Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
College of Arts
Department of Sociology
Sta. Mesa, Manila
Conducted by the PUP-BS Sociology 3-1 -CO 2008 Gulod and Kaytome Team
On their summer course Community Organizing (CO/SO370) SY: 2008
Gulod Team
Abletis, John N.
Adraque, Joann C.
Aglipay, Kathleen Cara A.
Alonzo, Carel Joyce E.
Gitano, Meann C.
Go, Kathlene Rea S.
This
4th week of June, 1st semester of SY 2008-2009
19
Acknowledgement
Our deepest gratitude should be known to those people who helped us in
conducting this one month research and immersion activity at Brgy. Gulod, Talim
Island, Binangonan, Rizal.
To our parents who have financed our one month immersion activity and have
offered their love, care and trust while we were in the field.
To the PUP Department of Sociology (Chair Emanuel De Guzman and the
faculty) for allowing the BS Sociology 3-1 class to conduct their summer course
immersion/organizing activity in the Province of Rizal.
To the Provincial Government of Rizal, especially to Gov. Casimiro Ynares and
to the Municipality Government of Binangonan, especially to Mayor Cecilio
Ynares, for allowing us to conduct our one month immersion and research
activity within their jurisdiction. Such gratitude is being extended for their warm
welcome to us, the PUP CO 2008 Gulod and Kaytome Team on a socialization
event at the Brgy. Gulod’s Covered Court.
To the Barangay Government of Gulod and Kaytome, Talim Island, Binangonan,
Rizal, especially to Brgy. Captain Jesus “Kapitan Jess” Añis and Brgy. Captain
Florencio “Kapitan Tugs” Dominguez for giving us the warmest welcome that
they could ever give, as well us for providing us the local documents we needed
for the completion of this study.
To Kuya Alvin (Alvin Dominguez) who helped us in working out our legal
documents to the local government officials. He was also the one who introduced
us to KG6 and helped us during our ocular visits in the place.
To the elders (pamunuan) of the KG6 band (Kaytome-Gulod 2006 Youth Band
Inc.), especially to Tito Emiliano “Kuya Emil” Dominguez who personally
accepted us despite his tight schedule. Kuya Emil, Salamat po ng marami!
To Mr. Loreto “Pangs” Rivera, president of the KG6 band who accommodated
our one month stay in his two houses at the two barangays. He acted as our
father while in the conduct of this month long activity. Marami pong salamat sa
pagtanggap amin.
To Kuya Froylan and Ate Liza who showed us the process of making charcoal.
To Kuya Philemon sa mga kwento at turo tungkol sa paghahalaman. Kay Ate
Elvie (Kapitana), Kuya Reymunto, Nanay Ave, at Tatay Ingo sa pagsama sa’min
sa maisan. To KC and Jhed sa pakikisama at pakikipagkaibigan.
To the facilitators of our 3 day seminar-workshop within the two barangays. Fritz,
Jr, (etong dalawang eto ang tour guide namin sa Mt. Tagapo) Rr, Melvin, SK
Chair Jason, and Ricky. Salamat sa inyo! Salamat din sa pakikisama!
To the 1st and 2nd batches of KG6 youth band, Salamat kasi kinaibigan nyo kami
at tinanggap nyo kami sa paraang kaming-kami.
And to whom should I give the greatest thanks of all? Syempre to God, he is the
one who provided us all of what we now, and what we have accomplished during
our stay in Talim. Karapat-dapat nga siyang purihin.
Sa inyong lahat, maraming-maraming
SALAMAT PO!!! 18
Introduction
Sociology is the study of society, its processes, interactions, and
possible solutions for the alleviation of some of the social problems that
undertaking and view about society is also being shared by other fields of
specific scope of focus (ex. Pol. Sci for political aspect), what makes
Sociology different from its brother sciences is that it views society both in
continuously being created, with that hope that it could provide us a better
friends, community, etc.) and how such understanding could help us face
18
These Sociology programs are adherent to the theoretical aspect of
much of its graduates enter the field of community organizing. The two
It all started at the PUP Chapel last March (2008) when the junior
their subject World Literature. After the play, majority of the regular junior
students formed a group, this group would be their group for their
18
Community Organizing in the approaching summer season (this would be
the group, our classmates, in Janosa), while the Animal kingdom (a clique
composed of seven friends) disbanded on its own. The new group was
composed of Carel, Kathlene, Cara, and Meann. With the fear of being left
alone, another group merged with them, composed of John, Pec, Joann,
Spud, Kresta, and Larraine. These thirteen junior students would be the
ones composing the PUP-CO 2008 Kaytome and Gulod Team. The
Metro Rizal. Carel’s family has a family friend in Brgy. Kaytome, the
Dominguez clan, according to her such family tie up originated since time
immemorial (sabi niya kasi mga lola pa raw niya ang nakakaalam nun). In
conducting CO, one requirement is for the students to look for NGOs
our mediator and one of Carel’s family friends, offered KG6. KG6 is a
band dedicated to the training of youth musicians imbued with the spirit of
18
Talim, the team decided to divide their group into two, one for Kaytome
and one for Gulod. With the supervision of KG6 as our host organization,
John, Joan, Carel, Cara, Mean, Kathlene, and Spud were assigned to
trusted research firm, has its practical purpose, specially needed and used
for the people. In short, in its ideal state, laws and policies are based on
Brgy. Gulod is not intended for such purpose, since this is only a
any valuable information that could be generated from this research which
could be used as bases for laws and policies for the improvement of the
18
The researchers hope that future researchers, or any of the
common people who would turn the pages of this research paper on,
Philippines, from April 28- May 24, 2008. The study was conducted by the
(CO/SO 370).
