FDP on Electronic Design Tools : Computing with Scilab 12/12/2017

INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING USING

SCILAB

Dr. C. SREEKUMAR,
Professor ,EEE Department,
GCE Kannur

December 12, 2017

Outline

SCILAB System and Environment

SCILAB Basics

SCILAB Scripting

SCILAB plotting

SCILAB File operations

SCILAB Control system commands

XCOS Environment

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FDP on Electronic Design Tools : Computing with Scilab 12/12/2017
SCILAB - A POWERFUL COMPUTING TOOL

» Scilab is a scientific software package providing a powerful

open computing environment for engineering and scientific
applications.
» An OPEN Software initiative for numerical computations,
distributed freely and open source through the Internet
since 1994.
» Can be downloaded from Scilab web site
-http://www.scilab.org
» Both Linux and Windows versions are available. Scilab
6.0.0 is the latest stable version
» Alternative to MATLAB -the costlier Proprietary Software.
A lot like MATLAB

SCILAB - The History

» Scilab- developed by researchers from INRIA (French

National Institute for Research in Computer Science &
Control) & ENPC (National School of Bridges &
Roads)[1990]
» Freely distributed over internet since 1994, with source
code, on-line help user manuals
» The Scilab Consortium (DIGITEO) was formed by a
number of French institutions and companies [ May 2003 ]
» Scilab Consortium was integrated into DIGITEO
Foundation [July 2008] [supported till June 2012]
» The editing and development activities are taken over by
Scilab Enterprises, a company founded with the support of
INRIA [July 2012]

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SCILAB -Features

» SCIENTIFIC Simulation LABORATORY

» Scilab includes hundreds of mathematical functions with
the possibility to add programs interactively from various
languages-C, Fortran,....
» It has sophisticated data structures (including lists,
polynomials, rational functions, linear systems.)
 A built-in interpreted high-level programming language.
» An interpreted language - Commands executed line by line
» A high level programming language using which Precise
numerical calculations and graphics illustrations are
possible

SCILAB -Features

 Everything in SCILAB is a matrix (Like MATLAB)

 The basic data element in SCILAB is an array that does
not require dimensioning.
 SCILAB commands are expressed in a notation close to
that used in Mathematics and Engineering
 Eg: sin,log,abs ......
 Problem solving in SCILAB is generally much faster than
traditional programming
 Eg: inv
Single SCILAB command to find the inverse of a matrix
 Because of natural notation,SCILAB code is clear and self
documented

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SCILAB -Features

 SCILAB has a rich set of Toolboxes/application-specific

solutions to do specialized work
 Toolboxes are comprehensive collections of SCILAB
functions that extend the SCILAB environment to learn and
apply specialized technology
 XCOS - Similar to SIMULINK, GUI Builder
toolboxes(Scipad,guimaker etc), ANN Toolbox
 Electrical - Control Systems, Signal processing, Power
systems ,Scilab Image Processing Toolbox(SIP),
 Mathematics -Linear Algebra, Fuzzy logic(sciFLT),
Optimization, Wavelet etc..
 ATOMS (AuTomatic mOdules Management for Scilab)-
dedicated website listing of SCILAB external modules
which can bring the functionality you need.

Interface to MUMPS- A SCILAB Feature

 Multifrontal Massively Parallel sparse direct Solver

 Solution of large linear systems with symmetric positive
definite matrices, general symmetric matrices, general
unsymmetric matrices
 Real or complex arithmetic (single or double precision)
 Parallel factorization
 Iterative refinement and backward error analysis
 Interfaces to MUMPS: Fortran, C, Matlab and Scilab

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SCILAB Environment

SCILAB Environment

 SCILAB Console - Place to interact with Scilab using

Commands, view the results etc.
 has the feature of autocompletion (functions suggestion on
the basis of the first letters the user types)
 SCILAB Editor: Scinotes - A text editor for writing scripts.
 Easy script edition with autocompletion
 Multiple instances management
 SCILAB Variable Browser and Editor - To view and edit
current variables.
 Command History Browser - An interface to see the
previously used commands of previous Scilab sessions.
 SCILAB file browser - Window to view the contents of the
current director and to browse for any file

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SCILAB Environment- Contd..

