工業技術研究院

Industrial Technology
Research Institute

DVB-T2 technology overview

工業技術研究院 資通所
侯信安
hsinan_hou@itri.org.tw
2010年5月18日
 Agenda
q Introduce to second generation DVB broadcast
standards
v History & evolution
v New features in second generation DVB broadcast standards
q DVB-T2 technology overview
v Commercial requirement
v Key features to physical layer
v Stream distribution method & Aid for network optimization
v Possible applied scenarios
v Comparison and conclusions
q DVB-C2 technology overview
v Commercial requirement
v Key features to physical layer
v Impact on current system
v Possible applied scenarios
v Comparison and conclusions

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 Digital terrestrial television distribution

source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_terrestrial_television

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Worldwide Analog Switch Off timetable
Country System ASO date Country System ASO date
Austria DVB-T 2010 Slovenia DVB-T 2011
Belgium DVB-T 2008 Spain DVB-T 2010
Croatia DVB-T 2011 Sweden DVB-T 2007
Czech Republic DVB-T 2011 Switzerland DVB-T 2008
Denmark DVB-T 2009 UK DVB-T 2012
Estonia DVB-T 2010 Ukraine DVB-T 2014
Finland DVB-T 2007 Canada ATSC 2011
France DVB-T 2011 US ATSC 2009
Germany DVB-T 2008 Brazil SBTVD 2016
Hungary DVB-T 2011 Australia DVB-T 2010-2012
Ireland DVB-T 2012 New Zealand DVB-T 2012
Italy DVB-T 2012 South Africa DVB-T 2011
Lithuania DVB-T 2012 China DMB-T/H 2015
Netherlands DVB-T 2008 Hong Kong DMB-T/H 2012
Norway DVB-T 2009 Japan ISDB-T 2011
Poland DVB-T 2013 Malaysia DVB-T 2015
Portugal DVB-T 2012 Philippines DVB-T 2015
Russia DVB-T 2015 South Korea ATSC 2012
Slovakia DVB-T 2012 Taiwan DVB-T 2010
SBTVB: Sistema Brasileiro de Televisao Digital (English: Brazilian Digital Television
System) is an ISDB-based digital television standard for Brazil

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 Digital dividends in other countries

source: Ofcom, “Digital Dividend Review stakeholder event,” Jan. 14th, 2008

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 The effect of ofcom’s decisions

source: Ofcom, “Digital Dividend Review stakeholder event,” Jan. 14th, 2008

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 Opportunity to link implementation with
DSO in UK

source: ofcom, “The Future of Digital Terrestrial Television-Enabling new services for viewers,” Feb. 19th, 2008

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 T2 Commercial Requirements
qT2 should
vBe able to use existing domestic receive antenna and
existing transmitter infrastructures
Ø Primarily target services to fixed and portable receivers
vProvide a minimum of 30% capacity increase over DVB-T
vProvide for improved SFN performance
vProvide service-specific robustness
vProvide for bandwidth and frequency flexibility
vProvide means to reduce the peak-to-average-power
ratio

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 Coexist of DVB-T and DVB-T2

source: ofcom, “The Future of Digital Terrestrial Television-Enabling new services for viewers,” Feb. 19th, 2008

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 DVB-T2 Overall Schedules and Milestones

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

T2 Study
Mission
TM-T2 ad hoc group

T2 spec T2 lab & field trials

stable

T2 VLSI development

Prototype FPGA
demo at IBC
T2 Receiver development
First
Equipment
Prototype
Test in Turin
chip
HD T2 services
First
Equipment commercial
Test in London receivers

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 DVB-T2 documents

Transmitter Identification for a second generation digital terrestrial

television broadcasting system (DVB-T2) (Processing)

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 DVB-T2 architecture overview
Interface A Interface B Interface C Interface D
“TS” “T2-MI” “DVB-T2” “TS”

Input SS4: SS5:

programme SS3: T2 MPEG
SS1:
signals T2 Demodulator Decoder
Video/
SS2: Modulator
audio
T2-
coders and
Gateway
statistical
multiplexer SS3: SS4: SS5: Decoded
T2 T2 MPEG output
Centralised coding,
multiplexing and Modulator Demodulator Decoder programme
Input distribution signals
programme
signals SS1: …
Video/
audio
Distribution SS4: SS5:
coders and
network T2 MPEG
statistical RF
Demodulator Decoder
multiplexer channel
Optional multiple
coding & multiplexing T2 receiver

TR 102 773 EN 302 755

TR 102 831

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 DVB-T2 frame structure
TSF

Super Frame Super Frame Super Frame

TF

T2-frame T2-frame T2-frame T2-frame

FEF FEF
0 1 2 NT2-1

TP1 TS TS

P2 P2 Data Data Data Data Data Data Data sym.

