p (c.t)
at
dt
V ~ ~~et\/Vt
(Pi(C + AC
CGCo C-t)- (p c t)
VEo~~~~~~~~~
hence
C (PI (
fG_o C+ ACc-t)- (p C t)
Thus, we get
we have easily
C-Ce-El tVt
1 j- C-Co
<
-
3 (01 (c + Ac- t) 01 (c -t) )dt}
(c Co E1) 2 C-CO-E1
(C -Co
1-
)2
JCo+El
r3
3{
2
o+6:L+A C0+A
l(u)du - J f (u)du}
C
C0+AC
and analogously
f-Co p1(c+Ac- t)-q1(c-t) dt
JC-CO-El t \/t
1 (~C0+El+AC C C0+AC
t=U C CO cj- co A +
i (Co + 61)
c
3
(C _Co _61)
hence
Urn
lim lim q1o(Pi(c?+AC -t) t - +(1(c
Urn,(-Of(+c )dt
t)ci=0 0.
e:L->o \c-o+
-co-e1 AC t-Vt
Thereforewe get
(12)
(12) urn
li f~~000d1Oi (c+/-l-1(
-?m (c +AC -t) -p(c -t) dt= jc-co tt
p1'(c-t) dt.
- 0p 01 (c- ) dt.
cdt}
idx
Putting
g(x) =x(1-x)-Cx'-a(1-x)'1=x(1-x) (1- C
we have
J
and {x g(x) O,0 <x < 1}- [x0,xj]. Clearly,by (15), g(x) takes its
maximumon [x0,x,] at one point x = x2,pxO < x2 <xi. Let g (x2) a> 0. =
Now putting
L (x) (g' (x) ) 2 + 4g(x),
we have
L'(x) 2 (g"(x) + 2)g'(x).
o(c) ao -x
dx
02
+ $
dx
___
()
2g
> = [sin-' ]0a = 7r. Q. E. D.
-JVg(a-g) a
LEMMA 3. lim ? (c) 7V2ir.
1->/q/(a)
(17) (x)
LmzL (g'(x) ) 2 +mg (x),
then
Lm'(x) (2g"(x) + m)g'(x)
First, we assume m > 2. Since C =q(x0) < * (x) < ip (a) on (x0,x1),
we have
to cafor m, we have
> 2 ra dg 2ir
+mo V/g(a-g) Vm
V
for c sufficiently
near 1/1(a). Hence we get
(18) l (c -- tT
C-14(a) V/2
Next, we suppose0 < n < 2, then we have on (x0,X1)
(19)
=m-4+ 2a(1-a) = a(c
2{ -a) 4-rn
x(I-x) {x(1=x) 2 }
4- rn _ _ _ _ _ _
Since > 1 and lim c(1- ) 1, if we take xo also sufficiently
near
2
-
X-->ax(I- X)-
to ccfor rn,we have
Hence we get
2 a dg 2ir
0J(C) < Vio g (a - g) - mrn
for c sufficiently
near 1/+(a). Hence we get
4o
LEMMAn or
ll)(a) < c _ 1/<(ai), E)(c) < 2r, where(i is thesolu-
tion of 3x(1 -x) =--2a(1 - ), a, <a.
Hence we have
g",(xi) 2 a(1 - a)
9 (+XI(l-x)
Let c2 be the solutionof 2x(1 - x) a(1 - c), c2 < c1. Then,if 0 < x0 <c2,
1 2 < X1, we have g"(xi) > 0, i = o1 and x0 < XQ < a, <X1 <X1. The
conditions0 < xI < a2 and 1I-2 < xi are equivalentto c > 1/if(1 -c2).
For such c, the curvey g (x) is convexdownwardon (x0,x.) and (x,xi)
=
g(x)>g -IE)
1g (j))(& -x)on x
therefore
lim(c)?4\Il ?f dx <4
lim0(c) _ 44 _ + /( < 4 +1 f r.
0-->001-lej Vx(1 -x) \I1 E?
Since E is any positivesmall number,we get fromthis and Lemma 2
lim?9(c) Ir Q.E.D.
c- C00
REFERENCES.