Andina Link 2018

Plataforma para Servicio de Video Digital

& OTT

DAVID GIRALDO

©2016 Harmonic Inc. All rights reserved worldwide.

 Andina Link 2018

Introduction

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 TV world is changing

• Apparition of “pure players”

• Global actors with important investment
• Fast web-oriented innovation
• Netflix first, but lots of developments since last year

• New TV consumption schemes

• Timeshift, or event-based catalog has become main stream (“anytime”)
• Address new video devices on any network (“anywhere”)

• TV operators can match these

• And do more…
- Leverage the existing subscribers base
- Already have the content rights, especially on linear and local
- Already have a device in users’ living room
- can aggregate the service (content and billing)
• A lot have started already
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 TV OTT streaming still increasing

Source: Global OTT TV & Video Forecasts 2016

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 Traditional delivery using Broadcast/Multicast

• Same content for all, pushed to the end devices

• Continuous stream to the network
• Single bit-rate and resolution
• Dedicated network with guaranteed QoS for the selected bitrate

Bitrate
(kbps)

1200

800

400

Time

5
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 Multiscreen delivery using Adaptive Streaming

• Unicast, content is requested by each device, potentially a different stream per user
• Various bit-rate and resolution that the player can chose from
• Uses existing HTTP distribution network (private or public = “OTT”)

Bitrate
(kbps)

1200

800

400

Time

Plus: Individualized experience (content, resolution/Device)

Challenge: Control the distribution resources
6
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 Andina Link 2018

Managing Content in the past

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 Timeshift viewing adoption example

• Summary:
– Live ~55%
– StartOver/Catchup ~35%
– VOD/PVR ~10%

• Growing tendency for Timeshift vs Live

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 Start-Over – Customer experience

• The ability to skip to the beginning of a currently airing program

 Easy to use Restart program

 Easy content rights
 Easy advertising model
 Low cost implementation on both
clients and server sides

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 Catch-up - Consumer experience

• The ability to watch a program that has ended

• Two representations examples

1. Retro-EPG 2. Catchup Portal

 More elaborate/advanced user interface

 Higher cost of system (storage) Program available for 1 week
 Content rights (<3 days vs. > 3 days)
 Straightforward server side implementation

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 Cloud DVR and VOD– Customer Experience

• Programs are de-linearized

• Two representations examples

Personal Video Recordings Operator Recordings / VOD library

 Advanced Timeshift user experience

 Ad hoc recording
 “Season ticket”, download to go/own
 Higher cost of system (but much less than HDD!)
 Challenging content rights

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 Managing assets in the past

• Managing from-Live assets in the past

Library storage Circular Buffer Player Buffer
Now

Past LIVE stream Future

T2 T1 T0 = Now
ID = Channel

ID = Channel + Start time

ID = Channel + Start & End time

LLCU copy

ID = Asset name
Circular Buffer

Player buffer: limited (few minutes max), depends on device = not reliable Live
Circular buffer: All channels recorded all the time for N days Start-over
Extraction and copy: Selected assets are copied and kept until explicitly deleted Catch-up
nDVR / long lasting Catch-up
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 Andina Link 2018

Optimizing Delivery

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 Streaming formats getting clearer

x DRM systems
x formats versions

Playready initial DRM #1, DRM #2, etc…

Access
PlayReady w/ key rotation Version X, Version Y, etc...
Playready scalable licenses
…

Encoding.com 2016 format report

Encoding.com 2017 format report

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 CMAF: Packaging convergence

• MPEG Common Media Application Format (CMAF)

– ISO standard (Apple, MSFT, Google, Akamai,...) planned for end 2017. Draft already available
– Goal: Same video packets for both formats (which represents most of the traffic on
network/storage), only the playlist/manifest is different.
– Essentially based on ISOBMFF, DASH and CENC (ie ~DASH)
– Additional targets: lower latency, Ad insertion, storage, broadcast & PDL

HLS Manifest

CMAF
TS
CDN

fMP4 DASH Manifest

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 Addressing latency with HTTP Chunked Transfer

Legacy HLS or DASH Segments Flow

Encoder/Packager Origin: 1 Player: 2x or 3x segments

segment
Live

6s segment N Segment N-1 Segment N-2

Segment N-3 Start
Segment N-4 decoding

CMAF Chunks + HTTP Chunks Flow

Encoder/Packager Origin: 1 chunk Player: 1x segment
Chunk(200ms) Live
Start
decoding
Segment N Segment N-1
2s Delivery segment is split into 200ms CMAF
chunks being delivered using HTTP Chunked
Transfer Coding

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 Multi Master playlist: deterministic profile selection

5 Mbps

2 Mbps
Master
playlist 1 Mbps

“TV” 0.5 Mbps

(Unbearable quality on
playlist a big screen)
5 Mbps

2 Mbps

1 Mbps “Cell” 5 Mbps

(high BR costs for no visible
0.5 Mbps playlist quality improvement)
2 Mbps

1 Mbps
0.5 Mbps

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 Hit rate and Cache size optimization

Hit rate
Hit rate = 90%
= 80%

CDN cache
• Hit rate greatly improved by adding cache capacity… up to a certain point
• CDN cache is easily below the flat part of the curve
• CAUTION: Cache size for a given hit rate depends on the size of each asset
– Number of packages counts
– Compression efficiency counts
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 Codec evolution

• H264  Ubiquitous

• WebM(VP8/VP9)  HTML5, YouTube, mainly free content +4%

• HEVC
– Slowed down by license pool split
– MPEG-LA; HEVC Advance; Velos media… Encoding.com 2016 format report

• AOM - AV1  Browsers - 2017

– Royalty free
– Hardware decode? Interop? Performance, patent infringement?

