Design of Steel and Timber Structure Chapter: 02 Eccentric connection

Eccentric Connection

 Eccentric Riveted Connection

 Eccentric Welded Connection
1. Eccentric Riveted Connection
These connections carry moment in addition to direct translation force. In such cases the
direct forces does not pass thorough the centre of the joint. Therefore, the rivets should be
designed to carry the additional forces (Tension or Shear) due to bending moment.
The resistance offered by a rivet was entirely to prevent a linear or translator displacement of
the plate or member connected. Two types of eccentric loading arises,
 When the applied moment is in the plane of connections
 When the applied moment is normal to the plane of the connections.

Case (I): When the applied moment is in the plane of connections

The rivet have to offer resistance to prevent translator displacement (displacement due to shear)
as well as rotator displacement (displacement due to moment)

The perpendicular distance between line of action of total load ‘P’ on the bracket plate and the
centroid of the rivet group is called eccentricity ‘e’

The rivets connecting the bracket plate and the flange of the column have to offer the following
resistance.

i. Resistance against translation (Direct Shear):

The resistance is assumed to be uniform for all the rivets. If ‘P’ be the load on each
bracket plate, resistance against (direct shear) per rivet = P/n
Where, n= number of rivets on one bracket plate
ii. Resistance against rotation (Bending):
The load being eccentric there is a tendency of the bracket plate to rotate about C.G the
centroid of the rivet group. The rivets therefore have to offer a resistance to prevent such
a rotation such a resistance offered by a rivet is called the torsional shear in the rivet.
Torsional shear in the rivet is directly proportional to the distance of the rivet from the
centroid of the rivet group.
Let Fm be the torsional shear in a rivet at a distance ‘r’ from the C.G, the centroid of the
rivet group. The direction of the force Fm is at right angle to the line joining C.G and the
rivet.
𝑭𝒎 ∝ 𝒓 𝒐𝒓 𝑭𝒎 = 𝑲𝒓 𝑊ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝐾 = 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡
Moment due to torsional shear is = 𝑭𝒎 ∗ 𝒓 = 𝑲𝒓𝟐
Total resisting moment offered by all rivet 𝑴𝒓 = 𝑲𝒓𝟐
But external moment applied = 𝑷 ∗ 𝒆
For equilibrium
Resisting moment = Applied moment
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Design of Steel and Timber Structure Chapter: 02 Eccentric connection

𝑷∗𝒆
𝑲𝒓𝟐 = 𝑷 ∗ 𝒆 𝑶𝒓, 𝑲 =
𝒓𝟐
If (X, Y) be the coordinate of rivet at a distance r from the C.G of rivet group.
𝑋 2 + 𝑌 2 = 𝑟 2 𝑂𝑟, 𝑟 = 𝑋2 + 𝑌2

P *e P *e
k  2
(x  y ) x  y 2
2 2

Now, considered the rivet (I) which is at a distance ‘r 1’ from C.G centroid of the rivet
group
P *e P *e
Fm1  K * r1  2 * r1  2 * x2  y2
x  y 2
x  y 2

Now, Resisting due to direct shear F1  P / n

P *e
Resistance due to torsional shear Fm1  * x2  y2
x 2  y 2
The resultant resistance can be calculated as follows
1. The vertical component on the rivet = Va  ( P / n  Fm1 sin )
2. The horizontal component on the rivet = Ha  Fm1 cos 
For the design to be safe, total resistance ‘R’ should be less the rivet value ’R’

Case (II): When the applied moment is normal to the plane of the connection

When the applied moment is not in the plane of the rivets, the rivets are subjected to both tension
and shear

 The external force tends to rotate the connections about a neutral axis
 The locations of the neutral axis depend upon the initial tension (if any) in the rivets.

I. Initial tension in rivet:

Hot driven have initial tension when they cool and compress the connection of plates
together..
Figure shows the stress variations at the joint due to applied moment.
If n = number of rivet in each line
m = number of lines or rivets
p = pitch of rivets
Tensile stress at extreme fiber

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Design of Steel and Timber Structure Chapter: 02 Eccentric connection

M
bt  y
I
W * e *(np / 2)
bt 
1
(m * b)*(np)3
12
6M
bt 
mn 2 p 2b
Total force per load on the extreme fastener (rivet)
r  bt * p * b
Stress on extreme rivet
r bt * p * b 6M p *b
  2 2
*
Ar Ar mn p b Ar
6M
tf ,cal 
mpn 2 Ar
But for the design to be safe, force on the extreme rivet T r should be less than or equal to
the rivet value. i.e.
r  R
6M
R
mpn 2
number of rivet 'n'
6m
n
mpR

II. No initial tension in rivet:

The applied moment M causes separation of the connecting plates. The moment M is
resisted by the couple formed by the tension in the rivets above the neutral axis and
compression in the connected plate below the neutral axis.
For locating the N-A exactly it is assumed that the N-A lies somewhere near one seventh
the depth of the connection from the lower or compression end
Rivets subjected to both shear and tension are proportional such that the calculated
stresses do not exceed the respective allowable stress.
vf ,cal tf ,cal
 should not be greater than 1.4
vf tf
vf ,cal  vf , tf ,cal  tf

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Design of Steel and Timber Structure Chapter: 02 Eccentric connection

vf ,cal  Calculated shear stress in the fastener.

tf ,cal  Calculated tensile stress in the fastener.
vf =Permissible shear stress in the fastener.
tf Permissible Tensile stress in the fastener.

2.Eccentric Welded Connection

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