These two types of research have two different types of research designs,
the quantitative for the descriptive research which would be using the
structured interviews as its data-gathering tool, and the qualitative for the
18
life within the community. Thus, the researchers have used more than one
maximize data gathering during their one month stay. The structured
interview (as a primary tool in gathering data) itself was done only on the
third week of the immersion activity, that is, from May 12-16, 2008.
community study was done on a one month basis, that is, from April 28 –
Gulod, Talim Island, Binangonan, Rizal, with a research time frame of one
month (from April 28-May 24, 2008). Thus, because of the research’s
constituted about 4.55% out of the 1,515 total number of residents (as of
18
under consideration, the sampling percentage will rise to 25.56% (69 total
The respondents were chosen via quota sampling in the sense that each
who was doing something and then would just stop to entertain the
interviewers).
were the primary reasons as to why the interviews were done on a limited
parents. They also experienced time constraint because there were other
sets of planned activities in the community other than the research itself,
more focused on the third week rather than on the first two weeks of the
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people was really exhausting, that researchers also have to work out their
daily house chores thus consuming their energies, and by considering the
fact that there were only seven researchers in Brgy. Gulod. Establishing
rapport and developing good interpersonal skills also faced big challenges
Sources of Information
This research made use of primary and secondary sources of data.
reflections, bits of information that were thoroughly reported with the use
frequent interaction with the community folks, the researchers also made
18
“pakikipagtsismisan”, and “pakikipagusap.” Also included in the diary were
out and used elsewhere, but were found to be useful for the present study.
In this research, the Brgy. Report of 2007 and some of the files from the
f Wherein:
P= n x100 P- percentage
f- frequency/number of responses
n- total number of respondents
18
Description of the Respondents
The 69 respondents (4.55% of the total Brgy. Gulod population or
were mothers, however the research was not specifically limited for them
Their ages range from 22 to 77, majority of them have 2-4 number of
(27.54%), were literate (i.e. able to read and write), have blue collar jobs (
number of respondents).
18
A
Community Study
of
Barangay Gulod
(In a brief ethnographic sense)
PART 1
18
I. Community Identification and Overview
present day Brgy. Gulod) has a very spacious land area, thus, making it
as the largest barangay in the island of Talim (Isla de Talim) at that time.
On those beginning years, the large barangay has two sitios, Sitio
mountainous terrain. The flora of the place was mostly bamboo trees and
fruit bearing trees. Houses were few, made of nipa (kubo), and had great
distances apart from each other. Sitio Harimonas was truly rural at that
time, with simple and quite life; people could enjoy its peaceful ambience.
Because of its touristic scenes, rich natural resources, and natural beauty,
that the convention of teñente del barrios at that time had to agree to the
hilly terrain, “Gulod” (meaning high place). Such naming became popular
youths, the name of the place was conventionally changed into Barrio
18
Gulod. Also, because of the name “Gulod”, the first basketball team of the
18
Brgy. Gulod and Brgy. Kaytome has a post land mark near the
Parang
Libis
track of land which has the plain features (kapatagan), the parang and the
libis. The Parang is a grassy land near the lake, while libis is a plain
located on the boundary of Brgy. Gulod and Kaytome. Both of the two
plains were former rice paddies that were converted, through time, into
residential lands.
A B
E F
K L
Hilly part of Gulod M
Aerial view of Gulod shot from the peak of Mt. Tagapo N
Old Barangay hall Open court
GULOD WATERWORKS & SEWERAGE SYSTEM (GWSS)
SMART cell site
Q (GWWSS)
Jehovah’s
Brgy.witnesses
Gulods new
kingdom
brgy. hall
O Ynares Multi-purpose
Brgy. LibraryCovered
and daycare
Court
C D
Old light
Municipality
house (Parola)
Annex
18
Map of Brgy. Gulod (with the land marks included)
K
N
D P
F G
H E
A
B
C
I
J L
M
19
Because Brgy. Gulod is a coastal Barangay, it is only accessible
would be the most practical way of transportation but one could wish to
ride a tricycle if he/she considers the distance as greater than what he/she
could walk.
The road system of Brgy. Gulod is poor. There are many road
cracks and bumps along the way (on the national road). Transportation
within Barangay Gulod is through walking, while there are tricycle services
when going to nearby barangays. Most of the streets (on the inner part of
the barangay) are well cemented however, are passable only by two to
however, when strong winds came (as it frequently visits the area at noon
when rainy season comes, they call it “unos”) power disruption would be
Brgy. Gulod is the only barangay in Talim which has water lines. A
water needs of the Gulod households, operated via electricity, this water
service used water tanks for water storage and steel-water pipes for water
19
use, however there are existing and functioning posos within Brgy. Gulod.
