Sie sind auf Seite 1von 17

WIND TURBINE MODEL By :

Sulis Setiowati / 404595

USING NOVA MODELLER Eka Legya Frannita / 404561


Zulfanahri /404604
PROBLEM RAISED
How to design wind turbine at certain place,
what are the parameters included in the
modelling process?

How about in Indonesia?


BACKGROUND

Rotational Electrical
Kinetic Energy Kinetic Energy
(Wind) Energy
(Turbine) (Mechanical)

When planning a wind farm it is important to know the expected


power and energy output of each wind turbine to be able to
calculate its economic viability.
VARIABLES DEFINITION USED IN THE TURBINE MODEL
E = Kinetic Energy (J) ρ = Density (kg/m3)
P = Power (W) A = Rotor Swept Area (m2)
m = Mass (kg) 𝑑𝑚
= Mass flow rate (kg/s)
𝑑𝑡
v = Wind Speed (m/s)
x = Distance (m)
Cp = Power Coefficient 𝑑𝐸
= Energy Flow Rate (J/s)
𝑑𝑡
r = Radius (m)
t = Time (s)
𝜔 = Angular speed of turbine
𝜆 = Tip Speed Ratio
𝜃 = Blade Pitch Angle
MATHEMATICAL FORMULATION OF ENERGY
Kinetic energy of an object having mass m and velocity v is equal to the work done,
W, in displacing that object from rest to a distance x under a force F :
𝐸 = 𝑊 = 𝐹𝑥
According to Newton’s law : 𝐹 = 𝑚𝑎
Kinetic energy becomes : 𝐸 = 𝑚𝑎𝑥 … (1)
Third equation of motion: 𝑣 2 = 𝑢2 + 2𝑎𝑥 → 𝑢 is initial velocity = 0
𝑣2
Then 𝑎 =
2𝑎𝑥
1
From equation (1)  𝐸 = 𝑚𝑣 2 … (2)
2
MATHEMATICAL FORMULATION OF POWER
𝑑𝐸 1 𝑑𝑚 2
Power in the wind is the rate of change of energy : 𝑃 = = 𝑣 … (3)
𝑑𝑡 2 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑚 𝑑𝑥
rate of change of mass : = 𝜌𝐴
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑥
rate of change of distance : =𝑣
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑚
Then, = 𝜌𝐴𝑣
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝐸 1
From equation (3), Power : 𝑃 = = 𝜌𝐴𝑣 3 … (4)
𝑑𝑡 2
MODEL OF POWER
MATHEMATICAL FORMULATION OF WIND TURBINE
Actual mechanical power P extracted by the rotor blades is the difference between
upstream and downstream wind powers :
𝑑𝐸 1
𝑃= = 𝜌𝐴𝑣 (𝑣𝑢2 − 𝑣𝑑2 )
𝑑𝑡 2
𝑣𝑢 +𝑣𝑑
As the wind velocity, 𝑣, is the average of up & downstream wind velocity :
2
𝑣 𝑣
𝑑𝐸 1 (1+𝑣𝑑 )(1−(𝑣𝑑 )2 )
Becomes 𝑃 = = 𝜌𝐴𝑣𝑢 3 𝐶𝑝 … (5) with 𝐶𝑝 = 𝑢 𝑢
𝑑𝑡 2 2

𝐶𝑝 is power coefficient which is not a static value, it varies with tip speed ratio of the
wind turbine (λ)
𝑣𝑑 (1+𝜆)(1−𝜆2 )
𝜆= … (6) then 𝐶𝑝 = … (7)
𝑣𝑢 2
MODEL OF WIND TURBINE
BETZ’ LIMIT OR BETZ CRITERION
A German physicist Albert Betz concluded in 1919 that :
“No wind turbine can convert more than 59.3% of the kinetic
energy of the wind into mechanical energy”

PROOF
𝑑𝐶𝑝 1+𝜆 1−𝜆2 −2𝜆 1
= = 0, that makes → 𝜆 = -1 or 𝜆 =
𝑑𝜆 2 3
1 1
1 (1+3)(1−(3)2 )
Substitute 𝜆 = will get 𝐶𝑝𝑚𝑎𝑥 = = 0.593
3 2
Reference, Proof of Betz law : http://mstudioblackboard.tudelft.nl/
But it’s only a theory
How is in the real world ?

frictional losses, blade surface roughness, mechanical imperfections

0.35 − 0.45
(below the Betz limit)

value is unique to each turbine type


AFFECTING POWER PRODUCED? TSR – TIP SPEED RATIO
Number of Blade
Optimal TSR (𝜆) depends on number of blade, n, in the wind turbine where
4𝜋
𝜆𝑜𝑝𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑙 =
𝑛
Pitch Angle
𝐶𝑝 is a function of the TSR (𝜆) and the blade pitch angle 𝜃 (degree) :
𝐶𝑝 = 0,5167 116𝛽 − 0,4𝜃 − 5 𝑒 −21𝛽 + 0,0068𝜆 … (8) where
1 0,035
𝛽= − 3 … (9)
𝜆+0,008𝜃 𝜃 +1
POWER COEFFICIENT
n Blade TSR
2 6,28
3 4,19
4 3,14
5 2,51
6 2,09
8 1,57
9 1,4
10 1,26
12 1,05
WIND FARM IN INDONESIA Location: Sidrap, Sulawesi Selatan
Wind Site: Medium
Wind Speed: 4.5 – 5.5 m/s

Turbine Specifications:
 Gamesa - G114 Turbines
 Rated Power: 2.5 MW
114 m Diameter
3 – Bladed
 Adaptive Pitch and Variable Speed
 Cut-in wind speed: 2,5 m/s
 Rated wind speed: 10 m/s
Cp: varies with the v, 𝜔, and 𝜃 ( 30% − 40%)
GAMESA MODEL 114 - 2.5MW

With wind speed range from


4.5 to 5.5 m/s. The turbine can
produce average electrical
power ≈ 0,283151 MW

283,1514 kW

If 30 Turbines are about to


build, then power generated :
8494,542 kW
THANK YOU

Das könnte Ihnen auch gefallen