LIST OF TABLES

Table 1 Attacks against underway vessels registered in the Southeast

Asia since the beginning of 2017 23

Table 2 PNP MG Notable Achievements with Response to RA 8550 40

Table 3 PNP MG Notable Achievements with Response to PD 7050 40

Table 4 PNP MG Notable Achievements with Response to RA 9175 40

Table 5 PNP MG Water Assets as of October 2016 41

Table 6 PNP MG Personnel Strength as of October 2016 41

Table 7 Philippine Coastal Data 42

7
 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1 Boats donated by the US government – Dauntless 27

Figure 2 Outboard Profile of the Patrol Boat from Willard 28

Figure 3 The Target Areas for Proposed Police Patrol

Boat in the Philippines 43

Figure 4 Prototype Patrol Boat Hull Design 44

8
LIST OF APPENDICES

9
 ABBREVIATIONS

ABS American Bureau of Shipping

AP After Perpendicular

BL Baseline

BM Transverse Metacenter

CAD Computer Aided Design Software

𝐶𝑏 Block Coefficient

𝐶𝑑 Deadweight Coefficient

DWT Deadweight

FC Fuel Consumption

FP Forward Perpendicular

GA General Arrangement

GM Metacentric Height

GRT/GT Gross Tonnage

KB Center of Buoyancy

KG Center of Gravity

10
LBP Length between Perpendiculars

LOA Length Overall

LWT Lightship Weight

MARINA Maritime Industry Authority

NT Net Tonnage

PCG Philippine Coast Guard

PMMRR Philippine Merchant Marine Rules and

Regulations

PN Philippine Navy

PNP-MG Philippine National Police Maritime Group

SM Section Modulus

WL Waterline

11
ABSTRACT

12
 Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background

The Philippine has already faced enough humiliation and bullying from illegal

fisherman and poachers of other countries who happily enter and leave our waters to suck

out our resources. The problem on terrorism from the southern part of the Philippines

cannot be suppressed easily because they can get reinforcements from neighboring

countries through illegal entry on unprotected channels. The same goes for kidnapping

and human trafficking that could easily be shipped with just motorboats. They can easily

do so without worrying because they know that the Philippines lack the maritime force to

implement its maritime laws.

The purpose of this study is to design a new concept of patrol boats for the

Philippine Maritime Group. Along with the Philippine Coast Guard (PCG) and Philippine

Navy (PN), this group performs all police functions and ensures public safety and internal

security over Philippine territorial waters, lakes and rivers along coastal areas to include

ports and harbors, and small islands for the security and the sustainable development of

maritime in the Philippines. With the island composition of the Philippines, the country

need fast, reliable and efficient patrol boats for the PNP-MG to perform excellently.

The design would be bigger than the usual gunboat to carry more equipment and

troops. The addition of an extra deck to provide more space for the equipment and

armaments is one of its main features. The hull would be of semi-planning type and is

constructed with steel materials to strengthen the vessel. With more capacity, it can carry

13
fast boats that can be easily deployed on operations and more fuel to cover vast areas in

patrolling of the country.

These patrol boats would be position on strategic places such as Palawan and

Mindanao where illegal fishing, terrorism and human trafficking is rampant. It can be

used during hot pursuit operations where speed is necessary. With its bigger size, it

would appear more intimidating than the usual gunboats of PNP-MG, more capable of

suppressing enemies, and can perform more tasks.

Since Philippine maritime fleet is limited, these boats are not limited for police

operations; they can also provide assistance during natural disasters such as relief

operations and humanitarian purposes, search and rescue, and can respond quickly to ship

collisions and tragedies.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

Terrorism, human trafficking, kidnapping, illegal fishing, smuggling and other

illegal activities from the different part of the Philippine territorial waters become the

reasons why our government establish authorities to suppress these criminals. With the

evolution of technologies, these culprits were also able to develop their equipment which

they got from neighboring countries through illegal entry on our unsafeguarded channels.

In parallel, PNP Maritime Group’s means of transportation has not been efficient

enough for the PNP-MG to be functional for their duties and responsibilities on seas

which convey more criminals to pursue more illegal maritime procedures not just on

14
main land. The design, condition and number of patrol vessels would have been a great

factor for these crimes to still happen up until today.

In line with this occurrence and in order to meet and comprehend the chief

purpose of this study, the researchers would like to respond to the following research

questions:

a) Is this new marine police mobile more operative and effective for the PNP

Maritime procedures?

b) Will this study suffice the budget of the PNP Maritime Group?

c) Are the equipment and interoperability of the disparate logistic of the designed

patrol boat efficient for their maritime operations?

