Format Report Content Creator:

Title: OFFSHORE STRUCTURE

Introduction Offshore structure, also referred as oil platform or oil rig, is a large structure facilities to drill oil well and
extract the hydrocarbon (oil & natural gas). Developing a correct offshore structure depend on the water
depth, reserve size, proximity to infrastructure, operating considerations (such as well interventions), and
economic considerations. boleh elaborate lagi?...kalau orang bukan background engineering takut tak faham

Point Offshore Structures

1. Oil Rig: Mobile offshore unit that floats and may place for temporary works or jobs. Can be
categorized as MODU & MOPU.

- MODU (Mobile Offshore Drilling Unit): Use for drilling works before the production and processing
stage.
- MOPU (Mobile Offshore Production Unit): Use for production works especially for marginal field,
which is not economically viable to put an offshore platform.
bole explain more detail maksud not economic tu? boleh bg lebih jelas?
2. Oil Platform: Oil & gas producing structure designed for ± 30 years life. Can either be man or
unmanned (satellite). explain skit man and unmanned ni...pakai apa x unmanned tu

Main Components of Offshore Structure

1. Topside: Upper half of the structure, above the sea level, outside the splash zone, on which
equipment is installed. This includes the oil production plant, the accommodation block and the
drilling rig. apa maksud splash zone?
2. Substructure: Jackets and hulls/pontoon which are made of steels or concrete to hold the topside.
maksud hulls, pontoons? bagi example or gambaran?

Topside Substructure

Types of Offshore Structure

1. Bottom Supported:
a. Gravity Based Structure (GBS) – water depth up to 1200 ft
- A support structure held in place by gravity.
- Suitable for a large field with long term production period maksudnye? large field with long
b. Fixed Platform (FP) – water depth up to 1,400 ft term means?...elaborate a bit
- built on concrete and/or steel legs anchored directly onto the seabed
- immobility, designed for very long term use
 c. Compliant Tower (CT) – water depth up to 3,000 ft
- consist of narrow, flexible towers and a piled foundation
- supporting a conventional deck for drilling and production operations
maksudnya how is it look like? maybe explain a bit
2. Floating & Vessels: setiap ni bole share gambar?
a. Tension Leg Platfor (TLP) – water depth up to 5,000 ft
- floating rigs tethered to the seabed in a manner that eliminates most vertical movement
of the structure
- mini TLP with relatively low cost called Seastars Platform
b. Semi-submersible – water depth up to 6,000 ft
- contain pontoon to provide sufficient buoyancy to cause the structure to float
- anchored by cable anchors during drilling operations or kept in place by the use of
steerable thrusters
c. Spar Platform (SP) – water depth up to 10,000 ft
- moored to the seabed like the TLP but with more conventional mooring lines
- inherent more stability than TLP because it has a large counterweight at the bottom and
does not depend on the mooring to hold it upright
d. Floating Production Systems
- large ships equipped with processing facilities and moored to a location for a long period
- Main type:
 FPSO (floating production, storage, and offloading system)
 FSO (floating storage and offloading system)
 FSU (floating storage unit)
e. Drillship
- Large ship equipped with drilling derrick, moon pool, positioning equipment, living
quarters & helipad.
- Usually use for ultra-deep water operations.

Conclusion Able to know different types of offshore structure.

References Types of offshore platforms:

https://www.strukts.com/blog/2305/types-of-offshore-platforms/

https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/types-offshore-oil-gas-structures-amir-noruzi/

https://www.slideshare.net/NilotpalNath/types-of-offshore-oil-and-gas-rigs

https://www.slideshare.net/ABHISHEKKUMAR790/introduction-to-offshore-structure-2?next_slideshow=1

http://minyakdangasmalaysia.blogspot.com/2010/10/part-i-types-of-offshore-platforms.html

http://minyakdangasmalaysia.blogspot.com/2010/10/part-ii-types-of-offshore-platforms.html

https://geographic.org/deepwater_gulf_of_mexico/development_systems.html

https://www.fircroft.com/blogs/the-6-biggest-offshore-structures-in-the-world-83272314444
 GBS FP

CT Mini TLP (Seastar) TLP

Semi-submersible Spar

FPSO