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IMPLICATION
1. Society like the physical world, operates accordingly to absolute laws in order to
understand the nature of society.
2. Positivist research prefer exact qualitative data object research to discover the truth that is
out there.
3. Positivist emerge deductive logic with empirical observation to verify laws that can be used
to foresee general patterns or human actions
- Discover laws
INTERPRETIVE SOCIAL SCIENCES – claims that people create and associate subjective
meaning as they interact with the world.
IMPLICATIONS
1. There is no objective reality
2. The duty of interpretative research is to search for the meaning that people design to
certain phenomena in order to understand them.
INTERPRETIVE SOCIAL SCIENCE
CRITICAL THEORY – critical process of inquiry that attempts to uncover surface illusion to
reveal real structures in the material world for social transformation
“Social inequalities exist and we can do something to address them.”
IMPLICATIONS
1. People shape their own destiny but not voluntarily because their material environment is
influenced by social political and economic conditions.
2. People must understand social reality (go beyond surface illusions) in order to change the
world.
3. Critical social science puts theory into practice. It goes beyond describing.
FEMINIST THEORY – aims to eliminate gender inequality by analyzing the status of men
and women in society
MARXISM – aims to eliminate class conflict through class struggle
PSYCHOANALYSIS – aims to understand human behavior by making
THE UNCONSCOUS CONSCIOUS
A. 12 RADCLIFFE BROWN