1.2.1 Specific Objective/s

The researchers will desire to prove imperative deeds to accomplish the focal

objective of this study. These comprise the following:

a) To help improve the success rate of every seaborne operation such as counter-

terrorism, anti-human trafficking, anti-smuggling, illegal drug trade, illegal

poaching and special reconnaissance.

b) To increase the PNP MG’s efficiency of maintaining high security on

territorial waters.

c) To strengthen the PNP MG’s dominance and naval powers.

15
 d) To improve the operation and aspects of the boat’s design to provide

efficiency and reliability during police operations and other relevant tasks.

1.3 Significance of the Study

The outcome of this study will help benefit the succeeding stakeholders:

Maritime Policemen. This study intends to increase the moral of every Philippine

Maritime Policemen which would help them to be much functional in their duties as to

ensure public safety and internal security over Philippine territorial waters and rivers

including ports of entry and exit; and sustain the protection of the maritime environment.

They will also be able to perform their sense of duty as they will arrive quickly on the

crime incidents at seas.

PNP-MG. This study will enable to encourage this unit of the PNP to recruit more

marine policemen because of this fully equipped armaments and faster new marine police

mobile. This research will also be a great opportunity to invest to innovate the country’s

old and left behind technologies at seas.

Filipinos and Tourists. This study will secure safety to the Filipinos and tourist

upon voyaging on the Philippine territorial waters. In addition, this will also help attract

more tourists to visit in this country because of more policemen and advance police

vessels available for their safety.

16
1.4 Scope and Limitations

The researchers would like to elucidate one by one the range of limits in this

study and this would consist the following:

a) The study aims only to design more efficient and much faster Philippine police

mobile. Thus, the study does not focus on the unnecessary data engage in the

problems of the Philippine National Police Maritime Group from past till present.

b) The study does not include the classification and specification of the

armaments to be used by the PNP-MG onboard. This study focuses only to the

arrangement of the possible armaments to be used by this authority.

c) This study is limited only to the PNP-MG and does not include the PN and

PCG authorities.

d) Due to time constraints, the study will only allow a rough cost estimation of the

vessel’s hull, structures, fuel consumption and machineries and the armaments to

be used.

With these being thought, this study may be continued by our future concerned

young advocates in order to achieve the optimum purpose or objective of this study in

helping the Philippine National Police Maritime Group and as well as this country’s

government.

17
1.5 Definition of Terms

Anti-Human Trafficking - To prevent the trade of humans, most commonly for the

purpose of forced labor, sexual slavery, or commercial sexual exploitation for the

trafficker or others.

Anti-Smuggling - To prevent of importing or exporting goods secretly, in violation of the

law , especially without payment of legal duty.

Armaments – The arms and equipment with which a military unit or military apparatus is

supplied.

Counter-Terrorism - Incorporates the practice of military tactics, techniques, and strategy

that government, military, law enforcement, business, and intelligence agencies use to

combat or prevent terrorism.

Humanitarian Purposes - Pertaining to save the human live s or to help to improve the

welfare and happiness of the people.

Illegal Poaching - An individual who may participate in illegal fishing, hunting or

logging.

Logistics - In military science, all the activities of armed-force units in roles supporting

combat units, including transport, supply, signal communication, medical aid, and the

like.

Philippine National Police Maritime Group (PNP-MG) - Is one of the twelve (12)

National Operational Support Unit (NOSU) of the Philippine National Police mandated

to perform all police functions over Philippine territorial waters, lakes, and rivers along

18
coastal areas to include ports and harbors and small islands for the security and the

sustainable development of the maritime environment in the Philippines.

Philippine Coastguard (PCG) - Is an armed and uniformed service tasked primarily with

enforcing laws within Philippine waters, conducting maritime security operations,

safeguarding life and property at sea, and protecting marine environment and resources;

similar to coast guards around the world.

Police Boat – A boat having a high performance engines in order to catch up with fleeing

fugitives on the water.

Tonnage - A measure of the cargo-carrying capacity of a ship, it specifically refers to a

calculation of the volume or cargo volume of a ship or actual weight of the ship.

Special Reconnaissance - Is conducted by small units of highly trained military

personnel, usually from special forces units or military intelligence organizations, who

operate behind enemy lines, avoiding direct combat and detection by the enemy.

19
 Chapter 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1 Introduction

This section contains reports, ideas and overview of designated topics. Those that

were comprised in this chapter help in familiarizing information that is pertinent and

comparable to the current study. The sources are more on the problems and challenges

faced by the PNP MG and why it is desired to upgrade its fleet.

Philippines is a country surrounded by bodies of water, and these waters serve as

roads within the entire archipelago. Threats are barely seen on the road like robbery,

hostage crisis or even simple bullying. It is likely the exact thing happening within our

territorial waters. This is where the maritime security forces should come in to implement

public safety. With the current news and articles which are read today, Filipinos are

certainly aware that the Philippines has faced many issues regarding its security, whether

on land or by sea.