These posos are convenient to use when one has no water line, or when
power disruption happens. During the researchers’ stay in the place, there
was a rumor that GWSS would be privatized, and that the management of
accessible via personal cellular phones. There is a cell site of the SMART
telecom. within the barangay. The other cell site is at Brgy. Kaytome
(GLOBE telecom.) The barangay has a two way radio system for
within the place, there was no internet shop within the area, the nearest
Brgy. Gulod has no church on its own, neither a chapel. What the
constructed in the future. Financial constraint has been the primary reason
as to why Gulod has no chapel on its own. The nearest parochial service
Janosa. Also Brgy. Gulod has no Cemetery on its own, however, the
Kaytome], Gulod and Kaytome have been sister barangays since the
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beginning). Brgy. Gulod also has no burial parlor/services on its own, the
Brgy. Gulod has a multi-purpose covered court, just like the other
Brgy Hall for administrative purposes and a Day care center/Library for
“bagsakan” (market) for whole sale and retail fishes, another one was
located near the Rehabilitation Center, and the last was designed for
Brgy. Gulod has three wharfs on its own; many “Gulodians” go to Kaytome
Brgy. Gulod has an old light house (parola) near the Annex but it is
nonoperational. It only serves as a land mark for Gulod and a watch tower
Brgy. Gulod has the Municipal Annex of the Island. On its ideal
so that it could serve the people of Talim in the most convenient possible
way (meaning, it would not be necessary for people to cross the lake just
what it only cares are matters concerning land property and taxes.
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Brgy. Gulod, just like other barangays in the Island of Talim, has no
hospital on its own. There is, one structure however, which functions
rehabilitation center for drug addicts coming from the mainland, however
through collective action as initiated by the church people, the original plan
was obstructed. Several reasons from the people made their view points
with some of the residents of Gulod, they would say “pa’no pag makatakas
yung mga ikukulong dyan, eh di kami rin ang kawawa”, and “pa’no yung
security namin? Baka dumami pa yung mga addict dito.” As of now, the
medical missions which “occasionally” visit the area. Such setting burdens
the people since they have to cross the lake just to have better
say that this idle rehabilitation center should be converted into a hospital
with stay-in doctors and nurses, if that happens, such structure would be
the first and only hospital in the Island of Talim, unfortunately, the official
mainland.
Climate
The province of Rizal where Talim Island is situated has the Type
III climate (Agote et. Al., 2007: pg.18) wherein the climate is not very
18
pronounced. It is dry from November to April and wet during the rest of the
year.
Hydrological Features
the mountainous parts when rainy season comes. The only large body of
water evidently near Brgy. Gulod is the Laguna de Bay. Parts of it near the
fishermen call as “laot.” During summer (one of which was the time when
the researchers were in the place), the water level is low as it would
on the rocks with different lining colors near the coasts). One indication
that the water level is low is that the Pritil of Kaytome is long (most of its
edges are untouched by water), and the “Parang” or field near the coast is
the lake waters when the water level is high, that is, during rainy season).
The water of the Lake is color brown near the shore since it is
basically a mixture of soil particles and fresh water. However, the water in
the lake is somewhat brackish (has salt content) because Laguna de Bay
is connected to Manila Bay via the Pasig River. Based on its color,
especially on the region outward the shore, the lake is eutrophic (eutrophic
high rates of photosynthesis (Agote et. Al., 2007: 57) which makes it ideal
18
constant water pollution, the water in the lake is not advisable for human
consumption (not-potable).
people there would say (no gun shots, no salvages, no murderous crime
etc.) however, what has been noticeable during election is the presence of
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familial rivalry. “Kampi-kampi”, “kamag-anakan” and the “kumpadre”
system plays a major role in the election. A day before the election,
lasts for years after the election, noticeable pattern would be “walang
pansinan” and the “live and the let live policy” (toleration).
D. Demographic Profile
Population- 1, 515
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E. Religions, Fiestas and Celebrations
Religion Percentage
Roman Catholic 80%
Iglesia ni Cristo 5%
Protestant 10%
Jehovah’s Witnesses 5%
Islam 0%
Others 0%
Source: Brgy. Report of 2006 pg. 6
Majority of the people in Gulod are Roman Catholics, however,
there have to walk to Brgy. Janosa just to attend their Sunday masses.
of Faith at Brgy. Kaytome near the GLOBE cell site. The only religious
(Christmas, New Year, Flores de Mayo and Sta. Cruzan, Lenten Season,
and All Saints Day), the local fiesta in honor of Sto. Domingo (St. Dominic)
fiesta known to all the barrios (barangays) of the Island. Known for its
from the mainland visit the place, the act is known as “nakikifiesta.”