• MPEG JVET (~2020)

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 Traditional ABR Compression: Constant Bitrate

• Classical ABR solutions rely on CBR encoding for each profile

– Most sequences use a lot less bits
– Video quality is not consistent

Simple Video Simple Video Complex Video Complex Video Complex Video Moderate Complexity Moderate Complexity
= = = =
Wasting Many Bits Wasting Many Bits Wasting Some Bits Wasting Some Bits

3.5 Mbps
bitrate

CBR

2.0 Mbps
EyeQ

.63 Mbps * 2 sec = .63 Mbps * 2 sec = 4.3 Mbps * 2 sec = 5.0 Mbps * 2 sec = 4.2 Mbps * 2 sec = 2.2 Mbps * 2 sec = 1.9 Mbps * 2 sec =
.16MB .16MB 1.08MB 1.26 MB 1.06 MB .56 MB .48 MB
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 Improving existing standards

• Real-time analysis to use only the bits needed to achieve the desired video quality
– Constant video quality per profile rather than constant bitrate
– Achieving a more consistent experience using less bandwidth
– Shows over 30% savings in bandwidth required (huge network and storage savings)
– Less bandwidth also means less buffering (#1 QoE issue reported by users)
– Still compatible with H264 and H265 formats

Simple Video Simple Video Complex Video Complex Video Complex Video Moderate Complexity Moderate Complexity
= = = = = = =
No wasted bits No wasted bits Capped Capped Capped No wasted bits No wasted bits

3.5Mbps
bitrate

2.0Mps

.63 Mbps * 2 sec = .63 Mbps * 2 sec = 3.5Mbps * 2 sec = 3.5Mbps * 2 sec = 3.5Mbps * 2 sec = 2.2 Mbps * 2 sec = 1.9 Mbps * 2 sec =
.16MB .16MB .88MB .88MB .88MB .56 MB .48 MB

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 Andina Link 2018

Agile infrastructure: Virtualization & Cloud

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 What are the main reasons?

Appliance based challenges

• Appliance & connectivity are often provider and
application specific
• Complex & inflexible
• Long cycles for new architectures or expansion
• High infrastructure OPEX

Moving to IT standards
• Standard HW which can be used for any purpose
• Abstracts the infrastructure complexity
• Puts in common infrastructure OPEX
• Agile, a new system can be set up in weeks, a new
service in hours
• Auto-scaling, Elasticity, Orchestration
• Cloud services
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 Different levels of Virtualization and Cloud

Appliances Infrastructure Processes Managed

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 Infrastructure: types of cloud

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 Micro-services

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 Processes Orchestration
“Next-generation”
System Management

Infrastructure Orchestration Provisioning

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 New NFV-driven Video Architecture

Ingest Playout Graphics Transcode Encrypt Deliver

Process Orchestration and Provisioning

Dedicated Virtualized Cloud Service

Servers

• “Products” are no longer separated boxes but SW micro-services

• Adaptable to any environments, in particular Cloud (but also traditional self-contained box)

• System management = standard process orchestration + video service provisioning

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 What does virtualization practically brings me?

- Outsources the configuration, operation and supervision

The system automatically installs and scales its components

- no need for dimensioning each function individually
- common and automated environment deployment

- OS and SW installation easy management or even automated

- Resources (CPU, RAM, network) mutualized, all servers are
equivalent

- HW agnostic system
- Less racking, wiring, networking
- Efficient centralized interface

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 Andina Link 2018

Monetizing with Advertisement

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 Global TV Advertising Revenues

2 big advantages on Web:

 Targeted Ads
 Impression feedbacks

• Global Internet advertising surpassed TV advertising in 2016

• TV advertising still growing, but decreases in average Ad value.

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 OTT Advertising vs traditional broadcast

• Simpler insertion
 Pre-segmented and segments referenced in a playlist -> No physical splicing
 Can be individualized

• 2-way http communication

– Robust Interactivity potential
 Same advantages as web
– Measurement & reporting
 Simpler and cheaper than
traditional solution
 Also addresses Live streams

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 Insertions are not only for Ads

Local Content

Slate Insertion

• Rights management
• Emergency alerts  Same technical workflow
• More can be imagined…
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 Andina Link 2018

Conclusion

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 OTT/Web Pros and Cons: Where do we stand?

Yesterday’s perception
Today

PROS
• Individualized experience (VOD, cDVR, Ads, regional content, individualized content, …)
• Managing content in the past (“Anytime”: StartOver, Trick Play, Catchup, VOD, cloud DVR, ,…)
• Ubiquitous http distribution (“Anywhere”: all devices rented/user’s, any network public/private,…)
• Uses standard technologies and infrastructure (datacenters/Cloud, Web infrastructure, retail devices,…)
• Strong analytics (content watched, user’s profiling, …)

CONS
• Uncontrolled unicast traffic on the network
• Latency
• Complex transition: new system/operation
• Moving technologies: make right choices?
 better compression and CDN/network, common format,…
 CMAF low latency
 versatile solutions: boxes/cloud, broadcast/OTT
 Consolidation DASH/HLS, Ad insertion,…

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 Conclusion

• New models of TV consumption inspired by the Web model

• Need to fight with the same weapons:

o Product natively “anytime, anywhere”, go beyond usual linear models
o Agile and performant infrastructure
o Reclaim advertisement revenue by matching and beating the Web offer

• How to get there?

o Revolution the mode of operation is the fastest… but also dangerous for existing business
o Safer to have a solution adaptable to both current and future targeted operations
 Adding features progressively as they are needed
 Migrating the infrastructure step-by-step, at a safe pace

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 Questions…

… and Answers

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