1. who is the 10th president of the Philippines?

Ferdinand Emmanuel Edralin Marcos Sr. (September 11, 1917 – September 28, 1989) was a Filipino politician
and kleptocrat who was the tenth President of the Philippines from 1965 to 1986.[8] A leading member of the
right-wing New Society Movement, he ruled as a dictator[2][9][10][11] under martial law from 1972 until 1981.]
His regime was infamous for its corruptionextravagance] and brutality
Marcos claimed an active part in World War II, including fighting alongside the Americans in the Bataan Death
March and being the "most decorated war hero in the Philippines". A number of his claims were found to be
falseand the United States Army documents described Marcos' wartime claims as "fraudulent" and "absurd".
Marcos started as an attorney, then served in the Philippine House of Representatives from 1949 to 1959 and
the Philippine Senate from 1959 to 1965. He was elected President in 1965, and presided over a growing
economy during the beginning and intermediate portion of his 20-year rule,[but ended in loss of livelihood,
extreme poverty, and a crushing debt crisis.] Marcos placed the Philippines under martial law on September 23,
1972,[34][35][36] during which he revamped the constitution, silenced the media,[37] and used violence and
oppression[22] against the political opposition,Muslims, communist rebels,[39] and ordinary citizens.[40]
Martial law was ratified by 90.77% of the voters during the 1973 Philippine Martial Law referendum though the
referendum was marred with controversy.
Public outrage led to the snap elections of 1986. Allegations of mass cheating, political turmoil, and human
rights abuses led to the People Power Revolution in February 1986, which removed him from power.[43] To
avoid what could have been a military confrontation in Manila between pro- and anti-Marcos troops, Marcos
was advised by US President Ronald Reagan through Senator Paul Laxalt to "cut and cut cleanly",[44] after which
Marcos fled to Hawaii.[45] Marcos was succeeded by Corazon "Cory" Aquino, widow of the assassinated
opposition leader Senator Benigno "Ninoy" Aquino Jr. who had flown back to the Philippines to face Marcos.
According to source documents provided by the Presidential Commission on Good Government (PCGG), the
Marcos family stole US$5–10 billion.[52] The PCGG also maintained that the Marcos family enjoyed a decadent
lifestyle, taking away billions of dollars[49][51] from the Philippines[53][54] between 1965 and 1986. His wife
Imelda Marcos, whose excesses during the couple's conjugal dictatorship[55][56][57] made her infamous in her
own right, spawned the term "Imeldific".] Two of their children, Imee Marcos and Ferdinand "Bongbong"
Marcos Jr., are still active in Philippine politics.
2. what is the proclamation no.1081?
Proclamation № 1081 was the document which contained formal proclamation of martial law in the
Philippines by President Ferdinand Marcos, as announced to the public on 23 September 1972.
The proclamation marked the beginning of a 14-year period of one-man rule which would effectively last until
Marcos was exiled from the country on February 25, 1986. Even though the formal document proclaiming
Martial Law - Proclamation No. 1081 - was formally lifted on January 17, 1981, Marcos retained essentially all of
his powers as dictator until he was ousted by the EDSA Revolution in February 1986.
3. What is Martial law? Why martial law declared?
Martial law is the imposition of direct military control of normal civilian functions by a government,
especially in response to a temporary emergency such as invasion or major disaster, or in an occupied territory
Martial law can be used by governments to enforce their rule over the public, as seen in multiple countries listed
below. Such incidents may occur after a coup d'état (Thailand in 2006 and 2014, and Egypt in 2013); when
threatened by popular protest (China, Tiananmen Square protests of 1989, 2009's Iranian Green Movement that
led to the takeover by Revolutionary Guards); to suppress political opposition (Poland in 1981); or to stabilize
insurrections or perceived insurrections (Canada, The October Crisis of 1970). Martial law may be declared in
cases of major natural disasters; however, most countries use a different legal construct, such as a state of
emergency.
 President Marcos imposed martial law on the nation from 1972 to 1981 to suppress increasing civil strife and
the threat of a communist takeover following a series of bombings in Manila. ... In this luncheon, the senator
“readily admitted his past ties with the several Communist factions in the Philippines."
4. Who is cojuangco Aquino?
Maria Corazon Cojuangco Aquino was the eleventh and first woman President of the Philippines.
She was born on January 25, 1933 in Manila, the sixth of the eight children of Don Jose Cojuanco Sr.,
lawyer, congressman representing Tarlac, sugar magnate and banker, and Doña Demetria Sumulong, a
pharmacist and member of a politically famous clan from Rizal province.
Her formative years were spent at St. Scholastica’s College and the Assumption Convent in Manila. In 1946
the Cojuanco family left for the United States and she entered Ravenhill Academy in Philadelphia, but later
enrolled at, and graduated from, the Notre Dame Convent School in New York. She continued her studies at
College of Mount St. Vincent also in New York, where she took up French as major and mathematics as minor.
Back in Manila, she enrolled in law at Far Eastern University but her studies were cut short when she married
Benigno “Ninoy” Aquino Jr. on October 11, 1954 at Our Lady of Sorrows Church in Pasay City. They had five
children namely, Maria Elena, Aurora Corazon, Benigno III, Victoria Elisa and Kristina Bernadette.
Her first exposure to the world of Philippine politics began shortly after the birth of their first child, in
November of 1955, when her husband became the mayor of Concepcion, Tarlac. But Ninoy lost his seat after
two years on account of his being nineteen days younger than the age required for the office of mayor at the
time of his election. In the next local election, Ninoy became the youngest vice-governor of Tarlac and after
serving a term as governor of Tarlac, Ninoy ran for the Senate and won. Mrs. Aquino quietly and wholeheartedly
supported all her husband’s aspirations.
After Ninoy’s assassination, Corazon C. Aquino was thrust into the limelight. She returned home from
Boston and became the unofficial leader of the opposition to the Marcos regime. President Ferdinand Marcos
signed Cabinet Bill Number 7 which formally set the presidential poll on February 7, 1986. The next day, Cory
Aquino announced that she would run.
5. What happen on the 22nd to 25th February 1986?
People Power Revolution
The People Power Revolution (also known as the EDSA Revolution, the Philippine Revolution of 1986,
EDSA 1986, EDSA I and EDSA People Power) was a series of popular demonstrations in the Philippines,
mostly in Metro Manila from February 22–25, 1986. There was a sustained campaign of civil resistance
against regime violence and alleged electoral fraud. The nonviolent revolution led to the departure of
Ferdinand Marcos, the end of his 21-year presidential rule, and the restoration of democracy in the
Philippines.[4]
It is also referred to as the Yellow Revolution due to the presence of yellow ribbons during
demonstrations following the assassination of Filipino senator Benigno "Ninoy" Aquino, Jr.[4] in August
1983. It was widely seen as a victory of the people against two decades of presidential rule by
President Marcos, and made news headlines as "the revolution that surprised the world".[5]
The majority of the demonstrations took place on a long stretch of Epifanio de los Santos Avenue,
more commonly known by its acronym EDSA, in Metro Manila from February 22–25, 1986. They
involved over two million Filipino civilians, as well as several political and military groups, and religious
groups led by Cardinal Jaime Sin, the Archbishop of Manila, along with Catholic Bishops' Conference of
the Philippines President Cardinal Ricardo Vidal, the Archbishop of Cebu. The protests, fueled by the
resistance and opposition from years of governance by President Marcos and his cronies, culminated
with the absolute ruler and his family fleeing Malacañang Palace to exile in Hawaii. Ninoy Aquino's
widow, Corazon Aquino, was immediately installed as the eleventh President as a result of the
revolution.