 SCILAB Help Browser -help detailing Scilab functions and

giving examples to get started.
 Provides a better place to start with...
 ATOMS (AutomaTic mOdules Management for Scilab)
 Interface to view the installed external modules
 Interface to view the available modules
 Media to download and automatically install external
modules
 Dependencies managed between installed modules
 Facilitates automatic loading of the installed modules at
Scilab start,
 Automatic notifications to update an installed module

Basic Operations

 Entering a Matrix - Several ways

 Enter an explicit list of elements
 Load matrices from external data files
 Generate matrices using built-in functions
 Create matrices with your own SCILAB functions

 Basic Conventions
 Separate the elements of a row with blanks or commas
 Use a semicolon ; to indicate the end of each row.
 Surround the entire list of elements with square brackets [ ]

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Basic Operations...Contd

 » A= [16 3 2 13; 5 10 11 8; 9 6 7 12; 4 15 14 1]

16 3 2 13
5 10 11 8
A=
9 6 7 12
4 15 14 1
 To suppress output, end the line with a semicolon
»a=3
a=3
»a=3;
 Variable names ⇒ Case Sensitive
 » B= [1,6,3,2;5,1,0,8;9,6,7,2;4,15,1,4];
 If variable name is not specified, the default name is ’ans’

Basic Operations.- Contd..

 »A1 = [1 2 3;2 1 3;3 1 2]

1 2 3
A1 = 2 1 3
3 1 2

 »A2 = [A 3*A;A-(2*A) A+A]

1 2 3 3 6 9
2 1 3 6 3 9
3 1 2 9 3 6
A2 =
−1 −2 −3 2 4 6
−2 −1 −3 4 2 6
−3 −1 −2 6 2 4

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SCILAB -Basic Commands

 sum(A) - gives the sum of column elements

 To find the sum of row elements transpose the matrix and
take the sum
⇒ A’ gives the transpose of A
⇒ sum(A’)
 diag(A) - gives the diagonal elements
⇒sum(diag(A))- gives the sum of diagonal elements
 The element in row i and column j of A is denoted by A(i,j)
⇒ A(1,1) gives 16

SCILAB -Basic Commands-Contd..

 spec(A) gives the eigen values of A

 inv(A) gives the inverse of A
 det(A) gives the determinant of A
 size(A) gives the dimensions of A
 A(:,2) gives the elements of the 2nd column
 A(2,:)=[3 6 4 3]; ⇒ replaces second row of A

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SCILAB -Basic Commands-Contd...

» rank(A) →To find the rank of a matrix, A

» det(A) →To find the determinant of a matrix, A
» trace(A)→To find the trace(sum of diagonal elements)of A
» inv(A) →To find the inverse of a matrix,A

SCILAB -Basic Commands-Generating Matrix using

built in functions
» zeros( , ) →To To generate zero matrix of specified size
» ones( , ) →To get a matrix of 1’s of specified size
» eye(A)→To find identity matrix of specified size
» diag([ ])→To get matrix with the specified diagonal
» rand(A) →To get random matrix with the dimensions of A

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SCILAB Commands to Save and retrieve matrices

» save(’file name’, ’var1’, ’var2’, . . . ); To save the variable

matrices
» load(’file name’, ’var1’, ’var2’, . . . ); To retrieve the matrices
» a = 3; b = 10.5; s = ’scilab’;
» save(’myvar.dat’, a, b, c);
» clear a; // delete the variable a
» clear ; //delete all variables
» load(’myvar.dat’, ’a’,’b’, ’c’); // load all the saved variables
» load(’myvar.dat’,’b’); // It loads only variable b
» listvarinfile("myvar.dat");// list variables in a file saved by
the function save

SCILAB-Basic Commands- Contd..

 To solve the linear equations,2x + y + 3z =
4, 4x + 3y + z = 6, x + y + 3z = 3.Ax = b; x = A−1 B.

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SCILAB-Basic Commands- Contd..