2.2 Philippine Maritime’s Current Situation

Maritime security crashes down (Manila Standard, March 30, 2017)

A maritime security has said that maritime security in the country is crashing

down, citing some loopholes in the security plan being implemented by the government.

National Maritime Safety and Security Agency director general, Capt. Jesser Cordova

made the assessment following the abduction of a captain and chief engineer of the

passenger carrier Super Shuttle Roro 9 who were snatched in the vicinity of General

20
Santos City by alleged Abu Sayyaf bandits. This could have been prevented if there was a

maritime security plan in vessels and in ports, which according to him had been deserted

and neglected.

“This is a clear implication that crimes does not happen only in the streets. Piracy

and terror attack is happening in the waters of the country since we are an archipelago,

and we are also talking about lives here,” said Cordova. He added that it is quite clear

that the main focus of the administration is fighting land-based crimes, especially on the

war on illegal drugs and is less focused on maritime security that must also be acted upon

by the government immediately.

“Maritime security is indeed being neglected, as international criminals such as

drugs smugglers, terrorists etc. utilize most of our maritime ports, vessels and the

sprawling waters of the country in diffusion of their crimes. 90 percent of the trade, legal

or illegal, is carried by ships and happens at ports. Does the government has a blind spot

on these?” asked Cordova. He added that a continuous and sustainable effort on the strict

implementation of the International Ship and Port Facility Security code and the high

awareness among ports and personnel nowadays as well as in the coming years will

assure safe and secured port facility and travel.

“If there is no implementation of Maritime security, how do we control the access

of illegal contraband, threat, terrorist attack that can happen anytime?” Cordova said.

Kidnapping risk on the southern part of the country (French, Erik, April 9, 2016)

On March 26, 2016, gunmen boarded two Indonesian vessels off the coast of the

Philippines and took ten sailors hostage. Shortly afterwards, on April 1st, armed men

21
seized a Malaysian cargo ship and detained four crewmen in Philippine waters. Analysts

suspect ASG may be linked to this latest incident as well.

The vast majority of ASG’s kidnappings take place in the Sulu Archipelago,

particularly Tawi-Tawi, Sulu, Basilan, Zamboanga City, and Zamboanga Sibugay. More

recently, ASG has even conducted raids along the Malaysian coast in Semporna (2013),

Lahud Datu (2014), and Sandakan (2015).

This mounting risk of kidnapping will only further dampen Mindanao’s economic

prospects. The Malaysian government is already considering whether to halt seaborne

trade with the Southern Philippines in response to the latest incidents. Perhaps even more

significantly, the growing dangers posed by groups like ASG will undermine the

government’s attempts to strengthen the fledgling tourism industry and attract new

investment in its southern provinces.

Defeating piracy on the southern waters (Costanzi Report, 2017)

The International Maritime Bureau said that the number of kidnappings at sea hit

a 10-year high in 2016, with waters off the southern Philippines becoming increasingly

dangerous. Pirates were focusing more of their attacks on larger merchant ships near the

Philippines, hoping for bigger ransom payments from kidnapping their crew..

The Sulu and the Celebes Sea, between Borneo and the Philippines, have been

theater of frequent maritime attacks in recent months. Fishing boats, sailing boats and

commercial vessels have been heavily targeted, allegedly by Abu Sayyaf militants. Crew

members and sailors are kidnapped for ransom. Recently, a German sailor abducted on

November 6 and a Vietnamese fisherman abducted and was executed. As a consequence,

22
according to a Reuters article, shipping companies began taking detours to avoid the area.

For instance, vessels transporting iron ore from Australia to northern Asia are choosing to

sail east of the Philippines, through the Pacific Ocean.

Southeast Asia Major Minor Attempted * All Incidents

January 2 0 2 4
February 1 0 1 2
March 1 0 1 2
April 0 0 0 0
May 0 0 0 0
June 0 0 0 0
July 0 0 0 0
August 0 0 0 0
September 0 0 0 0
October 0 0 0 0
November 0 0 0 0
December 0 0 0 0
* Including foiled attacks and suspicious approaches

Table 1. Attacks against underway vessels registered in the Southeast Asia since the

beginning of 2017

Illegal drug trade (Datu, Randy V., July 12, 2016)

With the current administration’s war on drugs implementing an iron hand. Drug

syndicates had the idea of revolutionizing their operations extending their shabu factories

to the sea

Police say the Chinese crew manufactured shabu at sea, and then dumped drug

parcels in pick-up points for contacts in Cagayan, Pangasinan, and Zambales. Authorities

seized a suspected floating shabu laboratory off Subic Bay on July 11, 2016 and arrested

all 4 of its Chinese crew.