P1
0 NP2-1 symbol 0 symbol 1 symbol 0 symbol 1 symbol 0 symbol 1 Ldata-1

Other
P1 P2 Common PLP Data PLP Type 1 Data PLP Type 2
Symbols

FEF: Future Extension Frames

PLP: Physical Layer Pipe
Other symbols: auxiliary stream symbol, dummy cell symbol

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 T2 System

qInput preprocessor
vSplit TS/GS to PLPs
vExtract common PLP
from TS/GS
qInput processing
vMode adaption
vStream adaption
PLP: Physical Layer Pipe
BICM: Bit Interleaved Coding & Modulation

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 Spilt TS into TSPS and TSPSC

TS_1 TSPS1 (PLP1) TSPS1 (PLP1) TS_1

TS_2 TSPS2 (PLP2) DVB-T2 TSPS2 (PLP2) TS_2

Physical Normal
Layer MPEG
Remux Mux demux
&
(including Decoder
NULL packet
TS_N TSPSN (PLPN) removal/ TSPSN (PLPN) TS_N
insertion)
TSPSC (CPLP) TSPSC (CPLP)

Network processing Receiver processing

DVB-T2 PL with extension

TS: Transport Stream

TSPS: Transport Stream Partial Stream
TSPSC: Transport Stream Partial Stream Common

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 Physical layer parameter comparison
between DVB-T and DVB-T2
DVB-T DVB-T2
Channel bandwidth (MHz) 5, 6, 7, 8 1.7, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10
Mode 2K, 4K, 8K 1K, 2K, 4K, 8K, 16K, 32K
Bandwidth Standard Standard, Extended
Modulation 4, 16, 64-QAM 4, 16, 64, 256-QAM
FEC CC + RS LDPC + BCH
Code rate 1/2, 2/3, 3/4, 5/6, 7/8 1/2, 3/5, 2/3, 3/4, 4/5, 5/6
1/128, 1/32, 1/16, 19/256,
GI 1/32, 1/16, 1/8, 1/4
1/8, 19/128, 1/4
Bit, time, cell,
Interleavers Time, frequency, bit
Frequency
Hierarchy Yes No
System info. Transmit TPS pilots P2
Time-Frequency slicing,
Diversity Not specified
Time slicing, MISO

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 Modulation and Coding performance
q Capacity limits for simple Gaussian noise channel
v With LDPC can get close to theoretical limit
q Typically 30% gain in capacity compared with DVB-T
codes.

Capacity Performance

10.00
9.00
Effective bits per Cell

8.00
7.00
6.00
5.00
4.00
3.00
2.00
1.00
0.00
0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0
C/N

DVB-T2 QPSK DVB-T2 16-QAM DVB-T2 64-QAM

DVB-T2 256-QAM Shannon Limit BICM Limit

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 Block diagram of DVB-T2 chain
Interface A Interface B Interface C Interface D
“TS” “T2-MI” “DVB-T2” “TS”

Basic T2 T2 MPEG
Statmux
T2-gateway modulator demodulator decoder
TS TS TS TS TS

T2S T2S

PHY PHY PHY PHY PHY

SS1 SS2 SS3 SS4 SS5

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T2-MI protocol stack

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DVB-T2 distribution network

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 Why Large FFT Size?
q Flexibility of optimization for capacity and ruggedness
v Reduce GI overhead (= capacity gain) for given size of SFN
Ø Example: for absolute length of GI = 224 µs

v Increase SFN capability for a given fractional GI

Ø E.g., 32K with GI = 1/8 (448 µs) for large SFN
q Channel estimation via frequency interpolation only
q Lower out-of-band power spectrum
v Bandwidth extension for further capacity gain

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 Bandwidth Extension
qConcept: Out-of-band level decreases as
FFTs get larger
vExtended carrier mode for 8K, 16K and 32K FFT sizes
qExample (8 MHz BW): +1.4~2.1% capacity

Normal Mode Extended Carrier Mode

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 Higher order constellation
q T2 includes 256 QAM
mode
v Carries 8 bits/ data cell
Ø (c.f 6 bits / data cell for
64 QAM)
v Enables greater capacity,
exploiting improved FEC
performance of LDPC
v Studies show that typical
tuner phase noise should
not be a problem

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 Rotated Constellations
qConcept: Modulation diversity
vRotating a constellation introduces redundancy
vUp to 5 dB gain on difficult channels (e.g., 0 dB echo)

