By: TEDDY D. ANFONE, JR.

URBAN RELATED
PROBLEM
 URBAN
• Pertaining to, or designating a city or town
• Living in a city
• Characteristic of or accustomed to cities
URBAN RELATED
PROBLEMS
 HIGH POPULATION DENSITY
This problem of high population density is caused due
to the heavy rate of migration from rural areas. The
rapid population growth has led to an acute shortage of
dwelling units which resulted to; overcrowding, traffic
congestion, pollution, housing shortages (slum and
squatter housing), high rents, poor urban living
conditions, low infrastructure services, poverty,
unemployment, and poor sanitation which has become
pervasive and indeed high crime rate. All of these have
an effect on the high population density in developing
countries.
 INADEQUATE INFRASTRUCTURE

One major serious aspect of the urban problem is

the poor state of the infrastructures. Some
developing countries are still faced with bad road
network, lack of power supply, inadequate water
supply and some basic amenities.
 LACK OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Lack of affordable housing has led to confrontations with
well – organized squatters, who take over unoccupied
buildings to live rent- free or prevent demolitions. Which
has brought about, lack of housing vacancy rate, due to
the rapid job growth and housing costs that has
increased. Problems such as insufficient housing,
especially particular for low – income families, are being
faced, which resulted in overcrowding of already
congested areas, the continuing deterioration of
rundown neighborhoods, high social cost and untold
personal misery.
 FLOODING

Flooding is a very serious problem faced in urban areas,

especially in developing countries, during the rainy
seasons. The drainage is poorly constructed leading to
difficulty in accessing the roads due to the flood leading
to the flood disaster in some developing countries.
 POLLUTION
Water Pollution

This type of pollution refers to the contamination of bodies of

water including groundwater. As all living organisms depend on
water to live, the pollution of a body of water tends to affect
every level of the ecosystem, including human health. Common
causes of water pollution include industrial waste, insecticides,
pesticides, and fertilizers, detergents and oil spills. These
pollutants either work by killing off organisms through their
toxicity (industrial waste, insecticides), or reducing oxygen
values in the water (known as Eutrophication) by blocking out
sunlight (detergents, oil).
 POLLUTION
Air Pollution

Air is usually comprised of 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, 0.9%

oxide gases and 0.1% inert gases. When the air becomes
contaminated with other elements such as poisonous gases or
particles, it can cause serious problems to human health. The
most common causes of air pollution include partially
combusted exhaust gases, poisonous gases which are a by-
product of industry including sulphur dioxide and carbon
monoxide, and carcinogenic gases released through the burning
of plastic, rubber and wood.
 POLLUTION
Soil Pollution

Soil can be stripped of it’s nutrients (and therefore fertility) by a

number of chemical agents and when this occurs, it is known as
soil pollution. Common causes of soil pollution include
pesticides, insecticides, agricultural chemicals, industrial waste,
and radioactive waste. Plants depend on the nutrients in the soil
in order to grow, but many of these chemical compounds absorb
the nitrogenous compounds present in the soil which the plants
depend on..
 POLLUTION
Thermal Pollution

Many industries release heat energy as a by-product and once

released into the environment, this thermal energy is partially
responsible for global warming. Manufacturing industries release
thermal energy into the air as well as into bodies of water. This in
itself is not necessarily a bad thing although it can dramatically
alter local ecosystems. The problem arises from the excess of
carbon dioxide in our atmosphere. Carbon dioxide prevents heat
from exiting the atmosphere, so the heat from the sun, combined
with the excess thermal energy which is a by-product of many
industries as well as vehicles cannot escape and raises the
temperature of the atmosphere.
 POLLUTION
Radioactive Pollution

When radioactive metals disintegrate, they release beta rays which

can cause a whole host of mutative diseases in living organisms,
this is known as radioactive pollution. As the name suggests,
radioactive pollution mostly comes from the nuclear power
industry, either in the form of radioactive waste being dumped or
improperly disposed of and then making its way into bodies of
water, or from the accidental release of radioactive substances
when a nuclear reactor is damaged. Once radioactive pollution is
present in the environment, it can linger for decades, making
enormous areas of land unfit for human occupation of any sort.
 POLLUTION
Noise Pollution