23
 During their inspection of the supposed fishing vessel, members of the Philippine

National Police Anti-Illegal Drugs Group discovered shabu manufacturing equipment

said to be capable of producing 25 kilos a day, and nearly half a kilo of suspected shabu

with a market value of P2.2 million. Authorities believed that the recovered shabu was

just a tiny part of the freshly-produced batch that had been picked up by local contacts in

Cagayan, Pangasinan, and Subic while the boat was in the open seas.

Dela Rosa said in an interview that the boat was being used to bring illegal drugs

into the Philippines.

“In two days, they can manufacture shabu, which would be dumped into the sea,

then picked up by Filipino fishermen in the areas from Ilocos to Cagayan, and Ilocos to

Pangasinan, and then here in Subic. This is why you need very good intel”

It was second time that the shabu floating laboratory was reportedly sighted in the

Philippines, after 2013.

Poaching from foreign countries (ABS-CBN News, August 17, 2014)

On October 21, 2013, 13 Vietnamese fishermen were arrested for poaching and

illegal entry. Upon inspection of their cargo hold, Maritime Group personnel discovered

an undetermined number of Sea turtles, mostly slaughtered for meat and frozen in the

onboard refrigerators. The Vietnamese poachers were detained and later charged in court

for violations of Philippine Fisheries Law

On March 26, 2014, a Vietnamese vessel marked KH-96365-TS was intercepted

by PNP Maritime Group operatives for poaching off the waters of Taytay, Palawan. The

24
maritime police operatives discovered about 50 assorted dead sharks, including great

white sharks, bull sharks and hammerhead sharks, all believed to be caught in Philippine

waters. They were charged in court for violations of Philippine Fisheries Law

On May 6, 2014, a PNP Maritime Group patrol intercepted a Chinese fishing

vessel loaded with about 500 live and dead sea turtles, of assorted species, off the coast of

Western Palawan. Nine (9) Chinese fishermen were arrested and later charged for

violations of Fishery and Wildlife laws of the Philippines. A total of 555 Sea turtles were

recovered based on the inventory of the PNP Maritime Group. Of these total, 177 were

alive and were released immediately back to wild. The maritime police investigators also

discovered that 207 sea turtles were slaughtered and stuffed by the Chinese fishermen.

2.3 PNP MG’s Fleet

Slow PH boats (Inquirer, August 17, 2017)

Philippine maritime police caught not only one but two illegal fishing vessels off

the coast of Palawan and would have captured even more if authorities had speedier

boats, Philippine National Police (PNP) officials said on an interview Chief

Superintendent Noel Vargas, PNP Maritime Group chief, said the "slow" patrol ships

only managed to seize boats that could not flee with other boats conducting illegal fishing

activities near Hasa-hasa Shoal, due to mechanical trouble.

"We are not capable of chasing after the boats. Our boat is too slow," Vargas said

in Filipino in a press briefing at the PNP National Headquarters in Camp Crame, Quezon

City. Special Boat Units (SBU) personnel were able to seize only two vessels in Palawan

25
on Tuesday – not knowing one of them was a foreign boat, much less of Chinese origin.

The foreign vessel's "timon" or steering wheel, as luck would have it, was damaged and

prevented its escape, the official said.

The smaller local boat was earlier monitored transferring endangered species – at

least 200 live turtles and 250 dead turtles – to the bigger foreign vessel. It too had some

problems and could not flee authorities.

Equipment lacking

The incident exposed the shortcomings of the PNP Maritime Group, something

Purisima himself acknowledged.

"If the boats did not break down, the Maritime Group would not able to catch

them," he said. But Purisima said the PNP is already in the process of procuring

equipment to patrol the Philippines' long coastline, in line with the PNP's modernization

program. In the meantime, he said, "We work with what we have, we patrol the area, we

enforce the law."

Purisima did not give details on the current number of PNP maritime boats or how

much more it is planning to acquire, but acknowledged the urgency of getting better

equipment. "We are a maritime country, we need to improve our maritime capability," he

said.

Motor banca as patrol boats (Sunstar News, November 09, 2016)

Prior to the acquisition of the patrol boat, and due to the lack of funds and

equipment, the Maritime Police did not have floating assets; they had to rent motor boats

26
when called to conduct seaborne operations. The 35-foot, 16-horsepower twin-engine

motor banca was built from hardwood donated by the Provincial Environment and

Natural Resources Office (Penro), and from materials contributed by the advisory council

and other partner individuals and agencies, The patrol boat’s keel is made of lauan while

its body and other parts made of narra and molave,

2.4 Recent Advancements and Actions

PNP unit gets patrol boats (Inquirer, July 11, 2016)

Figure 1. Boats donated by the US government – Dauntless (Inquirer, 2016)

The United States turned over four patrol boats to the Philippine National Police-

Maritime Group (PNP-MG) based in this city in Palawan province to help in border

patrols amid tension in the West Philippine Sea over Chinese territorial claims. (Anda,

2010)

Four units of the 48-foorter boats which are equipped with high performance

diesel engines capable of powering the vessel to a maximum speed of 50 knots ideal for

patrolling the high seas, known as Dauntless, had been turned over to a unit of the PNP-

27
MG, the Special Boat Operations Unit (SBOU) based in Honda Bay in Puerto Princesa

City, Palawan, during a ceremony led by Michael Klecheski, US Embassy deputy chief

of mission.

