According to Webster's New Universal Unabridged

Dictionary published in 1983 the definition of

"inflation" after "the act of inflating or the condition of
being inflated" is: "An increase in the amount of
currency in circulation, resulting in a relatively sharp
and sudden fall in its value and rise in prices: it may be
caused by
Volume an Issue
– 1, increase- in INDIA FIRST
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issued or of gold mined, or a relative increase in
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expenditures as and when the supply of goods fails to
meet the demand.
Ayodhya - A Symbol of Unity in Diversity
This definition includes some of the basic economics
of inflation and would seem to indicate that inflation is
not defined as the increase in prices but as the increase
in the supply of money that causes the increase in
prices i.e. inflation is a cause rather than an effect.

A persistent increase in the level of consumer prices or

a persistent decline in the purchasing power of money,
In the 7th century CE, Xuanzang (Hiuen Tsang), the Chinese monk, recorded spotting many Hindu temples in
caused by an increase in available currency and credit
Ayodhya.
beyondInthe
theproportion
epic Ramayana, the city
of available of Ayodhya
goods is cited as the birthplace of Lord Sri Rama, worshipped as Lord
and services.
Vishnu’s seventh incarnation. Ayodhya became a famous pilgrimage destination in the 15th century when
Ramananda, the Hindu mystic, established a devotional sect of Sri Rama. In 16th century, Ayodhya like many other
Indian cities came under the rule of the Mughal Empire. Ayodhya was annexed in 1856 by the British.
The Historical start of Ram Janmabhoomi issue is the contention that the Babri
Masjid structure in Ayodhya was built after the demolition of a Hindu temple.

In December 1990, a small group of scholars, upon the invitation of the VHP,
collected some documentary evidences. The excavation carried out by the
Archaeological Survey of India from 12 March 2003 to 7 August 2003
uncovered a variety of different structures and objects including a 12 foot statue
of Lord Hanuman and coins dating back to early historic period. In July 1992, a
group of eminent archaeologists went to the Ramkot hill to examine the findings.
They found religious scriptures and statue of Lord Vishnu. The results of the
findings reveal that the inner boundary of the disputed structure rests, on an
earlier existing structure, which “may have belonged to an earlier temple”.

The Archaeological Survey of India has given a 574 page report on

the facts and findings of a massive temple beneath the Babri
Mosque site. The excavation showed existence of stones and
decorated bricks, mutilated sculpture of divine couple, carved
architectural semi-circular shrine pilaster, circular shrine having
pranjala in the north. Nearly 50 pillar bases with brickbat
foundation below concrete blocks topped by sandstone blocks were
found. Nearly 14 pillar stones with Hindu ornamentation have been
used to build the mosque. These remnants of Hindu architecture
were mostly used to display the victory of the mosque over the
temple- of Islam over Paganism.

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 "Unity in Diversity"

How are we one? What is that underlying truth or process that

makes us one? We can think of several reasons for this
“oneness”:-

1) Our common 5,000+-year cultural history and ancestry.

2) The post-1947 India with a written Constitution as a

democratic and sovereign republic where every citizen has full
liberty of life and thought.

3) Our innate Hindu nature to respect all pluralistic forms and

paths of secular as well as spiritual pursuits.

4) Our non-aggressive “live and let live” attitude, etc.

The puranas narrate this land as Bharatavarsha (after an ancient

chakravarti named Bharata. Today we call this land, though
much truncated, as Bharat Ganaraajya- the Rebublic of Bharat
or India.

Bhinneka Tunggal Ika (“Unity in Diversity”) is the official national motto of Indonesia, a Muslim-majority
country. It is in the Indonesian national symbol Garuda. The phrase is from a 14th century Old Javanese poem:

Rwâneka dhâtu winuwus Buddha Wiswa,

Bhinnêki rakwa ring apan kena parwanosen,
Mangka ng Jinatwa kalawan Siwatatwa tunggal,
Bhinnêka tunggal ika tan hana dharma mangrwa

Which means that:

“Though the Buddha and Shiva are different, the Jina tatva and the Shiva tatva is one. There is no duality in
Dharma” – so declared Mpu Tantular. Esteemed readers surely will recognize the closeness of the Old Javanese
words in the poem above to those in Sanskrit which says “Vasudaiva Kutumbakam”- meaning “World is one
large family”.

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 Ayodhya – Facts and Findings
Ayodhya is situated in Uttarpradesh. It is one of the landmark cities of 6th Century BC situated on the banks of
river Sarayu. According to the documentation of Rishi Valmiki, Ayodhya is the birth place of Lord Ram.
Ayodhya used to be the capital of Kosala kingdom, a vast stretch of land which spreads from Kabul valley to the
banks of river Godavari. The Kosala kings were devastated by the Magadhans. The city later gained reputation
as a great centre of learning and enlightenment under the glorious rule of the Mauryans and Guptas. The city is
also a cradle of different religions. The city has been mentioned in various religious texts. Ancient structures of
Ayodhya reveal the legendary tales of Hinduism, Budhism, Jainism and Sikhism. Atharvanaveda describes
Ayodhya as ‘city built by the Gods’.

