Sunbeam School Varuna,

Varanasi
Session: 2019-20

Chemistry Investigatory Project

On:
TO EXTRACT ESSENTIAL OILS PRESENT IN
SOUNF(ANISEED),AJWAIN(CAROM) AND
ELAICHI(CARDAMOM)

Submitted To: Submitted By:

Devendra Kr. Tiwari Shubham Mishra
H.O.D. Chemistry XII-G
School Roll No:23
Board Roll No:

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Contents:

S.NO. CONTENT
1. INTRODUCTION
2. EXPERIMENT
3. THEORY
4. PROCEDURE AND
REQUIREMENTS
5. OBSERVATION
6. CONCLUSION AND
PRECAUTIONS
7. BIBLIOGRAPHY

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:
I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to
our principal Dr. Anupama Mishra, Sunbeam School
Varuna, Varanasi for encouragement and for all the
facilities that she provided in this project.

I extend my hearty thanks to our coordinator Mrs.

Manju Rai, as well as my teacher Mr. Devendra Kumar
Tiwari(H.O.D. Chemistry) and lab incharge Mr. Nitin
Kumar Srivastava for the help and guidance he provided
for completing the chemistry investigatory project.

They gave me the golden opportunity to do this

wonderful project on the topic ‘Extraction of essential
oil from sounf (aniseed) ,ajwain (carom) ,elaichi
(cardamom)’ , which also helped me in doing a lot of
research and I came to know about so many new things.

I would also like to thank my parents and friends who

helped me a lot in finalising this project within the
limited time frame.

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 PREFACE:
As a student of class XII (Science Group), I was required
to make this chemistry investigatory project on the topic
‘Extraction of essential oil from sounf (aniseed) ,ajwain
(carom) ,elaichi (cardamom)’. Apart from being
important for my board exams this project has also
helped me gaining a lot of knowledge and information
regarding the same.

In this project, I have tried to include every possible

concepts, explanations, reasons and conclusions
regarding the experiment. The project is divided into
sections like: observations data analysis and comparison
between natural milk and soya milk.

My efforts have been directed to words making my

project exciting and easy to go through.

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 Sunbeam School Varuna, Varanasi

Department of Chemistry

CERTIFICATE:

This is to certify that Shubham Mishra, a student of XII

G has successfully completed the project on the topic
‘Extraction of essential oil from sounf (aniseed) ,ajwain
(carom) ,elaichi (cardamom)’ under the guidance of Mr.
Devendra Kumar Tiwari (HOD Chemistry) and Mr. Nitin
Kumar Srivastava (Lab In-charge) during the academic
session 2019-20 in the fulfilment of Chemistry Practical
Examination by CBSE New Delhi.

Internal Examiner External Examiner

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 Experiment
To extract essential oil present in
 Saunf (aniseed)

 Ajwain(carom)

 Elaichi(cardamom)

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Aniseed Essential oil

Aniseed, on steam distillation, yields an essential

oil, known as `Oil of Aniseed`, which has now
replaced the fruits for medicinal and flavoring
purposes. Aniseed oil is a colorless or pale-yellow
liquid having the characteristic odour and taste
of the fruit. The yield of oil generally varies from
1.9 to 3.1 per cent. Higher values up to 6 per cent
have been reported from Syrian aniseed. Crushing
of fruits prior to distillation gives better yields of
oil. The material should be distilled soon after the
crushing to prevent any loss of oil due to
evaporation.
Aniseed oil is a highly refractive liquid,
which solidifies on cooling. The congealing point
depends much on the anethole content and is a
valuable criterion for evaluating the oil. Exposure
of the oil to air causes polymerization, and some
oxidation also takes place with the formation of
anisaldehyde and anisic acid. The chief
constituent of aniseed oil is anethole, which is
present to the extent of 80 to 90 per cent and is

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mainly responsible for the characteristic flavor of
the oil. The oil also contains methyl chavicol ,
p-methoxyphenyl acetone, and small amount of
terpenes and sulfur containing compounds of
disagreeable odour.

USES OF ANISEED OIL:-

Ø In aromatherapy, aniseed essential oil is used to

treat colds and flu.

Ø Aniseed oil can be made into a liquid scent and

is used for both hunting and fishing. It is put on
fishing lures to attract fish.
Ø Anethole, the principal component of anise oil,
is a precursor that can eventually produce 2,5-
dimethoxybenzaldehyde which is can be used in
the clandestine synthesis of psychedelic drugs
such as 2C-B, 2C-I and DOB.
Ø Oil of aniseed is also reported to be used as an
aromatic carminative to relieve flatulence, and as
an ingredient of cough lozenges in combination
with liquorice.

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Ø Essential oil is also used externally as an
insecticide against small insects such as head lice,
mites and vermin. It also has fungicidal properties.

Carom essential oil:

Carom seeds are also known as ajwain , Thymol

seeds, Onum , Ajma , Ajmodika and bishops
weed. They are the tiny, cute, delicate and oval
shaped herbs with a penetrating fragrance. Carom
seed belongs to the family of cumin and parsley.
These seeds have been used since years as they
consists number of medical properties. Because of
their strong aroma, carom seeds are highly used
for the Indian culinary.

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 Carom seeds are sharp and hot with the
burning taste, that’s why few seeds are enough to
bring the flavour in any Indian recipe. Carom
seeds can be whole or powdered one. It is always
advisable to buy whole carom seeds as they can
be easily turned into powder form just by grinding
them in a smooth powder.

USES OF CAROM SEEDS:-

These seeds are used for the tempering or tadka’s

in the dishes.