Willard to Supply Patrol Boats for the Philippines (Haun, E., September 3, 2015)

Figure 2. Outboard Profile of the Patrol Boat from Willard (SeaNews, 2015)

The U.S. Department of State awarded a contract to boat builder Willard Marine,

Inc., to provide the Philippine National Police Maritime Group with patrol vessels

equipped to conduct search and rescue operations along Philippine maritime borders.

The new contract will see Willard Marine provide the Philippine National Police

Maritime Group with aluminum, 30-foot patrol boats with twin 480-hp engines and dual

water jets, as well as 34-foot patrol boats with 600-hp engines and dual water jets. To

increase crew comfort and safety, the cabins will feature shock- mitigating seats, heating

and air conditioning. Gun posts will be positioned forward and aft, and the boats will

display a 40oz. Polyurethane foam collar.

The customized patrol craft for the Philippines is derived from a former SeaArk

Marine boat design that Willard Marine acquired the licensing rights to last year.

28
FFA welcomes bigger faster Pacific patrol boats (Radio New Zealand, June 1, 2017)

The Forum Fisheries Agency has welcomed a move by Australia to provide

Pacific countries with bigger, faster patrol boats.

Two decades ago, Australia gifted 20 patrol boats to Pacific countries which

continue to be on the front line of regional security, monitoring and surveillance of the

Pacific tuna fishery and the first response in times of natural disaster. It was part of the

Pacific Maritime Security Program which would see $US1.5 billion spent in the region

over the next three decades.

According to Mr. Wez Norris, deputy director general of the FFA, "These new

patrol boats will be quite a lot more capable both in terms of their size and therefore their

ability to go to sea in rough weather."

He added, "But also in terms of their communications ability so that they can

benefit to the greatest extent possible from all of this information that we share around

the region."

2.5 Related Studies

The Comparison of the Hydrodynamic Behaviour of Three Fast Patrol Boats with Special

Hull Geometries (Keuning, J.A., 2006)

The Royal Netherlands Navy, Damen Shipyards at Gorinchem (NL), the Royal

Schelde Group at Vlissingen (NL) and the United States Coast Guard from Baltimore

(USA) the Shiphydromechanics Department of the Delft University of Technology and

MARIN at Wageningen carried out an extensive research program on three conceptual

29
designs of a 55 meter long monohull Patrol Boat. The boat should be capable of

achieving 50 knots and in particular so in waves. The aim of the project was to

investigate the feasibility of the designs in achieving a very high “all year round”

operability under typical North Sea conditions. The conceptual designs made for this

Patrol Boat were designed according to: The Enlarged Ship Concept (ESC), AXE Bow

Concept (ABC) and Wave Piercer Concept (WPC).

The project consisted of a series of full scale measurements on board an existing

Fast Patrol Boat of the UK Customs and a large series of towing tank measurements.

These full scale tests were carried out in the winter period near the Scottish west coast

and aimed at establishing operability criteria for the safe operation of fast ships in a

seaway. Subsequently, the three designs were tested for their calm water resistance and

their behavior in head seas and following waves in the Delft towing tank. Particular

attention in these tests has been paid at stern quartering seas. These tests were specifically

carried out to compare the designs on their possible sensitivity towards broaching and

capsizing.

The research paper concludes the following: (1) AXE Bow Concept has better

performance in head when compared with the others, (2) In following and stern

quartering seas, the behavior of the ABC and the ESC do not differ significantly, (3)

Criteria for fast ships should be based on extremes and not on averages (significant

values), (4) The differences in operability become in particular evident when the proper

criteria for the assessment of the safe and comfortable operation of fast craft in waves are

used, (5) The Wave Piercer Concept (WPC) suffers from serious deck wetness and green

water in head waves and a tendency to bow diving in following waves, (6) It should be

30
noted that the Enlarged Ship Concept (ESC), which has been used as the Base boat or

bench mark design in the present study, already yields a 40-50 % increase in operability

when compared with “normal” designs, and (7) With the design along the ABC a 100%

all year operability should be possible at the North Sea with a speed ranging from 35 to

50 knots.

