UNIT 1: FRIENDSHIP

1. Infinitive with to: hope, plan, intend, decide, promise, agree, offer, refuse, seem,
appear, pretend, ask, expect, would like, want,...
Ex: I hope to see you next week.
2. Infinitive without to: saw, made, watched, let, heard, think, felt,….
Ex: She made me feel sad.
UNIT 2: PERSONAL EXPERIENCES
1. Present simple indicating past time:
Ex: Do you like this picture? My uncle painted it.
2. Tense revisions: past simple, past progressive and past perfect.
Simple past:
Form:
Affirmative: S + V2ed, S + was/were
Negative: S + did + not + V0, S + was/were + not
Question: Did + S + V0?, Was/Were + S?
Use:
_ An activity or situation began and ended in a particular time in the past.
Ex: Uncle Ho passed away in 1969.
Past progressive:
Form:
Affirmative: S + was/were + V_ing
Negative: S + was/were + not + V_ing
Question: Was/Were + S + V_ing?
Use:
_ An action happened at a particular time in the past.
_ It is also used in both parts of a sentence when two actions are in progress
simultaneously.
Ex: I was doing my homework at 7p.m yesterday.
While my mother was cooking, I was playing video games.
UNIT 3: A PARTY
1. Infinitive and gerund:
Gerund: enjoy, appreciate, mind, quit, finish, avoid, postpone, delay, keep, consider,
discuss, mention, suggest,...
Ex: I enjoy playing badminton.
To infinitive: hope, plan, intend, decide, promise, agree, offer, refuse, seem, appear,
pretend, ask, expect, would like, want,...
Ex: I decide to meet you tomorrow.
Gerund and infinive: stop, forget, remember, regret, try.
Stop + to V0: showing purpose.
Stop + V_ing: stop an activity.
Ex:
I stop to eat lunch.
I stop smoking.

Remember + to V0: remember to perform a responsibility, duty, or task.

Remember + V_ing: remember something happened in the past.
Ex:
Remember to post the letter when you get to the post office.
 I remember seeing her at the first time.

Forget + to V0: forget to perform a responsibility, duty, or task.

Forget + V_ing: forget something happened in the past.
Ex:
She always forgets to lock the door.
I will never forget seeing her at the first time.

Regret + to V0: regret to say, to tell someone, to inform someone of some bad news.
Regret + V_ing: regret something happened in the past.
Ex:
I regret to tell you that you failed the exam.
I regret lending him some money.

Try + to V0: make effort.

Try + V_ing: experiment with a new or different approach to see if it works.
Ex:
He tries to get 10 marks.
He tries writing with his left hand.
2. Passive infinitive and gerund:

Infinitive Gerund
Passive to be + V3ed being + V3ed
Ex:
I enjoy being invited to the party.
I expect to be become a president.
UNIT 4: VOLUNTEER WORK
1. Gerund and present participle:
Spend/waste + time + V_ing
Find/see/catch/hear + O + V_ing
Prevent/stop + O + from + V_ing
Would you mind + V_ing
Without + V_ing
Look forward to + V_ing
Object to + V_ing
Ex:
I am looking forward to meeting her.
2. Perfect gerund and perfect participle:

Simple Past
Active to V0 to have + V3ed
V_ing having V3ed
Passive to be + V3ed to have been + V3ed
being + V3ed having been + V3ed
Ex:
The rain seems to have stopped.
I appreciate having had opportunity to meet the king.
I am fortunate to have been given a scholarship.
 I appreciate having been told the news.
UNIT 5: ILLITERACY
1. Reported speech with infinitive(s):
Form: S + advised/asked/wanted/reminded/invited/told + O + to V0
Ex:
She advised me to go her birthday party.
UNIT 6: COMPETITIONS
1. Reported speech with gerund:
Apologized + (to + O) + for + (not) + V_ing/sth
Congratulated + O + on + V_ing/sth
Thanked + O + for + V_ing/sth
Dreamed of + V_ing/sth
Admitted + V_ing
Denied + V_ing
Advised against + V_ing
Insisted on + V_ing
Warn + O + against + V_ing
Accused + O + of + V_ing
Blamed + O + for + V_ing
Ex:
I thanked her for helping me pass the exam.
UNIT 7: WORLD POPULATION
1. Conditional types 1, 2 and 3:
Type 1: If + S + V1, S + will/can + V0
Type 2: If + S + V2ed, S + would/could + V0
Type 3: If + S + had + V3ed, S + would/could + have + V3ed
Ex:
If I have enough money, I will buy a car.
If I were you, I would take doctor’s advice.
If I had worked hard, I would not have failed.
2. Conditional in reported speech:
Form:
S + said/told + that + if + S + V2ed, S + would + V0
ed
S + said/told + that + if + S + had + V3 , S + would + have + V3ed
Ex:
She said that if she were me, she would do like that.
UNIT 8: CELEBRATIONS
1. Pronouns one(s), someone, anyone, no one, everyone:
Ex:
This watch doesn’t work any more. I’m going to buy a new one.
These watches don’t work ant more. I’m going to buy new ones.