 The
⎛ ⎞back slash operator also gives the same result
x
⎝y ⎠ = A\b
z

SCILAB-Basic Commands- Contd..

» p=poly([1 2 3],"x") →To define a polynomial with roots at
1,2,3
» roots(p) →To find the roots of polynomial, p.

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User defined SCILAB- *.sce file
 SCILAB commands can be put together in a *.sce file,
which can be used many times. Can be modified later

Numerical solution of differential equation

dy (x−y )
dx = 2

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FDP on Electronic Design Tools : Computing with Scilab 12/12/2017
Numerical solution of differential equation

Plotting Curves

 Generating data for plots

» x=linspace(0,4*%pi,10);
» y=sin(x);
 Plot values against their index
» plot(y);
 To plot y versus x
» plot(x,y);
 To make the plot smooth, evaluate the function at more
points
» x=linspace(0,4*%pi,1000);
» plot(x,sin(x));

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Plotting Curves - Contd....

 Can change the line color, marker style, and line style by
adding a string argument
» plot(x,y,’k.-’); ⇒ k indicates color, . indicates point marker, -
indicates line style
 Try → » help plot ⇒ practice the various options
 A second plot command normally overwrites the first
 To draw 2 curves in the same graph
» plot(x,y,’r’,x,2*y,’g’);
» legend("speed","scaled speed");
» xlabel("Time");
» ylabel("speed");
» title("PLOT ");

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Plotting - A Code to try

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Plotting - A Code to try

Heart
2.0

1.5

1.0

0.5

0.0

-0.5

-1.0

-1.5

-2.0
-1.0 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

LOVE SCILAB .......LEARN SCILAB

2dplot and its variants- Different Plotting styles

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Simple 3d plot

A simple 3d plot

15

10

Function 0

−5

−10

−15
0 0
1 1
2 2
3 3
4 4
Time 5 5 Time
6

Stylish 3d plots

1 1

Z Z
0 0

−1 −1
−1 −1 −1
−0.5 −0.5
0 0 X 0 0 X
Y Y
0.5 0.5
1 1 1 1

1 1

Z Z
0 0

−1 −1
−1 −1 −1
−0.5 −0.5
0 0 X 0 0 X
Y Y
0.5 0.5
1 1 1 1

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FDP on Electronic Design Tools : Computing with Scilab 12/12/2017
Animated 3d plots

10

1
1
0 0.5
1 0
0.5 −0.5
0 −1
−0.5
−1

Contour Plots

2.5 0.181
0.271
0.542
0.6320.3610.0903
2 0.813
0.903
0.722
0.451
0.3610.0903
0.903 0.542
0.813 0.181 0.1810.542
0.361
0.632
0.722 0.271
0.451 0.0903
0.271
0.451
0.632
1.5

0.5

−0.5 0.181
0.0903
0.271
0.542
−1 0.361
0.632
0.813
0.722
0.903
0.722
0.632
0.813 0.451
0.271
0.361
0.542 0.0903 0.451 0.451
0.271 0.632
−1.5 0.903 0.181 0.181
0.361
0.0903 0.542
−2

−2.5

−3
−4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4

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Surface Plots

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

1 −0.2

0.5 −0.4
1
0 0.5
Y
0
−0.5 X
−0.5
−1 −1

Surface Plots

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To plot on a new figure

» figure;
» plot(x,y);
To plot a 3D figure

Subplots in SCILAB

 SCILAB Permits multiple plots in the same figure window

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Plots of user defined functions

 Functions can be defined as sequences of instructions

written in text strings. deff command make on-line
definition of function
» deff(’output]=functionname(input)’,definition[,options])
» deff(’[x]=mysum(y,z)’,’x=y+z’)

Plots of user defined functions-Contd..

 fplot2d(x,f) - 2D plot of a curve defined by a function

 xgrid :adds a grid on a 2D plot

 xtitle :xtitle add titles on a 2D or 3D plot

 xclear : Clears one or more windows

 clf() : Clears the grpahic window

 xbasc: Clears graphic window and erase recorded

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Plots -functions in separate files Saving Figures

