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Department of Education

Region III
Schools Division Office of Olongapo City
Olongapo City National High School
City of Olongapo

A DETAILED LESSON PLAN


IN
GRADE 8 SCIENCE

UNIT 1 LIVING THINGS AND THE ENVIRONMENT


MODULE 2: INTERACTION
SUBTOPIC: FOOD CHAIN

Prepared by:

CHRISTIAN JAIMES A. FABIAN

Checked by:

SHANLYN G. FARIN
MT 1

Noted by:

MARIEBETH B. JUNIO, Ed. D.


SSHT III- Science

MIRIAM E. ADOBO, Ed. D.


SSHT VI, Science
Division of City Schools
OLONGAPO CITY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
OLONGAPO CITY

The learners demonstrate an understanding of:


Content 1. the concept of a species
Standard 2. the species as being further classified into a hierarchical taxonomic
system.

The learners should be able to report (e.g., through a travelogue) on the


Performance
activities that communities engage in to protect and conserve
Standard
endangered and economically important species.

Learning The learners should be able to classify organisms using the hierarchical
Competency taxonomic system. S8LT-IVh- 21

I. LEARNING OBJECTIVES

At the end of the lesson, 85% of the students should be able to;
a. Describe a food chain;
b. Explain the transfer of energy from one organism to another in a
Objectives
food chain;
c. Make a simple food chain to show the relationship among
producers, consumers and decomposers.

II. SUBJECT MATTER


UNIT 4: Living Things and their Environment
Topic
MODULE 2: INTERACTIONS
Sub-Topic FOOD CHAIN
Grade Level GRADE 8 (8-3 STE )
pictures of different organisms
laptop
projector
Materials cartolina
permanent marker
adhesive tape

Science 8. Learners Module, Campo, Pia., et al 2013. Pp. 217-220


References
Grade 8 Learning Module Pp. 276-278
Skills Describing, Identifying, Giving examples
Values Cooperation within the Group
Realizing the importance of biodiversity
Appreciation for life
CAI, Role Playing, Video and Picture Analysis,
Strategies
Cooperative Learning, Graphic Organizer

A food chain is a linear sequence of organisms “who eats


whom” through which nutrients and energy pass through the primary
producers, primary consumers, and higher-level consumers. There is a
single path through the chain. Each organism in a food chain occupies
what is called a trophic level.

The bottom of the food chain consists of photosynthetic


organisms (plants and/or phytoplankton), which are called primary
producers. The organisms that consume the primary producers are
herbivores: the primary consumers. Secondary consumers are usually
Key Points
carnivores that eat the primary consumers. Tertiary consumers are
carnivores that eat other carnivores and so on, up to the organisms at
the top of the food chain.

The transfer of matter in a food chain expressed as energy in


food from one trophic level to another are not one hundred percent
used. Biomass is the total mass of organisms in a food chain. Only about
10% of biomass and energy are transferred to the next level. This
relationship between producers and consumers can be demonstrated
through an energy pyramid.

III. LEARNING STRATEGIES


Teachers Activity Students Activity
A. Preliminary Activities
 Checking of attendance
 Checking of assignments
 Recall of the previous lesson about The Monfort Bat Cave

Good morning, Class! Good morning, Sir!

How are you today? We are fine, Sir. Thank you.

Okay let us start our day with the The student will lead the prayer.
guidance of the Lord. (call a student)
_____, will you please lead the prayer.

Before you take your seats, please The students will arrange the chairs and pick-
arrange your chairs and pick up those up the pieces of paper.
papers under and near your chair.
Who are absent today? The group leaders will report the absent.
(Roll call by group)

Thank you.

Did I give you an assignment yesterday? Yes, Sir

Kindly answer question number 1. Students answer may vary


What is a food chain?

How about question number 2, Students answer may vary


What is an energy pyramid?

Let’s have question number 3, Students answer may vary


What is a trophic level?

Count the total scores for your Students will do so


assignment.

What did we discuss yesterday? Sir we discussed about the Monfort Bat
Cave.

Look on the picture on the screen and Crow,


identify which of the following organisms Rat,
were mentioned in the article Monfort Phyton,
bat cave? Lizard,
Bat,
Dog,
Cat,
Durian,
Durian tree,

Very Good!

Based on the article about Monfort Bat Durian trees


Cave which of these organisms served
as food for the bat?

Very Good!

What could have caused the declined The decline in the population of cave
in the population of cave dwelling bats? dwelling bats was due to human
disturbance and destruction of their
habitats.
Very Good!
B. Motivation
 Let the students play the game entitled “Jack en’ Eat”, a modified version of Jack
en’ Poy” game

Let’s now have a game entitled “Jack


en’ Eat”. The mechanics of the game is
similar to the longtime favorite game
known as Jack en’ Poy. The loser will be
eaten by the winner. The winners on the
1st round will play with each other until
we come up with the last man standing.
The last man standing will be the winner
of the game. Are we clear with the Yes, sir
mechanics?

Choose 1 representative in your group Students will choose their representative and
to play the game. Come here in front go in front

Let’s play Jack en’ Eat. Students will play

How will you relate the game “Jack en’ With our game sir the winner in “Jack en Eat”
Eat” to the concept of interaction will eat the loser until the last man standing.
among organisms? With that we can see the interaction. The
interaction from 1st round up to the last
round we can see the chain like process.
Chain like process of interaction among the
representative of each group leads us to the
concept of food chain.

Very Good!
C. Activity Proper
 Let the students watch a video about food chain.
 Answer the guide questions.
 Perform an activity about food chain through a role playing.

Let us now watch a video about


interaction among organisms.

After watching the video, you are


tasked to answer the following guide
questions:

What is a food chain?