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Months before August, people usually raise flocks of chicken and piglets in
preparation for the fiesta, these animals would be their main ingredients in
their dishes on August 4. They usually provide a “kurral” and “hawla” for
these animals in their backyards. A day before the fiesta (August 3), there
would be a parade of the saint in the lake, locally known as the “Pagoda”,
were many boats both passenger boats and fishermen’s boats follow the
18
games along the way. At night a noticeable scenario would be drinking
men. This is the time when the fiesta here would be slightly dangerous as
there are many drunken men loitering around, however, the Barangay
tanods are always alert and are ready to handle situations that would
E. Economic Profile
class are dependent on fishing. This fishing activity includes people who
have fish pens, people who are hired to cater fishes in a fish pen, and
people who freely fish on the open-waters of the lake. Fishes include the
most common Big head (Taiwan fish), Bangus, Dalag, Kanduli, Hito
(catfish), Tilapia, and Ayungin, and there are also the presence of fresh-
water shrimps and snails. According to the people, the legal size of a fish
pen should not exceed 1 hectare per owner, such policy has been
pens in the lake (since too much fish pens could aggravate water
pollution); that would be the case for small time fishermen whose fish pens
18
are meters away from the coasts. The scenario would be different to multi-
fish pens are commonly found in the “laot” or deep waters (such
statement about these huge sizes of fish pens could be viewed when you
are at the summit of Mt. Tagapo. While viewing the entirety of the island,
one could notice the huge sizes of fish pens near Talim’s Cardona side).
Aside from the size of the fish pens being regulated, fish pens have their
documents, those who are not registered suffered from the demolition of
their fish pens. Fish pens have their own “guards” which usually visits the
area every day. These guards (hired, or the owner of the fish pen himself)
stay in a “kubo”, uplifted from the lake waters, its walls and floors are
as a whole.
Bubo
18
which comes in different sizes (its holes) depending on the type of fish to
be catched, thus, average holes for big heads as compared to the small
holes of nets for Ayungin. For fresh water shrimps, bubo would be the best
placed inside. The bubo would be submerged into the basin, then after
some period of time (a day), the fishermen would get the bubo and collect
the shrimps trapped inside. The boats of the fishermen are no longer
wooden boats, hence, made the travelling faster than the usual. Fishing
boats and passenger boats are usually motor boats but there are still
fisher folks who use the traditional paddle system (de sagwan).
fresh, often alive and are still moving. The prices of the fishes are about
60% or more less than the usual prices of markets in Manila. Big head, a
variety of fish, sells P 70.00 per kilo in Manila, but there, about P 12-15.00
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Another economic activity in Gulod is the
process. After the cleaning process, the Ayungins are put into the metal
screens side by side, forming rows and columns of Ayungins. They will be
turns golden brown (as shown in the picture above). Air drying consumes
about a day or two depending on the weather. After the drying process, it
(a drum etc.) which is now ready for consumption or for selling. A kilo of
dried Ayungins here will cost you P 100.00 as compared to the P 10.00
would costs you P 1.00 as compared to the P 5.00 value in Manila. Hence,
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singing within a “video-okehan” is a common past time for people all day
long.
18
Other businesses include charcoal-making
the process; however, the customary procedure would use Kakawati and
use dead branches of large trees (they cut it into small pieces), “tuod” or
died trees, fresh young kakawati trunks, or any available hard woods in
uuling” would want to produce. After the collection process, the mag-
uuling will arrange the woods in a circular manner up to the desired height.
using large rocks abundant in the mountain. He will first put raw grasses
and shrubs near the base of the mound of woods then will start to fill the
spaces with soil and dried bamboo leaves alternately until it reaches the
top. The top will be filled with soil. A ball of cloth soaked into the kerosene
18
which would be inserted at the basin of the mound will later be lighted up
by a fire. The soil, rocks, and the galvanized iron sheets complement each
other in trapping the heat inside the “pugon.” Such heat will be the one
who will “cook” the woods inside the pugon. The pugon will be guarded
against heavy rains, or when the soil above the mound sinks
“lona” above it, the charcoals forming inside the pugon will be safe from
Using yero heavy rainfalls during rainy season. The ember (baga) will continue to
glow for about three days until the soil totally collapse and the height of
barbeque sticks which comes in large, medium, and small sizes, often
baked under the sun (on the side walks) so that it will be dried, thus
making it strong and suitable for usage. Bundles of it would cost you P
on making hawla (chicken’s cage), sala sets, and papag (beds). People
with this type of job usually canvass on the different barangays nearby to
get the cheapest price of bamboo that they could afford, or they climb the
18
mountain just to look for possible bamboo traders (remember that most of
carpentry tools are used in making the three crafts, usually composed of
hammer, saw, nails, bolo (itak or gulok), chisel (pait), and lukob (a chisel
with a rounded end used for making holes). First, the bamboo trunks are
cut into the desired lengths (depending on the type of craft to be done),
then the green part (bark) will be removed using the bolo – the process is
used for the different parts of the craft. There are two varieties of bamboo
grasses planted in Talim, the Kawayang Tinik and the Bokayon. The
the Bokayon. The kawayang tinik is used for the craft’s large parts while
the bokayon for small and thin parts (usually for decorative elements only).