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 Rotated Constellations, cont.
q Normally, a QAM constellation is
sent as a single complex number in
one OFDM cell
v If it fades out, all its contents are erased
q Instead, send 2 PAM ‘axes’ of
rotated QAM in different cells
v different locations in frequency and/or time
(by an appropriate delay )
v reduces probability both fail at once
q OFDM cells contain unrelated 16-
PAMs
v so look like 16 x16 = 256-QAM

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 Issue of PAPR for OFDM Systems
q In-band distortion à system performance degradation
q Out-of-band radiation à adjacent channel interference

Pout clipping
Saturation
Linear level
region

Pin

PAPR: Peak-to-Average Power Ratio 26 Copyright © ITRI 工業技術研究院

 PAPR Reduction – Method 1
q Active constellation extension (ACE)
v Constellation distortion to counteract peaks
Ø Principle: outer constellation points be extended
v Without reducing the capacity
v Better for lower-order QAM (e.g., QPSK, 16-QAM)
v Example: Extended 16-QAM
Time- domain Constellation
Clipping
signal Extension/Recovery

Peak regrowth
Vclip
power

power

power
time time time
Q-phase

Q-phase

Q-phase
I- phase I- phase I- phase

Original 16QAM signal After clipping, constellation After constellation recovery

points are shifted

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 PAPR Reduction – Method 2
qTone reservation (TR)
v1% of carriers reserved to counteract any peaks
Ø 1K (10), 2K (18), 4K (36), 8K (72), 16K (144), 32K (288)
v Irrelevant to constellation order (complementary to ACE)
Data signal
Vclip

time
Shifted Kernel

time
Peak-cancelled signal
-
Side- peak growth

time

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 Time-Frequency Slicing (TFS)
qConcept

qAdvantages
vStatistical multiplexing gain in a large multiplex
vIncreased frequency diversity
However, due to the complexity/spectrum issue, TFS has
been made as an option of the T2-PHY Spec. (Annex E ).

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Multiple Input Single Output technology

RX

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 Transmitter signaling identification
qTransmitter identification
vAuxiliary Cell method
vSeamless handoff
qWireless environment measurement
vFEF method
vOptimize the broadcasting network

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Auxiliary Cell method (1)

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 Auxiliary Cell method (2)

Other
P1 P2 Common PLP Data PLP Type 1 Data PLP Type 2
Symbols

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 FEF method

signature FEF

End of the Other use First signature Second signature Start of the
P1
previous T2 frame period period period next T2 frame

•Using GO code which has “zero

cross zone" property
Cyclic
Signal waveform •Up to distinguish 64 transmitters
prefix
in a network
•Useful period: 65536T
•Guard period : 14546 T

cyclic prefix is copy of last part of

the signature waveform

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 GO (Generalized Orthogonal) code
q An ideal set of signature waveforms would have:
v perfect auto-correlation, rii (τ ) = δ (τ )
v zero cross-correlation, rij (τ ) = 0, i ≠ j, all τ
v but no such set exists
q But there is class of sets of discrete sequences
which have a zero correlation zone
v cyclic ACF rii [0] = 1; rii [n] = 0,1 ≤ n ≤ Z 0
v cyclic XCF rij [n] = 0,− Z 0 ≤ n ≤ Z 0 , all i ≠ j
v these are called generalised orthogonal
Ø sequence length N, with M sequences in a set

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Multiplexing national services and local
services

Local service area National

service area
Local service area
Local service area

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Multiplexing fixed reception and mobile
reception

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 Potential capacity increase compared
DVB-T mode in UK (MFN)
DVB-T in UK T2
Modulation 64QAM 256QAM
FFT size 2K 32K
Guard Interval 1/32 1/128
FEC 2/3 CC + RS 3/5LDPC + BCH
Scattered Pilots 8.3% 1.0%
Continual Pilots NOTE 1 2.6% 0.53%
P1 overhead NOTE2 1.0% 0.53%
Bandwidth Standard Extended
Capacity 24 Mbit/s 36.1 Mbit/s
NOTE 1: includes only Continual Pilot cells which are not also Scattered Pilots
NOTE 2: TPS for DVB-T; L1-signalling, P1 and extra P2 overhead for DVB-T

Capacity = DVB-T + 50%

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 Potential capacity increase for an SFN mode
DVB-T (SFN) T2
Modulation 64QAM 256QAM
FFT size 8K 32K
Guard Interval ¼ 1/128
FEC 2/3 CC + RS 3/5LDPC + BCH
Scattered Pilots 8.3% 4.2%
Continual Pilots NOTE 1 2.0% 0.39%
P1 overhead NOTE2 1.0% 0.65%
Bandwidth Standard Extended
Capacity 19.9 Mbit/s 33.2 Mbit/s
NOTE 1: includes only Continual Pilot cells which are not also Scattered Pilots
NOTE 2: TPS for DVB-T; L1-signalling, P1 and extra P2 overhead for DVB-T