What starts a food chain?
What ends a food chain?
What are the components of a food
chain?
Students will watch a video about food
chain.

Let us now discuss what you have seen


in the video by answering the guide
questions.

Who would like to answer question A food chain is a linear sequence of


number 1, What is a food chain? organisms “who eats whom”.

It is a sequence of eating and being eaten


through which nutrients and energy pass
through the producers, consumers, and
decomposers.

Each part of a food chain is a link


connected to other links.

Very Good!

How about question number 2, what The primary producers start a food chain, sir.
starts a food chain?

Let’s answer question number 3, what The end of a food chain can either be a
ends a food chain? tertiary consumer or a decomposer too, sir

And how about question number 4, Based on the video the components of a
what are the components of a food food chain are the producer, consumer and
chain? decomposer.

Very Good!

To further discuss about food chain let us


perform an activity where you will be
playing the role of different organisms.

The teacher will distribute to each group


the materials placed inside an
envelope.

Inside the envelopes are pictures of


different organisms which are set up as
a headband. You need to wear those
headbands for today’s lesson.

Wear your headbands now and do not


remove it until the end of the class. Students will wear their headbands

Very Good!

With the headbands that you are


wearing. You will do a role-playing
activity that simulates a food chain.

You will be given 5 minutes to plan your


role play and 3 minutes to perform the
role play with your groupmates.

Do you have any questions? None, sir!

For scoring your performance you will be


evaluated in terms of the content, the
roles you performed in the role play, the
group collaboration during the
preparation and your overall
performance.

The teacher will present the rubrics to


class via PowerPoint.

Are we clear? Yes sir!

There’s a countdown timer for our


activity. After 5 minutes we will start your
performance.

You may start now. Students will start their planning

After 5 minutes

Let’s start the group presentation of your Students will present their activity and post
role play. their food chains on the board.

The teacher will randomly call the group


who will present.

Scoring of the performance of the


students will be given after their
performance
The highest for our activity is group
number ____.

What are the different food chains that


you have mentioned in your role-playing
activity?

What did you observe with your food Students answer may vary.
chains?

The teacher will show an energy Students will observe the energy pyramid
pyramid to the class

Observe this energy pyramid!

What are your observations of this Students answer may vary


energy pyramid?

Every level in the energy pyramid is


equivalent to our trophic levels in
ecosystem.

What is the first trophic level? The primary producer, Sir!

What is a primary producer? Primary producers are organisms that


acquire their energy from sunlight and
materials from nonliving sources. Also, they
absorb water and nutrients to the soil.

Primary producers can produce their own


food, Sir
Very Good!

How can they produce their own food? By the process called photosynthesis, sir

Excellent!

In each energy level only 10% can be


transferred to the next trophic level

For example, grasses absorb 25000 kcal.


from the sunlight, water and nutrients
from the soil.
How many kcal. will be absorbed by the The primary consumer for example the
primary consumer from the plant? grasshopper will only absorb 2500 kcal of
energy from the plant.

The primary consumer like the grasshopper is


an example of a herbivore.

Why are they called herbivores? They are called herbivores because they
feed on producers or plants.

What organism is the second trophic The primary consumer which is the
level? grasshopper is our second trophic level.

Very Good!

When the secondary consumer, for The frog will only absorb 250 kcal of energy
example the frog eats the grasshopper from the grasshopper.
how many kcal. will be absorbed by the
secondary consumer from the primary
consumer?

What organism is the third trophic level? The secondary consumer which is the frog is
our third trophic level.
Bravo!

When the tertiary consumer for example The snake will only absorb 25 kcal of energy
the snake eats the frog, how many kcal. from the frog.
will be absorbed by the snake from the
frog?

Very Good!

What organism is the fourth trophic The tertiary consumer which is the snake is
level? our fourth trophic level.

What are the different types of Consumers can be either an omnivore or


consumers? carnivore.
A carnivore is an animal that gets food from
What is a carnivore? killing and eating other animals

An omnivore is a kind of animal that eats


How about an omnivore? either other animals or plants.

It will be acted upon by decomposers.


What will happen when the tertiary
consumer or the snake dies?

What are decomposers? Decomposers are organisms that break


down dead or decaying organisms, and in
doing so, they carry out the natural process
of decomposition

Sir, decomposers are heterotrophic,


meaning that they use organic substrates to
get their energy, carbon and nutrients for
growth and development

The decomposed body of a dead


organism can be a fertilizer of plants
that can grow and produce food. It will
become the new primary producer of a
new primary consumer.
D. Post Activity

Let us now organize the organisms that


you are wearing.

Let’s identify which among them is the


primary producer, primary consumer,
secondary producer, tertiary consumer
and decomposers.

The teacher will present the graphic


organizer.

Here in front we have the graphic


organizer. You need to put your
organisms in the respective column.

Let’s do it by group. The first group will


be the first to fill up the graphic
organizer by putting the organisms in its
respective columns.
Let’s start Students will do so.
E. Application/Valuing

What do you think will happen if one Students answer may vary
organism in the food chain become
extinct? What will happen to the
producer, consumer, decomposer?
IV. EVALUATION
A. Identify whether it is a producer or a
consumer or a decomposers.

1. Rice oats
2. Snake
3. Chicken
4. Humans Students answer may vary
5. Mushrooms
6. Lion
7. Milkfish
8. Plankton
B. Construct a food chain from the given
list of organisms.

V. AGREEMENT
1. Give one example of food chain

2. Illustrate the example chosen on a 1


whole bond paper (printed or
drawing)

References:

 Science – Grade 8 Learner’s Material First Edition, Department of Education, 2013


 Biology the Living World. Fifth Edition. Audesirk et. al. pages 235-238

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