Research Worksheets (RW)

RW 1
Research Introduction
Create a Research Space" (CARS) Model
By: J O H N S W A L E S, Genre Analysis, CUP, 1990

My Research Topic:

LGBTQ Stands To the Legality of Same – Sex Marriage

Move 1 Establishing a Territory (Situation)

Step 1: Claiming Centrality (and/or)
LGBTQ are increasingly open, acknowledge, and visible part in our society. Many
concern people faced this information about the health status of this community
and these are clinicians and researchers. Although this is the modest body of
knowledge on LGBTQ health has been developed over the last two decades, much
remains to be explored.

Step 2: Making Topic Generalizations

In research years researchers have become increasingly interested in the
legalization of same sex marriage. The legalization of same sex marriage has been
a raging battle of concern since the late twentieth century, but has become a
prominent subject in today’s society. While many are still in disagreement with
the legalization of same sex marriage, there has been an evident arise of the same
sex marriage supporters within the last couple of years. The Human Rights
Campaign generated what may be considered a major reason for this rise in
support.

Step 3: Reviewing Previous Items of Research

D.M. Ang and D. Bayot (2011) conclude that in today’s generation, homosexuals
have been widely accepted by the majority may it be a gay or a lesbian. People
have come to recognized the existence of the” third sex” and through time they
have also accepted “same-sex relationship” in our society.

Establishing a Niche (Problem)

Ronaldo F. Frufonga, PhD., FRIEdr

1
Move Counter-claiming
2 According to Francis Tolentino (June 19, 2018), “it would weaken the definition
and respect for the institution of marriage. Denying marriage to two individuals is
to deny them a fundamental freedom. Marriage to two individuals is to deny them
a fundamental freedom. Marriage is sacred; it is not to be taken lightly. The most
important thing in marriage is love. Marriage is a successful institution and it
makes senses to open it to as many people as possible. Since the beginning of
history, couples have soft to seal their love and solemnly bind themselves together
through marriage. Opening that bond to all will strengthen the society.
Legalization recognizes reality. There are gay people, they love each other and
they want to commit to each other through marriage in the same way as straight
couples.

Indicating a Gap
Long way before the RH Law, women empowerment and strong promotion and
recognition of human rights like a decade ago, Philippine settings/society in
characterized as a community of people who are preserve, conservative, strongly
influence by religion and further uphold and protect the sanctity of marriage, a
permanent u ion of man and women with a purpose of reproduction/producing
offspring. Because of this, less people go into research about LGBTQ and on the
legalization of same sex marriage. People consider LGBTQ and same sex marriage
as deviance, an abnormality and a violation of teachings/beliefs of church, as a
result no comprehensive theory appear to exist and study about them are very
limited.

Ronaldo F. Frufonga, PhD., FRIEdr

2
 Question-raising
In modern times SSM did not exist until the 21 st century when an increasing
number of countries began permitting same sex couples to marry legally. This
study presents statistical and related evidence concerning SSM worldwide, with
special attention to the limited States where SSM has evolve into a major political
and legal issue. In additioninto examining data on levels and trends, differentials
between men and women are investigated. The study also considers common
arguments for and against SSM and likely changes in laws and policies that may
occur. Although same sex marriage now existsin small number of countries and
U.S., its consequences and implications are being few far beyond the borders of
those countries and areas. In coming years, same sex marriage will remain a
controversial and salient part of the legal, political, and cultural landscape locally,
nationally and internationally.

Ronaldo F. Frufonga, PhD., FRIEdr

3
 Continuing a Tradition

. Opponent of same-sex marriage argued that individual states are acting in the
public interest by encouraging heterosexual relationships through marriage
policies, so voters and legislators in each state should be able to set their own
laws.

Some groups such as the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops

cited the secular benefits of heterosexual marriages particularly the ability of
heterosexual couples to reproduce, as Daniel Silliman reported at the Washington
Post.

It is a mistake to characterized laws defining marriage as the Union of one

man and one woman as somehow embodying purely religious viewpoint over
against a purely secular one, the bishops said in their amicus belief. “Rather, it is a
common sense reflection of the fact that [homosexual] relationships do not result
in the birth of children, or establish households where a child will be raised by its
birth mother and father”.

Other groups like the conservative Family Research Council warned that
allowing same-sex marriage couples to marry would lead to the breakdown of
traditional families. But keeping marriage to heterosexual couples, FRC argued in
an amicus belief, allows the state to “channel the potential procreative sexual
activity of opposite sex couples into stable relationships in which the children so
procreated may be raised by their biological mothers and fathers”.

To defend same sex marriage bans, opponents head to convince courts

that there’s a compelling state interest in encouraging heterosexual relationships
that isn’t really about discriminating against same-sex couples.

But a majority of Supreme Court Justices and most of the lower courts
widely rejected this argument, arguing that same-sex marriage bans are
discriminatory and unconstitutional.

Ronaldo F. Frufonga, PhD., FRIEdr

4
Move Occupying a Niche (Solution)
3 Step 1A: Outlining Purposes (or)
The aim of this study is to determine the stand and part of LGBTQ and to hear
the side of the points of third sex to the legality of the same – sex marriage.

The study mainly spotlight the constitutionally of legalizing same – sex

marriage in the Philippines comprising LGBTQ rights against inequality and
discrimination.

Ronaldo F. Frufonga, PhD., FRIEdr

5
 Step IB; Announcing Present Research

In the landmark 2015 case Obergefell v. Hodges, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled
that all state bans on same – sex marriage were unconstitutional, making gay
marriage legal throughout America. The ruling was a culmination of decades of
struggles, setbacks, and victories along the road to full marriage equality in the
United States. Early Years: Same seax marriage Bans

In 1970, just one year after the historic Stonewall Riots that
galvanized the gay rights movement, law student Richard Baker and librarian
James McConnell applied for a marriage license in Minnesota.

Clerk Gerald Nelson rejected their application because they were a same –
sex couple, and a trial court upheld his decision. Baker and McConnell appealed,
but the state Supreme Court affirmed the trial judge’s decision in 1971.

When the couple appealed again, the U.S. Supreme Courtin 1972 declined
to hear the case ‘ for want of a substantial federal question, “ this ruling effectively
blocked federal courts from ruling on same – sex marriage for decades, leaving
the decision solely in the hands of states, which dealt blow after blow to
those hoping to see gay marriage becoming legal.

In 1973, for instance, Maryland became the first state to create

a law that explicitly defines marriage as a union between a man and
woman. Other states quickly followed suit: Virginia in 1975,
and Florida, California and Wyoming in 1977.

Of course, numerous other same-sex couples across the country

had also applied for marriage licenses over the years, but each ended
in a somber note like Baker and McConnell’s case. Though the gay
rights movement saw some advancement in the 1970s and 1980s—
such as Harvey Milk becoming the first openly gay man elected to
public office in the country in 1977—the fight for gay marriage made
little headway for many years.

Marriage Equality: Turning the Tide

InFRIEdr
Ronaldo F. Frufonga, PhD., the late 1980s and early 1990s, same-sex couples saw the
6
Research Worksheets (RW)

Ronaldo F. Frufonga, PhD., FRIEdr

7