Maritime Terrorism and the Small Boat Attack Threat to the United States: A Proposed

Response (Hill, B., 2009)

This thesis examines the history and current trends of international maritime

terrorism to show that terrorists may soon determine that small boat attacks may be the

most cost-effective and successful terrorism strategy. This review determined that

increasingly successful worldwide piracy attacks and the effective use of detection

evading drug vessels, may increase the risk of a terrorist attack in United States’ waters.

These reviews and lessons learned from other nations’ successful responses to the

maritime threat, in coordination with the goals outlined in the DHS Small Vessel Security

Strategy, led to this author’s recommendations that (1) the local U.S. maritime

community members must be better encouraged by Coast Guard members to become

involved in observing and reporting suspicious activities; (2) the Coast Guard and other

local law enforcement agencies must investigate and prioritize those areas that might be

used as a staging area for a small boat attack and increase their presence activities in

those locations; (3) the use of up-to-date technology must be a part of any small boat

terrorist deterrence plan; and (4) the U.S. must be prepared with a plan to respond to a

successful small boat attack, including possible increased regulations and restrictions on

the maritime community.

31
Sea Piracy in Southeast Asia: Implications for Countering Maritime Terrorism in the

United States (Geragotelis, J.M.L., 2006)

Sea piracy has infested the seven seas throughout history. In modern times, the

United States has paid little attention to piracy because the nation’s isolated vastness has

protected the shipping industry from maritime crime. But the events of 9/11 have

changed the lens through which America views security. This thesis investigates modern

day piracy and links between piracy and terrorism in order to determine implications for

U.S. maritime security strategy. Specifically, the maritime environment in Southeast Asia

and associated maritime security policies are researched because over the past 12 years,

nearly fifty percent of the world’s sea piracy has occurred in that region. The U.S.

maritime security strategy is also evaluated so that informed policy recommendations can

be formulated.

Enhancement of Maritime Safety In The Philippines (Badajos Joseph, 1999)

This dissertation is an analysis of the Maritime Safety Improvement Projects in

the Philippines specifically the country’s aids to navigation (ATON) system as a pillar in

the enhancement of safety of the shipping industry. Their levels of implementation,

component mix and overall effect in the enhancement of maritime safety we’re carefully

scrutinized, leading to a careful study of their viability and appropriateness.

The background of the projects was carefully studied to determine if the

justification presented was viable or not. One overriding factor that was identified was

the limiting cost of the project. The analysis presented is that the continuous operation

and maintenance of the country’s ATON system hinges on the capability of the

government to subsidize the activity from its own coffers. However, since maritime

32
transport is a shared activity between the governments, the public and private sectors,

there is an identified imbalance on the provision of the services necessary to protect this

shared interest. The shipping industry and, consequently, the public must therefore be

made to account for some of the costs involved in the protection of their interests in the

activity.

High Speed Patrol Ships for Philippine Coastal Defense, Search and Rescue (Albarando,

Dela Cruz, Saturre, 2017)

Due to the long stretch of coastline and the busy sea between the islands, the

country is vulnerable to illicit activities, and threats can occur anytime. Illegal activities

such as piracy, drug trades, human trafficking, smuggling, illegal fishing, and offshore

accidents may happen anytime anywhere at sea. Making a way to respond to these events

both quickly and effectively is the ultimate goal of this study. Patrol boats give a huge

impact in the Philippines’ safety for the protection of the country, its people and the

natural resources, in which the government should take into consideration. Furthermore,

increased security and effective law enforcement at sea can protect the assets of trading

businesses which could potentially have a positive impact on the country’s economy by

increasing the trust of business sectors and their partners.

In line with this, the study aims to provide a design for high speed patrol boats for

coastal defense, search and rescue. In order to make it possible, the researchers gathered

primary data through interviews and the secondary data through recognized and

published reference books. As a result, it is best to use past data of used and retired patrol

boats of the country, use the data of its effectivity in terms of manpower capacity, speed,

33
and rescuing capability, in order to come up with the design of high speed patrol boats

that would meet the desired specifications of the study.

34
 Chapter 3

METHODOLOGY

3.1 Research Framework

Data Gathering

Analysis of Data

Proposed Possible
Solution

Theoretical Calculation Model Design Software Design

Design Output

Cost Analysis

Results

35
3.2 Data Collection

Data collection in this study was held during schooldays in which the researchers,

adviser and the authority are available. The researchers collected the primary data from

PNP MG station 7 that handled the police naval operations in Region 7 and in Cebu.

Data to be gathered are done through generalizability which applies to whole of

the PNP MG from an interview. Data includes the specific operations and standard

operating procedures conducted by the PNP MG, their current state which emphasizes the

lack and needs of their agency to perform their specific function, and any other important

matters which are essential to the course of this study. These will serve as evidence for

the purpose and importance of this study. These data will also provide basis for the

requirements of the proposed design of this research.