The returning of Hindus to worship at the

disputed place indicates that the Babri
Masjid replaced a pre-existent place of
worship. Also, the Hindus’ attachment to
the place clearly dates back to the pre-
Masjid days and this is because of the
pre-existent tradition. The central dome
of the Masjid is slightly deformed and is
supported by a front wall. The reason
seems to be that the builders had to adjust
the upper part of the Masjid to the walls
and pillars of the pre-existing temple.

Results of the ASI report:

1000BC – 300BC: A Northern Black

Polished Ware culture existed at the
mosque site. There were Terracotta
figurines of female deities.
200 BC: Sunga Period: Terracotta
mother goddess, human and animal
figurines, pottery, stone and brick
structures of the period.
100 AD – 300AD: Kushan Period:
Terracotta human and animal figurines,
beads, bangle fragments, ceramics of
this period were found.
400 AD – 600 AD: Typical terracotta
figurines, a copper coin with Chandra Radar Search:
Gupta and a circular brick shrine with
In January 2003, a Canadian geophysicist Claude Robillard
an entrance from the east and provision
performed a search with a ground-penetrating radar. The survey
for a water chute on the Northern wall
concluded the following:
has also been found.
th th
11 – 12 Century AD: A huge "There is some structure under the mosque. The structures were
structure of almost 50 m in North- ranging from 0.5 to 5.5 meters in depth that could be associated with
South orientation has been found with a ancient and contemporaneous structures such as pillars, foundation
huge pillar hall. walls, slab flooring, extending over a large portion of the site".

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 What is Hindutva?
Hindutva is the term used to describe movements
advocating Hindu nationalism. Members of the
movement are called Hindutvavādis. Translated as
Hinduness, it refers to the ideology of Hindu
nationalists, stressing the common culture of the
inhabitants of the Indian subcontinent. The term
originated in Hindutva: Who is a Hindu? (1923) by V.
D. Savarkar (1883-1966), written whilst imprisoned by
the British.

In a judgment the Supreme Court of India ruled that "no

precise meaning can be ascribed to the terms 'Hindu',
'Hindutva' and 'Hinduism'; and no meaning in the abstract
can confine it to the narrow limits of religion alone,
excluding the content of Indian culture and heritage." The
Court also ruled that "Ordinarily, Hindutva is understood as
a way of life or a state of mind and is not to be equated with
or understood as religious Hindu fundamentalism. A Hindu
may embrace a non-Hindu religion without ceasing to be a
Hindu and since the Hindu is disposed to think synthetically
and to regard other forms of worship, strange gods and
divergent doctrines as inadequate rather than wrong or
objectionable, he tends to believe that the highest divine
powers complement each other for the well-being of the
world and mankind."

Hindutva as a Culture, not Religion: M S Golwalkar, one of the main proponents of Hindutva believed that
India's diversity in terms of customs, traditions and ways of worship was its uniqueness and that this diversity
was not without the strong underlying cultural basis which was essentially native. He believed that the Hindu
natives with all their diversity, shared among other things "the same philosophy of life", "the same values" and
"the same aspirations" which formed a strong cultural and a civilizational basis for a nation.

Nobel Laureate V.S. Naipaul views the rise of Hindutva as a welcome, broader civilizational resurgence of India.

Hindutva and Uniform Civil Code

Leaders subscribing to Hindutva have been known for their demands for a Uniform Civil Code for all the
citizens of India. They believe that differential laws based on religion violate Article 44 of the Indian
Constitution and have sowed the seeds of divisiveness between different religious communities.

The advocates of Hindutva often use the term pseudo-secularism to refer to policies which they believe are
unduly favorable towards the Muslims and Christians. They oppose what they see as a 'separate-but-equal'
system; some supporters of Hindutva see it as the Indian National Congress party's effort to woo the sizable
minority vote bank at the expense of true equality. The subject of a Uniform Civil Code, which would remove
special religion-based provisions for different religions (Hindus, Muslims, Christians, etc.) from the Indian
Constitution, is thus one of the main agendas of Hindutva organizations.