Saved eps file

Saved pdf file
changes in me
1 800
me2
me3
1 600

1 400

1 200
mesquare_and_cube

1 000

800

600

400

200

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
ME

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Plotting functions of two variables

 Plot of z = x 4 − y 3 − 2 ∗ x 3 − y ∗ sin(2 ∗ x) ∗ e(−y +3)

f

Plotting Vector fields

 Plot of F (x, y) = xi + (x 2 + y 2 )j)

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Histograms

//Generate 1*10000 matrix

of random numbers
following normal distribution
d=rand(1,10000,’normal’);
// histogram with minimum
20 interval with color
green=3
histplot(20,d,3);

Pie charts

//New figure to draw pie

chart
figure()
pie([3 1 6])

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Bar charts

// New figure to draw bar

chart
figure()5
bar([3 1 6 2 5 7 10])

SCILAB-File Writing


 



 
 





  

  


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FDP on Electronic Design Tools : Computing with Scilab 12/12/2017
SCILAB-File Reading


 


 



 







 

  







 



  
  







 

!






SCILAB-Operations with EXCEL File


  

  








 




 




  





 
 ! "# 
$
 


"#$


% &''  $%

&
' #


()
*()
)(*
) )

' ))
)*)()*+

,
"$



-$
#.""
$"
/) )0 1)2)))1)1)1)%11113
-4$( $((




#$""("(


$ $ $
5#
-
4$ $

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FDP on Electronic Design Tools : Computing with Scilab 12/12/2017
De ning system in TF or SS Form

More Control system commands

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Bode Plots 40

20

Magnitude (dB)
0

−20

−40

−60
−3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3
10 10 10 10 10 10 10
Frequency (Hz)

−20

−40

Phase (degree)
−60

−80

−100

−120
−3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3
10 10 10 10 10 10 10
Frequency (Hz)

gainplot(sys)-magnitude plot
 show-margins(sys)- phaseplot(sys)-frequency
display gain and phase plot
phase
margin and crossover
frequencies
 g-margin(sys)-
 p-margin(sys)

Root Locus Plots

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Nyquist Plots

Nyquist plot
30
−0.0727 −0.0476
25
−0.116
20

15
−0.217 −0.0152

10

1e+03
0 0.001

−5

−10
0.217 0.0152

−15

−20 0.116

−25 0.0727 0.0476

−30
−10 −5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60

Control -Plotting - A Code to try

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Plotting - A Code to try

Heart
4
90

120 60
3

2 150 30

0 0

0.5
-1 1

1.5

-2 210 2 330

2.5

-3 3
240 300

270
-4
-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

Signal Sampling

 
 



 



  
  




  
 Cont inuous signal
 !! 1.0

"! #
 0.8

0.6
$ %&' !(&
& 0.4
Am plit ude

) %*!*! 0.2

0.0
  -0.2
 $+)   $," , -0.4

 +)   $,-. , -0.6

-0.8
 *$ -1.0
0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0
$ ,/, Tim e

 Sam pled Signal
1.0
 %&' !(&
&&" 0.8
) %*!*% 0.6

  0.4
Am plit ude

0.2
 $+)   $," , 0.0

 +)   $,-. , -0.2

-0.4
%.' * -0.6
$ , ., -0.8
-1.0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

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xcos GUI

 A GUI containing a number of library blocks

 Blocks can be dragged and connected to do simulations

xcos GUI

 There are two main types of signals associated with Xcos

blocks
 Event signals and data signals
 Event signals
 have ports colored in red
 can not be saved in the workspace
 handling blocks are in the Event handling library (see
Palette browser)
 can be seen as function calls or triggers (as in Matlab
Simulink)
 Data signals
 are colored in black
 can be saved in the workspace
 represent numerical values (scalars or vectors)

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Simulation using Xcos

1.5

y
0.5

0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
t

Simulation using Xcos

1.5 1.5

1 1

0.5 0.5

0 0
y

−0.5 −0.5

−1 −1

−1.5 −1.5

Dr. C. Sreekumar0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
t
16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
t
16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30
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THANK YOU

Dr. C. Sreekumar 33