3.2.1 Philippine National Police Maritime Group Interview

Series of questions were prepared beforehand for the PNP MG. These questions

include the mission protocols, standard operating procedures, current available

information for the boats in-used by the PNP MG and other information that may deem

useful. Shown below are the questions being answered are as follows:

Question 1: What are the crimes you commonly respond to?

A: “Here in Cebu most probably dynamite fishing.”

Question 2: How are you able to conduct operations or maybe could you elaborate

your contingency plan?

36
A: “In our operation, we had what we call SPP or Seaborne Patrol Plan, this plan will run

for 1 week for 1 location all throughout the province. Prior conducting a seaborne

operation, we had to submit the SPP to the regional office where it indicates the

location.”

Question 3: How many times would you conduct a seaborne operation? Or are there any

requirements?

A: “We have a compliance of 8 seaborne operations per month but it is much better if we

could conduct more.”

Question 4: How many boats do you have right now?

A: “Currently we have 2 fast boats per regional office but we have gunboats stationed at

our Special Operations Unit at Palawan and Tawi-Tawi but we will try to procure more

floating assets.”

Question 5: How much is the capacity of your fast boats?

A: “Those boats can only accommodate 12 persons.”

Questions 6: Do you intend to stay longer at sea to patrol an area?

A: “Actually that’s what we wanted, but the design of our fast boats is not capable of

sustaining at high seas.”

Question 7: What is like to be on board on a fast boat or a gunboat? Could you tell us

more about it?

37
A: “Based on my experience as a boat officer, these boats are fast, the problem is it also

burns more fuel, it has 150 hp gasoline engine, second the specs of these engines are

more on electronics which is very sensitive requiring a higher repair cost.”

Question 8: What are the armaments that these fast boats can carry?

A: “We only carry guns with us such as the M-16 but in some places like Tawi-Tawi and

Zamboanga, they installed high powered guns that have a stand.”

Question 9: How can you neutralize the enemies?

A: “We disable their engines or sink their boat, we cannot just continue chasing them

endlessly that is why we shoot at their engines hoping that they will jump out and that’s

where we pick them.”

Question 10: What are these boats you are trying to deal with?

A: “These are motor bancas or pump boats, but we don’t tolerate these boats because

most of these have 2 engines or even 3, and can even run over 20 knots.”

Question 11: Regarding the manpower, can you think of a reason why you don’t have

enough manpower?

A:”Actually our recruitment is going on but maybe one of the reason we lack manpower

because sometimes, when we recruit, they will not last, they don’t have satisfaction or

maybe they’ll get bored and will just transfer to other agencies, then every year some will

have their retirement, others are dismissed due to cases. And our recruitment is not fast

enough depending on the budget.”

38
Question 12: Do you think improving your logistics will increase the number of

personnel?

A: “Both logistics and personnel must go with each other; if we improve the logistics we

must also increase manpower. If we have that, both logistics and personnel we are more

effective. If we have enough personnel but we lack logistics nothing will change.”

Question 13: If you were to decide the capabilities of your patrol boats, what would it be?

A: “There should be a mother boat that could be stationed on high seas, for the

personnel’s comfort. Aside from the mother boat, we should have small boats that can

penetrate shallow waters and this would be positioned strategically to places. That would

be very effective.”

The person-in-charge who answered the question was Police Chief Inspector Jose

B. Los Baños. He was the acting Chief during the time of interview with the given

credibility to answer the questions while the Assistant Regional Chief 7 was not around.

3.2.2 Accomplishment Records

In sustaining its effort to protect the people and the environment, this Group had

been conducting aggressive enforcement of environmental laws such as Philippine

Fisheries Code of 1998 (RA 8550), as amended by RA 10654; Wildlife Resources

Conservation and Protection Act (RA 9147); Chainsaw Act of 2002; and Forestry Code

of the Philippines (PD 705).