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 Dharma is Unity, Not Religion(s)

It is often mistaken, particularly by Westerners, Leftists,

and MacAulayputras, that the Vedic religions historically
formed the characteristics of the Hindus and the oneness
of the country. Religions did not, and do not. During the
heights of the Magadha, Kushan, Harsha, or Mugal
empire, neither religion nor the state power singularly
formed the unity. Our Republic’s role models, the states of
Shree Raama and Ashoka, did not have any one religion
or secular principle as the unifying thread. Throughout our
history, what tied the people of Bharat together was the
Sanatana Dharma. This Dharma is neither secular nor
religious but transcends both. Bharat’s state emblem and
our national flag with Ashoka’s Dharma chakra affirm the
centrality of Dharma as the unifying principle in the
Indian society and Indian Republic.

What is
DHARMA?

Dharma is rooted in the Vedas

that declared “Ekam sadviprA
bahudhA vadantyangim yamam
mAtarishwAnamAhuH” – Truth
is one, the knowers of the Vedas
said of it in many ways, as Agni,
Yama, and Matarishwan. Why
should this cause heartburn to
Indian secularists who wrongly
imagine true secularism as
dharma nirapeksha? It is this
Dharma that paved the way for
Therefore, “Unity in Diversity” is only the Dharma. Poet Mpu Tantular full religious freedom from the
in the 14th century Java learnt it from the Hindus and sang its essential Vedic times to the present day. It
Truth for social harmony. This centrality of Dharma is attested in our is the Dharma that gave free play
state emblem and in our national flag. Without this yoke of Dharma on for all secular pursuits as well. It
the shoulders of the state, sarva pantha sama bhaava is no guarantee, as is the Dharma that sheltered all
we amply see from some of our neighboring countries. In light of this the persecuted. It must be
Dharma as the essential unity underlying our wide diversities, similar to clarified that the rule by Dharma
the life current in a diverse tree, the recent judgment of the Lucknow is no theocracy. Theocracy is a
Bench has affirmed the religious freedom of all Indians – to pursue Western phenomenon and it is
their self chosen spiritual pursuits without hurting anybody else or alien to Hinduism, Hindutva, and
without getting hurt by anybody else. India.

A grave historical wrong done through the unjust force of an alien invader has been set right for national
healing. All of us Indians (Hindus, Muslims, and Christians alike) must recognize that Babur or his army
men were not any one of our ancestors. Pledging under the Dharmachakra-embossed national emblem and
the national flag, let us all Indians of many diverse creeds, languages, and pursuits, strive together, speak in
harmony, and form a common goal to uplift all of our people to total material prosperity and spiritual heights
in whatever path each may choose to tread. We also have the noble task of fixing the present state from its
adharmic perversions.
Dharmam eva Satyam – tat vratam

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 Allahabad High Court Verdict

Sixty years after it first went to court, the

Lucknow bench of the Allahabad High Court has
pronounced judgment in the Ayodhya title suit,
saying Hindus and Muslims are joint title
holders. The three-judge bench - comprising
Justice S U Khan, Justice Sudhir Agarwal and
Justice D V Sharma - ruled in a majority
judgment 2:1, that there be a three-way division
of the disputed land - one-third for the Sunni
Waqf Board, one-third for the Nirmohi Akhara
and one-third to the party for 'Ram Lalla'.

The Nirmohi Akhara, the judgment says, would get the Ram Chabutra and Sita Rasoi. Ravi Shankar Prasad,
BJP leader and senior advocate appearing for one of the litigants, emerged from court after the verdict to say,
"this matter will be looked into in the next three months but the important part here is that court has taken a
decision with the consent of the majority and that is that where Ram Lalla is (viraajman) is the birth place of
Ram and that's what the Hindu's believe and even (Justice) SU Khan has also said that Ram Lalla will not be
moved out from that place even when it will be divided into three." Crucially, the court has said there shall
be status quo at the site for three months.
There were two other majority findings, where one judge dissented and two agreed: that the disputed
structure was a mosque and that a temple was demolished to build a mosque. Justice SU Khan held that no
temple was demolished for constructing the mosque at the disputed structure. He said the mosque was
constructed under orders of Babar over the ruins of temples lying in that state for a very long time. The
judgment observed that the idols were placed beneath the central dome early on December 23, 1949. The
court dismissed two major claims to the land - one filed in 1989 on behalf Ram Lalla, or the infant Lord
Ram, and the second by the Sunni Waqf Board filed in 1961. The Sunni Waqf Board has said it does not
agree with today's judgment and will appeal in the Supreme Court against it.

The chairman of the Sri Ram Janmbhoomi Trust, Nritya Gopal Das, too said they would challenge the
decision to provide one-third of the disputed land to the Sunni Waqf Board in the Supreme Court. The
dispute before the court was whether the 2.7 acres of disputed land on which the Babri Masjid stood before it
was demolished on December 6, 1992, belongs to the Sunni Central Waqf Board or to the Akhil Bharat
Hindu Mahasabha. It has been a protracted legal battle, and people across the country have spoken in one
voice on the need to maintain peace and harmony.

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