Chapter 3 — Vents and Venting 41

Table 3-4 Drainage-Fixture-Unit Values ture unit assigned to each kind of fixture repre-
for Various Plumbing Fixtures sents the degree to which it loads the system.
The designer should confirm or adjust this data
Type of Fixture or Drainage-Fixture- based on the local code.
Group of Fixtures Unit Value (dfu)
Vent Sizes and Lengths
Automatic clothes washer (2-in. [51 mm] standpipe) 3
Bathroom group consisting of a water closet, The above two equations are useful for comput-
lavatory, and bathtub or shower stall: ing lengths and diameters of vent pipes required
Flushometer valve closet 8
to carry given rates of air flow. Appropriate val-
Tank-type closet 6
Bathtub (with or without overhead shower)a 2 ues of the friction coefficient should be used in
Bidet 1 applying these equations. For any particular pipe,
Clinic Sink 6 “f” is an inverse function of the Reynold’s num-
Combination sink-and-tray with food-waste grinder 4 ber (turbulence) and increases with the
Combination sink-and-tray with one roughness of pipe material relative to diameter.
1½-in. (38 mm) trap 2
Combination sink-and-tray with separate The size of vent piping shall be determined
1½-in. (38 mm) trap 3 from its length and the total number of fixture
Dental unit or cuspidor 1 units connected thereto, as set forth in Table
Dental lavatory 1 3-5. Note, in Table 3-5, that some codes limit
Drinking fountain ½ the maximum length located in the horizontal
Dishwasher, domestic 2 position due to higher friction losses in horizon-
Floor drains with 2-in. (51 mm) waste 3 tal piping. On average, codes may limit that
Kitchen sink, domestic, with one 1½-in. (38 mm) trap 2 20-50% of maximum length be located in the
Kitchen sink, domestic, with food-waste grinder 2 horizontal position.
Kitchen sink, domestic, with food-waste grinder
and dishwasher 1½-in. (38 mm) trap 3
Kitchen sink, domestic, with dishwasher End Venting
1½-in. (38 mm) trap 3
Lavatory with 1¼-in. (32-mm) waste 1 “End venting” is a system of floor drains whose
Laundry trap (1 or 2 compartments) 2 branch arms do not exceed 15 ft (4.5 m) and are
Shower stall, domestic 2 sloped at 8 in./ft (3.2 mm/m) (1%) to a main
Showers (group) per headb 2 drain that is sized two pipe diameters larger,
Sinks: therefore allowing the main drain to be end
Surgeon’s 3 vented. The theory is that the system is over-
Flushing rim (with valve) 6
sized allowing the sewer always to flow partially
Service (trap standard) 3
Service (P trap) 2
full, thus permitting air to circulate above. (This
Pot, scullery, etc.b 4 configuration is similar to a combination waste-
Urinal, pedestal, syphon jet blowout 6 and-vent system.)
Urinal, wall lip 4
Urinal, stall, washout 4 Common Vent
Urinal, trough (each 6-ft [1.8 m] section) 2
Wash sink (circular or multiple) each set of faucets 2 A common vent may be used for two fixtures set
Water closet, tank-operated 4 on the same floor level but connecting at differ-
Water closet, valve-operated 6 ent levels in the stack, provided that the vertical
Fixtures not listed above:
drain is one pipe diameter larger than the upper
Trap size 1¼ in. (32 mm) or less 1
Trap size 1½ in. (38 mm) 2 fixture drain but in no case smaller than the
Trap size 2 in. (51 mm) 3 lower fixture drain, or whichever is the larger,
Trap size 2½ in. (63 mm) 4 and that both drains conform to the distances
Trap size 3 in. (76 mm) 5 from trap to vent for various size drains.
Trap size 4 in. (101 mm) 6
a A shower head over a bathtub does not increase the fixture-unit Stack Venting
value.
b See Chapter 1 of this volume for the method of computing equiva- A group of fixtures, consisting of one bathroom
lent fixture values for devices or equipment that discharges group and a kitchen sink or combination fixtures,
continuous or semicontinuous flows into sanitary drainage sys- may be installed without individual fixture vents
tems.