Someone and everyone are used in affirmative sentences.

Ex:
Someone is following me.
Everyone has gone home.
 Any one is used in negative and interrogative sentences.
Ex:
Can anyone answer this question?
I can’t see anyone here.
Verbs is used in affirmative form after No one.
Ex:
No one can answer this question.
Note: everyone = everybody, someone = somebody.

UNIT 9: THE POST OFFICE

1. Defining relatives clause (revision):
Ex: I saw the girl. She helped us last week.
 I saw the girl, who helped us last week.
2. Non-defining relative clause (revision):
Ex: My father is a doctor. He is fifty years old.
 My father, who is fifty years old, is a doctor.
UNIT 10: NATURE IN DANGER
1. Relative pronouns with prepositions:
Form: preposition + Whom
preposition + Which
Ex:
The person, to whom I talked last night, is my best friend.
The rose, to which he gave her last night, is very beautiful.
UNIT 11: SOURCES OF ENERGY
1. Relative clauses replaced by participles and to infinitives (revision):
Form:
S(person/thing) + V3ed => Passive
S(person/thing) + V_ing => Active
S(person/thing) + to V0
Ex:
The book, written by To Hoai, is interesting.
I am reading a book, being interesting.
There is a hotel for us to stay.
UNIT 12: ASIAN GAMES
1. Relative clause (revison):
Form:
S(person) who/that + V
S(person) who/whom/that + S(person) + V + preposition
+ V + (O)
S(thing) which/that + V
S(thing) which/that + S(person) + V
S(person/thing) whose S(person/thing) + V
Reason + why + S(person/thing) + V
On/in/at + which = when/where
Ex:
 Lan, who is friendly, is my best friend.
The person, whom I talked to last night, is my best friend.
The company, which makes car, is over there.
The dog, which I bought last year, was friendly.
I am looking for a cat whose legs were broken.
I do not the reason why she is always absent from class.
The house, where I was born, is very beautiful.
UNIT 13: HOBBIES
1. Cleft sentences:
Subject focus
Object focus
Adverbial focus
Form:
It + to be + N(subject) + that + V
It + to be + N(object) + that + S + V
Ex:
It is my friend that wrote this sentence.
It is the dog that the boy hit in the garden.
UNIT 14: RECREATION
1. Conjunctions: both...and, not only....but also..., either...or, neither....nor...
Form: Paralell structure.
Both + N + and + N
Not only + N + but also + N
Either + N + or + N
Neither + N + nor + N
Ex:
Both Lan and her parents are kind.
2. Cleft sentences in passive:
Form:
It + to be + N + that + to be + V3ed
Ex:
It is the dog that is hit in the garden.
UNIT 15: SPACE CONQUEST
1. Could/be able to:
Use:
Could and be able to are used to express ability.
Note: am/is/are + able to + V0 = can + V0
Ex:
I could speak two languages.
2. Tag questions:
Form: S + V, auxiliary verb + S?
Ex:
1. She is a student, is not she?
2. She eats fish, does not she?
3. She ate fish, did not she?
4. She has eaten fish, has not she?
 5. She had eaten fish, had not she?
6. She can eat fish, can not she?
7. She must eat fish, does not she?
8. She hardly eats fish, does she?
UNIT 16: THE WONDERS OF THE WORLD
1. It is said that...
2. People say that....
4 special forms of passive voice:
1. People say (that) Henry eats/will eat 10 eggs a day.
 It is said (that) Henry eats/will eat 10 eggs a day.
 Henry is said to eat 10 eggs a day.
(Simple Present – Simple Present or Simple Future)
2. People say (that) Henry ate/has eaten 10 eggs a day.
 It is said (that) Henry ate/has eaten 10 eggs a day.
 Henry is said to have eaten 10 eggs a day.
(Simple Present – Simple Past or Present Perfect)
3. People said (that) Henry ate 10 eggs a day.
 It was said (that) Henry ate 10 eggs a day.
 Henry was said to eat 10 eggs a day.
to have eaten
(Simple Past – Simple Past)
4. People said (that) Henry had eaten 10 eggs a day.
 It was said (that) Henry had eaten 10 eggs a day.
 Henry was said to have eaten 10 eggs a day.
(Simple Past – Past Perfect)