Capacity = DVB-T + 66%

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 Better performance
qImprove receiver performance
vChannel bandwidth = 8 MHz, FFT = 8K, GI=1/4
DVB-T DVB-T2
Effective bits per cell 2.80 2.99
Modulation 64QAM 16QAM
Code rate 3/4 CC 3/4 LDPC
Required SNR in P1 Ch 27.5 12.2 -15.3 dB
Required SNR in P1 Ch 21.5 20.0
Modulation 16QAM 256QAM
Code rate 3/4 CC 2/3 LDPC
Effective bits per cell 1.87 5.31 2.84x
QEF: less than one uncorrected error-event per transmission hour at the level of a 5 Mbit/s
single TV service decoder (PER<10-7)

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 Conclusions (1/2)
qBetter performance
vOn the same bandwidth efficiency (~3bps/Hz), DVB-T2
has 15 dB less SNR than DVB-T. In term of coverage,
DVB-T2 can cover about 5 times of DVB-T.
vOn the same signal coverage (SNR~20dB), DVB-T2 is
more 2.44 (bps/Hz) throughput than DVB-T, e.g. 19.52
Mbps in 8 MHz channel or 2 HDTV streams (H.264,
1920x1080p, 30f, ~10 Mbps, action movie or sport)
vMISO (Multiple Input Single Output) improves the
performance furthermore
v Spectrum efficiency is 6.65 bps/Hz at most
Ø 256-QAM, 5/6, not take into account loss due to signaling /
synchronization / sounding and Guard interval.

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 Conclusion (2/2)
q Cheaper expense
v Longer guard interval è larger coverage è less transmitters è
less capital expense
Ø DVB-T2 extend the guard interval to 2.375 times of the DVB-T at
most
v Each transmitter signal is measured independently è more easy to
optimize and monitor network è less operation expense
v Extend limit of the distribution network delay
q Flexible frame structure
v Support TDM mode so that national services and local services
could be integrated in the same RF channel
v Support FEF mode so that broadcasting services and other services
could be integrated in the same RF channel
v Seamless handoff when crossing different service transmitters

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 Commercialization of DVB-T2 (1/2)
q UK
v Guided by ofcom and leaded by BBC
v BBC began the world’s DVB-T2 compliant test transmissions on
27/06/08 from Guildford transmitter
v Decide to adapt MFN for DVB-T2 in October, 2009, the throughput is
40 Mbps
Ø 32KE, 256QAM, CR=2/3, GI=1/128, BW=8 MHz, PP7, SISO,
40.2146 Mbps
v The official launch of the service on April 3 and run through until the
World Cup (3rd April, 2010)
Ø Channel 4 HD, S4C Clirlun(Wales), channels BBC HD, ITV1 HD
q Austria
v Oesterreichische Rundfunksender (ORS)
v on UHF channel 65 from the Kahlenberg transmitting station near
Vienna
v began on the 12th April and will continue for 12 months (18th April
2010)

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 Commercialization of DVB-T2 (2/2)
q Sweden
v The Swedish Radio and Television Authority (RTVV) plans to allocate
licenses in June and services are set to launch by the end of the year.
The services will use DVB-T2 in combination with MPEG-4 AVC (3rd
May 2010)
q Finland
v Finnish operator DNA Oy has announced that it will launch two DTT
HDTV multiplexes in VHF band III using the DVB-T2 standard and
MPEG-4, H.264 AVC coding (14th December 2009)
q Germany
v Germany’s national DTT operator, Media Broadcast, is assessing
equipment for its DVB-T2 trial and has recently chosen T-VIPS
Advanced DTT Solutions to link DVB-T headends with DVB-T2
modulators. The test case is SFN in Lower Saxony (29th March 2010)
B21C(Broadcasting 21 Century ): a task of CELTIC (Cooperation for a sustained European Leadership in
Telecommunications) and the major objective is to conceive and concentrate the foundations for “Broadcast for the 21st
Century”.

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 References
q http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_terrestrial_television
q Ofcom, “Digital Dividend Review stakeholder event,” Jan.
14th, 2008
q Ofcom, “The Future of Digital Terrestrial Television-
Enabling new services for viewers,” Nov. 21th, 2007
q Ofcom, “The Future of Digital Terrestrial Television-
Enabling new services for viewers,” Feb. 19th, 2008
q Ofcom, “Digital Television: Enabling New Services-
Facilitating efficiency on DTT ,” Apr. 3rd, 2008.
q DTG, “DTG Response to Ofcom Consultation: The Future of
Digital Terrestrial Television,” Jan. 30th, 2008
q http://dvb.org/technology/dvbt2/index.xml

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