Noise pollution refers to an excess of unpleasant sounds emanating

from industry, infrastructure, heavy machinery, transportation, and
even human occupation being released into the environment. In
humans, noise pollution can have a detrimental effect on both
mental and physical health and has been linked to high stress
levels, hearing loss, hypertension, depression, sleep disturbances
and an increase in incidences of coronary artery disease. Noise
pollution also reduces the amount of viable habitat for wildlife as it
interferes with sounds and communication, making it difficult for
animals to navigate, mate and detect predators or prey
 POLLUTION
Light Pollution

The excessive, obtrusive, and misdirected use of light in areas

of human habitation as well as in industry cause light
pollution. Light pollution is defined as the alteration of natural
light levels in both indoor and outdoor environments through
human interference. Light pollution causes headaches,
fatigue, stress and anxiety. Light pollution disrupts eco
systems by confusing animal navigation, altering predator-
prey relations, disrupting plant growth and pollination, and
change competitor interactions.
 SLUM CREATION
The growth of slums in cities is one of the serious
problems created by the rapid industrialization and
urbanization. The following projects are introduced to
eliminate slums in urban societies; extensive slum
clearance, rehabilitation and rebuilding, slum
improvement scheme, construction of a network of
expressways to alleviate urban decay and ensure the
future propensity of the central areas, relocation of
inhabitant to the suburb, slum upgrading scheme which
makes provision of some basic amenities such as street
lights, drainage, and accessible roads.
 CRIME

The increase in population leads to an increase in

crime rate. Due to the high level of urban
unemployment, idleness and joblessness, this has
brought about a high increase in crime rates suffered
by the majority of the people in Urban cities. "Without
economic security and amid poor living conditions,
crime is inevitable"
 TRAFFIC CONGESTION
It could be in traffic and overcrowding. In traffic, there is
an overcrowding of a route, leading to slow and
inefficient flow which makes movement difficult. Large
increases in motor vehicle usage have resulted in
congestion on the roads. Congestion within urban areas
restricts accessibility. Traffic flow could be controlled by
various rules, regulation and signs which are used to
keep traffic flow smoothly. The traffic flows helps to
avoid collisions and other hazard.
 URBAN SPRAWL
• Rapid spread of housing from cities into the
surrounding countryside
• Increased migration to cities
• Cities attract people looking for work and
accommodation
• Services are not provided by the rapidly growing
population
• The urban area increased to accommodate the
overspill from the city into the commuter zone
 URBAN DECAY
• Urban decay means inner city buildings are in
need of demolition/repair
• Old buildings have inadequate sanitation,
poor heating etc
• People are re-housed from inner city areas
• Many homes are left boarded up waiting for
redevelopment and become squats
• Vandalism and crime rise, become ‘no go’
areas
 RURAL TO URBAN MIGRATION
The process of people moving from rural areas to cities

Urbanization results from a natural increase in the

population and rural to urban migration.
People migrate to towns and cities in hope of gaining a
better standard of living. They are influenced by pull
factors that attract them to urban life, and push factors
that make them dissatisfied with rural living.
 POVERTY
"Poverty is hunger, is lack of shelter, is being sick and not
being able to see a doctor, is not having access to school
and not knowing how to read, is not having a job, is fear
for the future, living one day at a time, is losing a child to
illness brought about by unclean water, is
powerlessness, lack of representation and freedom."
QUIZ:
Give 10 Urban Related Problems
ANSWERS:
1. High population density
2. Inadequate infrastructure
3. Lack of affordable housing
4. Flooding
5. Pollution
6. Slum creation
7. Crime
8. Congestion and poverty
9. Urban sprawl
10. Traffic congestion
11. Urban sprawl
12. Urban decay
13. Rural to urban migration
14. Poverty
THANK YOU!!!