Depending on the nature of the product, a craftsman would seek the help
usually consumes a week before it’s done. As obvious on the prices here,
such as the Sala set which would cost you P 700.00 as compared to the
±P 1,000.00 in Manila.
The charcoal making, dried Ayungin and the bamboo products are
usually done when there are customer orders for them. Buyers usually
give advance payment to the workers. The workers will then use the
money for familial needs and production costs. Usually the money will be
18
used up after the products are finished, leaving the workers penniless.
Contracts between two parties (that is, the between the buyer and the
producer) are through words of mouth and not the usual papers in the
corporate world.
tailor shops, however, in some individual houses. What they are producing
are of different stuffs, such as uniforms and curtains. The volume of the
product is usually in bulk (maramihan) but there are special cases for
not limited to such since some pig owners use the traditional “kaning
baboy.” Such feeds and vitamins are available in some local stores in
nearby barangays. When slaughtered, its meat mostly goes to the market
near the pritil of Binangonan (but may be sold to anyone interested within
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Agriculture in Gulod is not extensive as in other rural areas in Rizal.
unstructured interviews with some of the old people in Gulod, they were
Part of the Libis with a former rice field
saying that the Libis and the Parang were once rice
ang mga kabataan, wala nang sumunod sa mga matatanda”, another one
mga bata pa kami, nagsasaka kami sa may bundok tapos may ginagamit
remains of the old farming technique in the mountains are still evident
Notice the terraces in the picture as shot from Mt. Tagapo
when someone would
18
Assessing these stories would generate topics for possible researches,
farming, and 2. The contribution of the differences between the young and
Kahoy (Balinghoy) near their house, and the planting of Corn when May
comes (start of the rainy season). People at Gulod plant vegetables for
consumption, meaning they just plant within their backyards. The only
each “plant box”. The corn seedlings will be soaked into a pail of water
mixed with “urea” (a nitrogen rich fertilizer in small white balls) overnight,
starting the day before the actual planting. These corn seedlings are
prepared and produced by the farmers. Those are corn kernels that were
the left over of the previous harvest. In the preparation of corn seedlings,
the farmer will, during harvest, set aside the corn plants that will be left to
grow old, when matured already, the seeds will be air dried, then be
18
collected and stored into a container. During the planting activity, the
18
variety of corn used in planting in Gulod is the “lagkitan” type. After the
planting process and the fencing, the farmer will regularly visit the place
house for farmers guarding their crops, mag-uulings as they watch their
goats, and the land owners who are guarding their bamboo trees. The
Notice the bamboo huts surrounded by cleared lands for latter seems to be the primary function of
farming, and the land owners’ bamboo trees.
owners that were left after the land buying of Lucio Tan, guard their
bamboo trees from thieves of bamboos. These land owners, visit their
thieves are given penalties and are reported to the barangay for
punishment (pinapabarangay).
18
A
Community Study
Of
Barangay Gulod
(A descriptive research)
PART 2
18
Statistical treatment of data on page 11
Description of the respondents on page 12
Total number of respondents: 69 respondents (4.55% of the total
Brgy. Gulod population or 25.56% out of the 270 number of households
as of 2006 since the researchers adapt the policy of 1 respondent as
representative of one household). These 69 respondents will be the
entire population’s representative for the study.
Operating conditions: the word respondent refers to a representation
of a family that has been interviewed. On the following statements, the
words respondent, family, and household have been used alternately.
meaning and the cause of that “something.” The following data presented
two or more nuclear families, or nuclear families with their relatives living
families are more common than the nuclear ones since Filipinos have
18
strong family ties. Such strong social cohesion (provided that the
though the siblings of the Family of Orientation (original family where the
siblings came from) becomes married and have created their own Family
Type f %
Extended 21 30.43
Nuclear 48 69.57
Total (n) 69 100
the nuclear type of families. Reflecting on the scales has debunked the
hypothesis stated earlier. Taking the rule stated earlier that these 69
that--
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Table 2. An inquiry about the type of family Brgy. Gulod has
when it comes to the holder of the authority
within the house.
A patriarchal type means that the father is the sole holder of the
authority within the house, thus all familial decisions come solely on him. A
maker) is the mother. Egalitarian families are those types whose decision
making is being shared by the couple, in some cases, the sides of their
types, on the other hand, are those families whose fathers are far away
and the mothers are left alone to cater their siblings. Since the mother is
left alone, she acts as the father and the mother simultaneously and her
the male side) and that many Filipinos adhere to the concept of
“machoismo” since many “Mr” doesn’t want to be called “under the saya”,
Type f %
Patriarchal 20 28.99
Matriarchal 5 7.25
Egalitarian 40 57.97
Matricentric 4 5.80
Total (n) 69 100.01
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Table 2 shows that 20 respondents (28.99%) answered that their
families fall in the patriarchal type, 5 respondents (7.25%) replied for the
power and authority over family matters are being shared by the couple.