Ajwain has strong, dominant and distinctive taste

and flavor, that’s why few seeds are enough to
bring exotic fragrance to the vegetarian and non-
veg food.
Ajwain can be used for making pickles as well.

The aroma and unique taste of ajwain is used for

making various types of roti’s, parathas, thepla’s
and so on.

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They are specially used in different types of meat,
snack recipes and dal recipes to enhance the
flavor.
Soups, stocks and stews can be flavoured with
few seeds of ajwain.

Ajwain are highly incorporated for making various

salad dressings and Indian bakery items.

Cardamom Essential oil:

Cardamom provides a warming and stimulating

tonic .Cardamom is also an excellent choice for
the digestive system. I am sure I don’t have to tell
you that Cardamom is greatly admired and
extensively used as a culinary spice all over the
world. You can also try a gargle with
Cardamom if you suffer with halitosis (bad
breath). Why not try 1 drop Cardamom and one
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drop of Peppermint in a small amount of water as
an effective way to freshen your breath!

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USES FOR CARDAMOM
1 Smoothies
Add some cardamom to fruit smoothies to give them an extra edge. It
doesn’t matter what flavor the basic smoothie is – in fact, the more
exotic the better.
2 Fruit loaves
If you want to jazz up your banana bread or add a bit of life to your
tired fruit loaf recipe, then a touch of ground cardamom will make a
world of difference. Just add the spice when you are mixing in the rest
of the dry ingredients and you will get a lovely warm, rich flavor from
the finished loaf.

3 Bread
As with fruit loaves, a sprinkling of cardamom will do wonders for your
bread rolls and loaves. Don’t worry about the cardamom turning savory
breads into sweet; the spice will just a hint of warmth to the flavor and
you can add as little or as much as you like, depending on taste.

4 Puddings

Many desserts benefit from the addition of cardamom – rice pudding

works especially well, but you could also try adding a little ground
cardamom to ice cream, set custards, yogurt, and baked fruit.

5 Casseroles

A few pods added to a casserole dish will give a lamb, chicken or

vegetable casserole an extra zing and makes a great entertaining or
moving house meal.

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REQUIREMENTS:-
Steam generator (Copper Vessel), round bottom
flask (500 ml), conical flask, condenser, glass
tubes, iron stand, sand bath, separatory funnel,
tripod stands, burners, Ajwain(Carum), Petroleum
ether(60-
80°C),Saunf(Aniseed) .

PROCEDURE:-

Set the apparatus as shown in the picture of

Experimental Setup. The apparatus consists of a
steam generator connected to the round bottom
flask through a glass inlet tube. The flask is
connected to a water condenser through a glass
outlet tube. Condenser is further attached to a
receiver through an adaptor. Taken about 750 ml
of water in the steam generator and started
heating to produce steam. In the round bottom
flask taken about 75 gm of crushed saunf. A
vigorous current of steam from steam generator is
passed through the round bottom flask. A part of
the steam condenses in the round bottom flask.

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As more and more steam is passed, the steam
volatile components of saunf pass through the
condenser along with steam. These contents on
condensation are collected in the receiver. The
contents in the round bottom flask may be heated
by a bunsen burner to prevent excessive
condensation of steam.
The process of steam distillation is continued for
about half an hour. Transfered the distillate to a
separating funnel and extract with 20 ml portions
of petroleum ether 3 times. Combine the
petroleum ether extracts in a 250 ml conical flask
and dried it with the help of anhydrous sodium
sulphate. Removed the solvent from the dried
filtrate by careful distillation in a water bath. The
essential oil is left behind in the distillation flask.
Find the weight of the extracted essential oil.
Note the colour, odour and weight of the
essential oil.

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OBSERVATIONS:-
Name of Item Weight Initial Weight Weight Percentage of Colour of Odour of
of Item Weight of bottle of essential essential oil the the oil
(x) + oil (y/100)*100 oil
taken
essential extracted
oil (y) (y-x)

100 gm 10gm
Colour-
1.) SAUNF 11.25 gm 1.25 gm 1.25 % Saunf like
smell.
-less
(ANISEED):-
75 gm 10 gm 1 gm 1.33%
2.) AJWAIN 11 gm Colour- Ajwain like
(CAROM):- -less
smell

80 gm 10 gm 11.05gm 1.05gm 1.05% Elaichi like

Colour- smell

-less
3.)ELAICHI
(CARDAMOM):-

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Conclusion

“HENCE WE HAVE EXTRACTED ESSENTIAL OILS

FROM 75 GM OF SOUNF(ANISEED),

AJWAIN(CAROM) AND ELAICHI(CARDAMOM)”

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Precautions

• If you accidentally spill essential oils – Clean any

spillage with an absorbent material such as

kitchen roll.

• If you accidentally get essential oils in your eye –

Flush with copious amounts of MILK for at least

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 15 minutes and seek medical advice if symptoms

persist.

• If you accidentally swallow essential oils – Rinse

mouth with MILK and seek medical attention.

• Handling – Do not eat, drink or smoke when

handling. Respect good personal hygiene.

• Always mix with carrier oil before applying to the

skin. Never apply to inflamed or broken skin.

• Do not use neat on skin.

• Do not take internally. If pregnant seek medical

advice before using.
• Storage – Store in a cool, dry place away from

heat and direct sunlight. Always use original

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 containers. Avoid contact with polished surfaces

and plastic.

• Keep essential oils away from children and pets

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

COMPREHENSIVE CHEMISTRY PRACTICAL CLASS-

XII. Ø

HTTP://EN.WIKIPEDIA.ORG/WIKI/ANISE Ø

HTTP://WWW.ESSENTIALOILS.CO.ZA/ESSENTIAL-
OILS/ANISEED.HTM

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