The Circulatory System

An Overview of the Circulatory

System
► Check out how the heart works on the
Web!!

► How the Heart Works

Where the Heart is located
Circulatory or Cardiovascular System

► Circulatory
System – Keeps the body
working by delivering oxygen to body cells
and removing waste (Co2) from the cells.

Delivering
Removing
 Parts of the Circulatory System
► The Heart - is divided into FOUR Chambers
 Two types of Arteries
► Arteries start with A takes
blood away !!

► Aorta – Largest blood

vessel in the heart

► Pulmonary Artery – Carries

blood containing carbon
dioxide from your heart to
your lungs
 Three Types of Veins
► Veinsstart with V
brings blood back to
me

1. Inferior Vena Cava –
Where the blood enters the
heart from the body.

2. Superior Vena Cava –
Where the blood enters the
heart from the body.

3. Pulmonary Vein – Carries
blood-containing oxygen
from your lungs to your
heart.
 The Four Valves of the Heart
► Tricuspid Valve – Lets
the blood fill in the
right atrium before it
enters the right
ventricle.
► Bicuspid Valve – Lets
the blood fill in the left
atrium before it enters
the left ventricle
 The Four Valves of the Heart
► Right Semi lunar Valve-
Lets the right ventricle fill
before releasing the blood
into the pulmonary artery.
► Left Semi lunar Valve –
Lets the blood fill in the
left ventricle before
sending it to the aorta
► Septum – Divides the
heart in half
 Three Kinds of Blood Vessels
► Arteries – Carries blood away from the heart
► Veins – Carries blood back to the heart
► Capillaries – Delivers low-oxygen blood to
veins (Smallest)
 Video of the Valves of the Heart
► The Valves of the Heart
 Parts of the Blood
► Red Blood Cells – Made in
bone marrow; carries oxygen,
food, and rids body of CO2 and
Waste

► White Blood Cells – Help fight

disease and infection by
destroying bacteria and germs
that enter the body. Made in the
lymph nodes
 Parts of the Blood
► Platelets – Help
blood to clot, to
prevent excess
bleeding.

► Plasma – Water
portion of the blood;
55% of blood is
plasma
 Four Types of Blood
► Type A: 42% Accepts A and O
► Type B: 10% Accepts B and O
► Type AB: 3% Accepts AB and O
► Type O: 45% Universal Donor
► RH Factor = is the + and – of the blood
 Four Filters of the Blood
1. Liver

2. Kidneys

3. Lymph Nodes
– located in
the neck

4. Spleen –
Cemetery for
the red blood
cells
How Blood Moves Through the Heart
How Blood Moves Through the Heart
 Blood Disorders
Blood Pressure:
(Hypertension)
The force or pressure
developed by the heart,
which acts to pump blood
through the circulatory
system.
 Blood Pressure
Two Distinct pressures
that are measured!!
Systolic: A measure of the
maximum force or
pressure developed in the
arteries when the heart
contracts
Diastolic: A measure of the
lowest pressure, which
occur in the arteries during
cardiac relaxation.
 Blood Pressure
High Blood Pressure:
Continuous elevation
of blood pressure
above the normal
range.
Ex. 140/90
 Blood Pressure
► Sphygmomanometer:
An instrument used to
measure blood pressure.

► Stethoscope: An
instrument used to listen
to the sounds of the heart,
or listen to the flow of
blood through the vessels
when measuring the blood
pressure.
 High Blood Pressure Video
► Health Animations - High Blood Pressure
 Arteriosclerosis
► Arteriosclerosis:
Artery walls harden;
caused by a diet high
in fat and cholesterol.
► Causes:

Smoking

Diabetes

High Blood Pressure

High Cholesterol

Overweight
 Arteriosclerosis
► Arteriosclerosis
- We will watch how arteriosclerosis builds
up on the walls of an artery.

- Overview of the Circulatory system.

Overview of the Circulatory System
 Arteriosclerosis
► Prevention: ► Treatment:

Reduce the amount of
Medication
stress in your everyday
Exercise
life

Change diet to reduce
the amount of sodium,
fats and cholesterol.
Regular Medical checkups
 Diseases and Disorders of the
Circulatory System
► Heart Attack: Stoppage in the flow of
blood to the heart.
► Prevention:

Reduce Stress

Change Diet to less intake of Sodium (Salt)

Eat less foods high in fat and cholesterol
 Diseases and Disorders of the
Circulatory System
► Anemia: Lack of red blood cells or cells
that do not carry enough oxygen; may
cause weakness and low energy levels.
► Prevention:

Eat foods that are rich
in Iron

Treatment: Rest
 Diseases and Disorders of the
Circulatory System
► Sickle Cell Anemia: ► Normal Blood Cell
Your blood is unable to
circulate properly.
► There is no prevention
for sickle-cell anemia
since you are born
with it.
► Treatments: ► Sickle Cell

Blood Transfusions

Medication
 Diseases and Disorders of the
Circulatory System
► Mononucleosis: A
viral infection; with
symptoms of sore
throat, swollen glands
and fatigue.
► Prevention:

Avoid human saliva
► Treatment:

Bed Rest
 Diseases and Disorders of the
Circulatory System
► Leukemia: Abnormal
white blood cells

In time they may
crowd out normal
white blood cells,
red blood cells, and
platelets.
 Diseases and Disorders of the
Circulatory System
► Stroke: Happens when a cluster of blood
cells blocks blood vessels in the brain.
► Stroke Stroke is a “Brain Attack”
 Diseases and Disorders of the
Circulatory System
► Prevention:

Don’t Smoke

Drink in moderation (21)

Get cholesterol checked

Exercise 30 minutes daily

Consume a low fat diet
► Treatment:

Medication

Rehabilitation
 Diseases and Disorders of the
Circulatory System
► Hemophilia: Blood
does not clot properly
► Prevention:

No prevention, you are
born a hemophiliac
► Treatment:
Transfusions of blood
clotting factors.
 Diseases and Disorders of the
Circulatory System
► Kidney Failure: The
inability of kidneys to
function, resulting in
accumulation of fluid
and waste products in
the body.
► Picture is graphic!!