COUNT

FUNCTION: It is used to get the number of entries in a number field that is in a

range or array of numbers.
SYNTAX: =COUNT(value1,[value2],…)
EXAMPLE:

COUNTA
FUNCTION: This function counts the number of cells that are not empty in a
range.
SYNTAX: COUNTA(value1,[value 2],…)
EXAMPLE:

COUNT BLANK
FUNCTION: This function returns a count of empty cells in a range. Cells that
contain text, numbers, errors etc. are not counted. Formulas that return
empty text are counted.
SYNTAX: =COUNTBLANK(range)
EXAMPLE:

SUM
FUNCTION: this function totals one or more numbers in a range of cell.
SYNTAX: =SUM(value1,[Value2],…)
EXAMPLE:

MAX
FUNCTION: this function returns the largest value in a given set of numeric
values.
SYNTAX: =MAX(number1,[number2],…)
EXAMPLE:
MIN
FUNCTION: This function returns the smallest value from the numbers
provided
SYNTAX: =MIN(number1,[number2],…)
EXAMPLE:

AVERAGE
FUNCTION: This function returns the average (arithmetic mean) of the given
set of values.
SYNTAX: =AVERAGE(value1,[value2],…)
COUNTIF

FUNCTION: This function is used to count cells that meet a single criteria.
COUNTIF can be used to count cells with dates, numbers, and text that match
specific criteria.
SYNTAX: =COUNTIF (range, criteria)

EXAMPLE:
SUMIF

FUNCTION: SUMIF Is a function to sum cells that meet a single criteria. SUMIF can
be used to sum cells based on dates, numbers, and text that match specific
criteria. SUMIF supports logical operators (>,<,<>,=) and wildcards (*,?) for partial
matching.
SYNTAX: =SUMIF (range, criteria, [sum_range])
EXAMPLE:

AVERAGEIF
FUNCTION: AVERAGEIF function returns the average (arithmetic mean) of all numbers in a
range of cells, based on a given criteria.
SYNTAX: AVERAGEIF( range, criteria, [average_range] )

EXAMPLE:

CONCATENATE
FUNCTION: This function concatenates (joins) several text strings into a
single text string.
SYNTAX: =CONCATENATE(text1,[text2],…)
EXAMPLE:

VLOOKUP
FUNCTION: it is a tool for looking up a piece of information in a table or data
set and extracting some corresponding data.
Looks up the value vertically.
SYNTAX:
=VLOOKUP(lookup_value,table_array,col_index_num,[range_lookup])
EXAMPLE:

=VLOOKUP(lookup_value, table_array, col_index_num, [range_lookup])

DROPDOWN LIST
FUNCTION: it is used to enter data in a spreadsheet from a predefined item’s
list.
STEPS: 1) select the cell
2) Go to data -> data validation
3) in the dialog box, select LIST.
4) specify the range of the items to be shown in the drop down list.
EXAMPLE:

TRANSPOSE TABLE
FUNCTION: If you have a worksheet with data in columns that you need to rotate to
rearrange it in rows, use the Transpose feature. With it, you can quickly switch data from
columns to rows, or vice versa.

STEPS: 1) Select the range of data you want to rearrange, including any row or column
labels, and press Ctrl+C

2) Choose a new location in the worksheet where you want to paste the transposed table,
ensuring that there is plenty of room to paste your data. The new table that you paste there
will entirely overwrite any data / formatting that’s already there.

Right-click over the top-left cell of where you want to paste the transposed table, then
choose Transpose

EXAMPLE:

HLOOKUP

FUNCTION: =VLOOKUP(lookup_value, table_array, col_index_num, [range_lookup])

SYNTAX:
=HLOOKUP(lookup_value,table_array,col_index_num,[range_lookup])

EXAMPLE:

TEXT TO COLUMN
FUNCTION: To separate the contents of one Excel cell into separate columns, you can use the 'Convert
Text to Columns Wizard'. For example, when you want to separate a list of full names into last and first names.

STEPS: 1. Select the range with full names.

2. On the Data tab, in the Data Tools group, click Text to Columns.

3. Choose Delimited and click Next.

4. Clear all the check boxes under Delimiters except for the Comma and Space check box.

5. Click Finish.

CONDITIONAL FORMATTING
FUNCTION: it quickly highlights the important information in a spreadsheet.

STEPS: 1) Select the desired cells for the conditional formatting rule.

2) From the Home tab, click the Conditional Formatting

command. A drop-down menu will appear.
3) Hover the mouse over the desired conditional formatting type, then
select the desired rule from the menu that appears.
4) A dialog box will appear. Enter the desired value(s) into the blank
field.
5) Select a formatting style from the drop-down menu.

6) The conditional formatting will be applied to the selected cells.

NOTE: multiple conditional formatting rules can be applied to a cell, range or
worksheet, allowing the user to highlight the different trends and patterns in
the data.
EXAMPLE:

CUSTOMIZING RIBBON
FUNCTION; The ribbon can be customized by creating own tabs with
whichever commands we desire.
STEPS: 1. Right click the ribbon and select customize the ribbon form the
dropdown menu.
2, from the excel option dialog box, locate and select new tab.
3. select a command and click ‘add’.
4. click ‘okay’ when done.
 EXAMPLE:

CUSTOMIZATION- QUICK ACCESS TOOLBAR

FUNCTION: helps in adding customised commands, import and export
toolbars, keyboard shortcuts and reset customization.
STEPS: 1. Click on the customize quick access toolbar option OR right click
on it.
2. click ‘options’ and add quick access toolbar from the drop down list.
3. select more commands OR select the commands to remove.
4. click ‘okay’ to save changes.

FREQUENCY

FUNCTION: this function returns a frequency distribution, which is a summary

table that shows the frequency of each value in a range. FREQUENCY returns
multiple values and must be entered as an array formula with control-shift-enter.
SYNTAX: =FREQUENCY (data_array, bins_array)

NOTE:
data_array - An array of values for which you want to get frequencies.

 bins_array - An array of intervals ("bins") for grouping values.

BAR GRAPH

FUNCTION: The graph represents categories on one axis and a discrete value in the other. the goal is to show
the relationship between the two values.

STEPS: 1. Select all the data that you want to be included in the bar chart

2. choose chart from the insert menu

3. to give your chart a name, click on chart title.

4. locate and open the spreadsheet from which you want to make a bar chart.

5. click finish.

EXAMPLE:
HISTOGRAM
It is a common data analysis tool in the business world. It’s a column
chart that shows the frequency of the occurrence of a variable in the
specified range.

STEPS:
1. First, enter the bin numbers (upper levels) in the desired range

2. On the Data tab, in the Analysis group, click Data Analysis.

3. Select Histogram and click OK.

4. Select the desired range.

5. Click in the Bin Range box and select the desired range.

6. Click the Output Range option button, click in the Output Range box and select desired/any cell.

7. Check Chart Output

8. Click OK.