39
 Philippine Fisheries Code of 1998
(RA 8550)
No. of Operations Conducted 414
No. of Arrested Persons 1893
No. of Cases Filed in Court 219
Quantity of Seized Evidence 6913 kilos of assorted fish catch
4pcs of Manta Rays
Estimated Amount of Seized Evidence Php 504,000
Administrative Fines Collected Php 968,393
Table 2. PNP MG Notable Achievements with Response to RA 8550 (PNP-MG, 2013)

Forestry Reform Code of the Philippines (PD 7050)

No. of Operations Conducted 28
No. of Arrested Persons 23
No. of Cases Filed in Court 3 cases filed and turned over to DENR
150 pcs. of lumber with more or less 3374
bdft.
470 pcs. of illegally cut logs of assorted
lumbers with more or less 94.25 cubic
Quantity of Seized Evidence meters.
9917 bdft assorted lumbers.
569 pcs. of round logs
19 sacks of wood charcoal
250 pcs of square lumber in assorted sizes .
Estimated Amount of Seized Evidence Php 2,068,814.10
Table 3. PNP MG Notable Achievements with Response to PD 7050 (PNP-MG, 2013)

Chainsaw Act of 2002 (RA 9175)

No. of Operations Conducted 11
No. of Arrested Persons 22
No. of Cases Filed In Court Turned Over to DENR
Quantity of Seized Evidence 14 units of chainsaw
Estimated Amount of Seized Evidence Php 370,000
Table 4. PNP MG Notable Achievements with Response to RA 9175 (PNP-MG, 2013)

For the data shown above, the PNP MG has already seized a total amount of Php

2,439,782.493 in the year 2013.

40

Type of Watercraft
Dauntless Boat
Police Gun Boat (PGB)
Police Fast Boat (PFB)
Police Patrol Boat (PPB)
Police Speed Boat (PSB)
Police Coastal Craft (PCC)
Police Rubber Boat (PRB)
Total
Table 5. PNP MG Water Assets as of October 2016 (PNP-MG, 2016)
Not Ready For Sea
Ready for Sea (RFS)
(NRFS)
4 -
3 (Limited For Sea) 3
21 4
1 2
2 0
2 11
9 0
41 20

Police Police Non-

Non-Uniformed Grand
Office/ Unit Commission Commission
Personnel (NUP) Total
Officer (PCO) Officer (PNCO)
Headquarters
Maritime Group 26 117 16 159
(HMG)
Maritime
Maintenance &
1 12 3 16
Repair Units
(MMRU)
Sea Marshal Unit
2 24 0 26
(SMU)
MG Special
Waterborne
0 7 0 7
Operations School
(MGSWOS)
Regional
Maritime Units 76 879 1 956
(RMU)
1st Special
Operations Unit 7 118 0 125
MG (SOU-MG)
2nd Special
Operations Unit 7 101 0 108
MG (SOU-MG)
MG Personnel
Holding and
2 309 0 311
Accounting Unit
(MGPHAU)
Total 121 1567 20 1708
Table 6. PNP MG Personnel Strength as of October 2016 (PNP-MG, 2016)

41
 PHILIPPINE COASTAL DATA
Number of Islands 7,107
Total Land Area 300,00 km2
Coastline 36,289 km
Territorial Sea (up to 12 nautical miles) 679,800 km2
Territorial Waters, inc EEZ 2.2 million km2
Coastal Waters 226,000 km2
Oceanic Waters 1.93 million km2
Coastal Provinces 64 (out of 79)
Coastal Municipalities 822 (out of 1,502)
Total Coastal Population 64.7 million
Table 7. Philippine Coastal Data (Census.gov.ph, 2000)

3.3 Data Analysis

.Data analysis involves aiming to uncover and / or understand the big picture for

the Philippine National Police Maritime Group in conducting its operation on Philippine

waters. Both qualitative and quantitative data involves labeling and coding in order that

similarities and differences can be recognized. All of it will be entered into a computer in

order for it to be coded, counted and analyzed. Content analysis will follow and output is

expected to balance or exceed the standards and specifications from the data gathered.

3.4 Proposed Possible Solution

Coming up with a solution would be based from the data gathered and analysis.

This is to ensure that the researchers will arrive at the best possible solution in helping the

Philippines strengthen its maritime security. In line with the field of study as naval

architects and marine engineers, the researchers had prepared possible design of new

patrol boats that can patrol on high seas while maintaining personnel’s comfort. Plans and

42
design parameters of the patrol boat will be provided with the aid of computer soft wares

to ensure accuracy on the smallest possible detail.

3.4.1 Target Areas

Figure 3. The Target Areas for Proposed Police Patrol Boat in the Philippines

The proposed police patrol boat will be allocated in Sulu Sea, South China Sea,

Bohol Sea and Sibuyan Sea where Romblon Triangle can be found and Seas along the

coastline of Luzon Island. The police patrol boat will also be dispersed all along the

Philippine territorial waters but will focus on the said seas.

43
3.5 Model Design

The design will be done with the aid of Computer Aided Design Software (CAD)

such as Rhino Software and AutoCAD. Empirical and theoretical formulas are to be used

upon the calculations of the proposed design’s scantlings, capacity, efficiency and hull

supports and members. Hull members and equipment are to be designed in accordance to

ABS Class Society. Cost analysis will be barely rough estimation practically close to the

market’s value.

Figure 4. Prototype Patrol Boat Hull Design

44