The results have debunked the earlier hypothesis that Gulod has
emphasis in decision making and familial activities than the spouses and
their children. As stated earlier, the researchers assumed that rural people
give more emphasis on the relatives since Filipinos have strong family
18
those families in Brgy. Gulod as falling into the consanguineal type.
special affiliation to the side of the father. There is, however, a third type,
the bilateral, which makes into account the affiliation of the family in both
sides of the father and the mother. Since the researchers first assumed
that Brgy Gulod was patriarchal, they also hypothesized that the family
members were more affiliated to the side of the father, thus, patrilineal.
18
Type f %
Matrilineal 15 21.74
Patrilineal 16 23.19
Bilateral 38 55.07
Total (n) 69 100
and 38 respondents (55.07%) have the bilateral type. The data above
residence of the parents of the groom (compound type). Those with the
matrilocal type of residence live in, or near the residence of the parents of
couple as neolocal if they were the ones who have primarily planned,
near, or afar, from the residence of the parents of either side (not
18
compound). There are cases of avuncolocal residences wherein the
(newly wedded) couple resides within, or near the maternal uncle of the
the couple in, or near, the uncle or auntie of either side. Again, operating
Type f %
Patrilocal 20 28.99
Matrilocal 6 8.70
Neolocal 40 57.77
Avuncolocal 3 4.35
Total (n) 69 100.01
when it comes to the type of residence their families have. On the table
family while only 8.7% or 6 of the respondents replied for the matrilocal
earlier hypothesis that families at Brgy. Gulod were patrilocal has been
18
Brgy. Gulod is situated in a province, specifically in an island. There
misconception has been carried into the minds of the researchers while
hypothesizing (such hypothesizing was done before they were able to set
their feet off the pritil of Kaytome from the bangka), thus, resulting into the
Type f %
Wood and bamboo 7 10.14
Wood only 2 2.90
Nipa and bamboo 1 1.45
Barong-barong 0 0
Semi-concrete 36 52.17
Concrete 23 33.33
Total (n) 69 100.01
the “nipa and bamboo” category, 2 respondents (2.90%) replied for the
18
concrete, while the majority (36 respondents or 52.17%) of the
concrete, plus bamboo or wood or nipa etc.). The data above caused into
houses. These non-owners were usually the “nakikitira”, “care takers”, and
18
Table 8 (Q2.2) An inquiry if the respondents own their
residential lots.
Options f %
Yes 59 85.51
No 10 14.49
Total (n) 69 100
Table 8 shows if the respondents own the lot on which they have
constructed their houses. This question has been included to know if there
were major housing and slum problems within the area. As shown in the
respondents reported that they don’t own their residential lots. A small
18
Type f %
Water-sealed exclusively 54 78.26
used by one household
Water-sealed shared with 13 18.84
other households
Closed pit 0 0
Open pit 2 2.9
Others 0 0
Total (n) 69 100
toilet facilities the residents of Brgy. Gulod were using. As shown in the
18
Table 10 (Q4.1) An inquiry if the respondents at Brgy. Gulod
have water lines (GWSS).
Options f %
Yes 55 79.71
No 14 20.28
Total (n) 69 99.99
out of 69) at Brgy. Gulod have water line connections. The water line
service has been provided for years by the GWSS (Gulod Waterworks and
Sewerage System), the only water system in Talim which Gulod, luckily,
artesian wells (poso) which could provide their needs for water.
Options f %
Yes 62 89.86
No 7 10.14
Total (n) 69 100
18
The table above shows the results of an inquiry conducted by the
don’t have.
Options f %
Yes 50 72.46
No 19 27.54
Total (n) 69 100
Gulod, the data generated about its way of life and its characteristics
were reliable. There were only 19 respondents who were not native to
Gulod and have just immigrated to the place because their spouses were
natives of Gulod and have lands there. These nineteen respondents came
18
from the different (commonly nearby) provinces in the Philippines, such as
and Kaytome.
Responses f %
To have a good education 45 65.22
and to finish their studies
Comfortable lives 2 2.90
To be married 1 1.45
To have work 1 1.45
No answer 20 28.99
Total (n) 69 100.01
were asked about their plans for their children. Majority of the
18
portray how people value education. The “makapagtapos” is a word
institution in the island; one has to cross the lake, travel, and then rent for
nearby apartments or bed spacers near college schools such as the URS-
respondents, see pg. 12) where only high school and elementary
one respondent (1.45%) answered for “to be married” and “to have work.”
reasons for this were the following: (1) some respondents were too old
and their children have already their own lives (separated from them), (2)
some respondents let their children choose what they wanted their lives to
be, (3) some respondent have no siblings yet, (4) some respondents have
not answered the question, and to some extent and instance, (5) some of
18
Table 14 (Q7) An inquiry as to what was the most frequent
problem the respondents met at home.
Options f %
Financial problem 47 68.12
No assurance about the 1 1.45
ownership of the house/tenant
Sickly children/member(s) of 14 20.29
the family
Drunkard husband 3 4.35
Gambling 2 2.90
Other vices (smoking, 5 7.25
adultery etc.)
Problems with neighbors 2 2.90
No permanent job 13 18.84
others 0 0
N is 69 (to get %, f/nx100)
into two ways, first is the disintegration of the close familial relationship
18
environment a family is residing at. Usually, the “stressors” promoting
aim of the inquiry above is to know the most common problem those
suffering from financial problems, based on what they say “dito sa Isla,
comes, since the students’ notebooks, books, uniforms, baon, fare, and
tuition fees will be shouldered by most of the parents earning only (below
the) minimal wage per month. Second to the most minded problems is the
Health services at the barangay is not sufficient for the health needs of the
people, even medical missions which occasionally visits the area would
not be sufficient, the problem about health care has been aggravated by
the absence of stay in doctors and nurses in the area, as well as the
absence of a fully functional hospital within the Island of Talim (since you
have to cross the lake just to have Talim’s hospital services). Third most
minded problem is that the bread winners of the respondents (or the
18
Table 14 only shows that majority of the respondents in Brgy.
Responses f %
Yes 65 94.20
No 4 5.80
Total (n) 69 100
In this inquiry, the word satisfied has been equated with the word
exist as what the previous inquiry tackled, there are many factors other
than the economic aspect of living which makes the respondent to say that
they were contented with their living in Gulod. As what the table shows,
94.20% of the respondents said that they were happy and contented with
“mababa ang cost of living”, “masaya dito”, “free from (air-) pollution”,
ang hangin”, “dito yung lupa namin”, “peaceful”, “maganda”, and “safe.”
were 4 respondents (5.8%) who were not contented with their stay in
18
Gulod. These were the people who have focused their attention on their
dito.”
Gulod (94.20%) were happy and contented with their living conditions
there.
Nature of Response f %
Happy/ contented/ satisfied 20 28.99
With sentiments/ not 30 43.48
contented/ dissatisfied
No answer 19 27.54
Total (n) 69 100
asked what they feel about the present performance of the government.
While interviewing, the researchers noticed that the people were referring
18
mahirap”, “pahirap ng pahiram ang buhay”, “hindi maganda ang patakbo
“kawawa ang tao sa mga proyekto”, “magulo” etc. On the other hand,
gave answers to the question. These people might not be sure about their
possible answers, or were suspecting about their “safety” if ever that they
the researchers forgot to ask the question while interviewing some of the
respondents.
18
Table 17 (Q10) An inquiry as to what the respondents would
want the government to be its project for the people.
Responses f %
Livelihood related projects 9 13.04
Infrastructure projects 12 17.39
Health Services 8 11.59
Price control of primary 2 2.90
commodities
Establishment of Tertiary 3 4.35
educational institutions
(college/universities)
Moral related reforms 4 5.80
Environmental projects (clean and 4 5.80
green, waste management etc.)
No answer 30 43.48
N is 69 (to get %, f/nx100)
approach. Aside from this, the question has been included in order not to
18
by pass the opinions of the people about what they think the government
within the government system, such as… “maawa sa mga taong walang-
wala”, “sa eleksyon, wala nang pakialam yung mga natatalo”, and
effective waste management system and clean and green projects, some
18
basurahan.” Three respondents (4.35%) answered for the establishment
while two respondents (2.90%) insisted for the price control of basic
commodities.
answer to the question, and the percentages of the respondents left had
Responses f %
Yes 59 85.51
No 1 1.45
No answer 9 13.04
Total (n) 69 100
reason would be that the respondents were not sure if they would send
18
their children to school, or, as stated on some interpretations on this study,
the failure of getting the answers was on the side of the researchers.
18
Table 19 (Q12) An inquiry if the respondents want to have
the following educational institutions
to be raised in Brgy. Gulod.
Options f %
Elementary school 32 46.38
High School 28 40.58
College/ University 58 84.06
No answer 5 7.25
N is 69 (to get %, f/nx100)
institutions in the place came from the fact that no tertiary educational
18
institutions, neither vocational schools, are present in Talim Island. Such
(citizens of-) at Brgy. Gulod (and in any of the barangays in Talim) are
college education in the mainland would cost a big amount of money for
parents earning below the legal minimal wage fee per month.
Island).
Options f %
Yes 67 97.10
No 1 1.45
No answer 1 1.45
Total (n) 69 100
Talim Island has no hospital on its own (on the “within the island”
look for an available motor boat, then cross the lake (for about 30-45
18
services in a hospital named after the name of the island. On some of the
unstructured interviews conducted with the people, they say that there
were many cases wherein serious patients died in the bangka before
Brgy. Gulod wanted to have a local hospital within their barangay (or
Responses f %
Yes, I have problems… 8 11.59
No, I don’t have problems... 62 88.41
Total (n) 69 100
18
mentioned) these were some of the following… “minsan may tampuhan”,
“hindi naman iyan nawawala pero naaayos din”, and “maingay (because
neighbors.
Responses f %
Dumpsite 25 36.23
Burning 36 52.17
In places where no one will see 1 1.45
Throwing into the lake 1 1.45
At the backyard 1 1.45
Burrowing beneath the soil 1 1.45
No answer 4 5.80
Total (n) 69 100
air pollution, which, on its bad effect on the environment, will give serious
18
health threats to humans (food, potable water, livelihood, oxygen
ways of disposing off your garbage. Reason for such behavior might be
one more weighing would be the customary ways of many rural Filipino
two dumpsites; the primary is near the national road leading to Brgy.
Sapang, and a minor on a vacant lot in Libis. Answers such as “in places
were no one will see”, “throwing into the lake”, “at the backyard”, and
“burrowing beneath the soil” have only one respondent each (1.45%).
question.
18
Options f %
Yes 28 40.58
No 38 55.07
No answer 3 4.35
Total (n) 69 100
facilities for recycling of recyclable units and safe disposal for non-
(4.35%) abstained.
18
Options f %
Yes 19 27.54
No 47 68.12
No answer 3 4.35
Total (n) 69 100
were 9 respondents who knew how to segregate but were not practicing it.
waste segregation. Three (4.35%) respondents, on this time, did not give
their answers.
Options f %
Yes 29 42.03
No 40 57.97
Total (n) 69 100
18
Organizations are often built with a background of a common
problem or concern that has been identified by a group of people and has
depending on its nature and functioning, help the people in realizing their
Coop., OMD, BMS (Bayan Muna Small Enterprises Coop), Youth DRS,
18
Responses f %
Livelihood related problems 6 8.70
Sanitary problems 10 14.49
Flood from the mountain when 1 1.45
raining heavily.
Health and Safety concerns 2 2.90
Electricity related answers 1 1.45
Infrastructure related answers 2 2.90
No problem in our environment 46 66.67
Total (n) 69 100
cultural, and physical environments within Brgy. Gulod. The table above
bagyo nasisira ang pamumuhay”, and “hindi maani ang tinatanim na gulay
18
(dinadaga/sinususo).” Health and safety concerns (2.90%) has responses
coming from the mountain, and another one respondent was despised
with the frequent electricity loss in the area when strong winds came.
Responses f %
Quarrelling caused by too 8 11.59
much drinking of alcohol/ too
much drinking of alcohol
People have no care with the 1 1.45
lives of others
Problems regarding the 2 2.90
behavior of the youth
Noise because of the video-oke 1 1.45
Some misunderstanding with 1 1.45
the neighbor
No problems 56 81.16
Total (n) 69 100
18
Table 27 shows some of the responses the respondents gave when
“promiscuous” behavior of the present youth saying “iba kasi ang tubo ng
reported the noise coming from the video-okehan (sing-along booths); and
neighbor.
18
Responses f %
Early marriages 1 1.45
The need for the construction of a 1 1.45
church
The need for the establishment of a 1 1.45
market
The need for the establishment of a 11 15.94
Hospital/ improvement in health-care
services
Lack of jobs 3 4.35
Demolition of fish pens 1 1.45
Pollution, waste management, 5 7.25
sanitation
Poor/ not secured electricity service 9 13.04
Excessive alcohol drinking 3 4.35
Non-obedient to the Barangay 1 1.45
Gambling 1 1.45
absence of streetlights 1 1.45
Tore water pump of GWSS 3 4.35
No problem 33 47.83
N is 69 (to get %, f/nx100)
18
(47.83%) out of the 69 total numbers of respondents. Eleven respondents
demolition of illegal fish pens, saying “kung aalisin nila (ang mga baklad)
Gulod (47.83%) have not seen problems in their community that needs
18
Table 29 (Q21) An inquiry as to what solutions the
respondents think would solve their problems.
Responses f %
The establishment of a local 1 1.45
hospital
They were the ones (the 1 1.45
officials) who knew the solution
To listen and obey the parents 1 1.45
Improve electric services and 4 5.80
arrange the water pump
No choice about the situation 1 1.45
Unity of the people (collective 1 1.45
action)
Individual industry 1 1.45
Repairing roads 1 1.45
Alternative livelihood activities 1 1.45
Send to jail 1 1.45
Collective efforts in cleaning 1 1.45
No answer 55 79.71
N is 69 (to get %, f/nx100)
18
have no answer regarding the question since majority of the respondents
“improve electric services (by arranging its lines) and arrange the water
pump” as their solution to the electricity and water problems in Gulod. one
absence in Talim; to listen and obey the parents as a solution to the issue
of youth immorality; unity of the people for collective action against local
solution to the bad road conditions in Brgy. Gulod; the giving of alternative
generalizations.
18
II.A Summary of Findings (based on the survey research)
Table 2 shows that majority of the families in Gulod (57.97%) have the
Table 7 shows that majority of the families in Gulod (88.41%) were the
18
Table 11 shows that majority of the respondents in Brgy. Gulod
natives of Gulod.
their studies.
(94.20%) were happy and contented with their living conditions there.
of the government.
18
or university level) to be established within Brgy. Gulod (or in Talim
Island).
18
Table 29 has been dominated by respondents with no answer to the
generalizations.
18