INFOMATHS

THEORY OF EQUATIONS (LEVEL-III)

1. If 2 + i is a root of the equation x3 – 5x2 + 9x – 5 = 0, x2 – 2ax + a2 + a – 3 = 0 are real and less than 3, then
the then the other roots are (a) a < 2 (b) 2  a  3 (c) 3 < a  4 (d) a > 4.
(a) 1 and 2 – i (b) – 1 and 3 + i 17. The number of solution of log4(x–1) = log2 (x – 3) is
(c) 0 and 1 (d) -1 and i – 2 (a) 3 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 0
2. If ,  are the roots of the equation 3
( log x ) 2 + log ( x ) -
5

1 18. The equation x 4 2 2

4
= 2
x 2 - ( 1 + n 2 ) x + ( 1 + n 2 + n 4 ) = 0 , then 2 + 2 = (a) at least one real solution
2
(b) exactly three real solutions
(a) n2 + 2 (b) – n2 (c) n2 (d) 2n2
(c) exactly one irrational soln.
3. Let a, b and c be real numbers such that 4a + 2b + c
(d) complex roots.
= 0 and ab > 0. Then the quadratic equation ax 2 + bx
19. If ,  are the roots of quadratic equation x 2 + bx – c
+ c = 0 has
= 0, then the equation whose roots are b and c is
(a) real roots (b) complex roots
(c) purely imaginary roots (d) only one root (a) x2 + x -  = 0
4. If the roots of the equation (b) x2 – [( + ) + ]x -  ( + ) = 0
(a2 + b2)y2 – 2(ac + bd)y + c2 + d2 = 0 are equal, then (c) x2 + [( + ) + ]x +  ( + ) = 0
a c (d) x2 + ( +  + )x -  ( + ) = 0
(a) ab = dc (b) ac = bd (c) ad + bc = 0 (d) b = d 20. Both the roots of the equation
(x-b)(x-c)+(x-a)(x-c)+(x-a)(x-b)=0 are always:-
5. If ax2 + bx + c = a (x - ) (x - ), then a(x + 1) (x (a) Positive (b) Negative(c) Real (d) None of these
+ 1) is equal to
(a) ax2 + bx + c (b) cx2 – bx + a 21. If (2 + 3 ) x 2 - 2 x +1
+ 2-( 3 ) x 2 - 2 x -1
=
2
(c) cx – bx – a (d) cx2 + bx + a 2
10 then x = _____________.
2- 3
6. If log2x+logx 2 = 3 = log 2 y + log y 2 and xy, then (a) 0, 2 (b) 1, 2 (c) 2, 3 (d) 1, 3
x+y= 22. If ,  are the roots of x2 + px + q = 0 and also of x 2n
(a) 2 (b) 65/8 (c) 37/6 (d) None  
7. If ax3 + bx + c is divisible by x 2 + bx + c, then 'a' is a + pn xn + qn = 0 and if , are the roots of xn + 1 +
 
root of the equation
(a) cx2 – bx – 1 = 0 (b) ax2 – bx – 1 = 0 (x + 1)n = 0, then n is
2
(c) bx – ax – 1 = 0 (d) N.O.T (a) an odd integer (b) an even integer
8. The number of solutions of the equation sin (e x) = 5x (c) any integer (d) N.O.T
+ 5-x is 23. If the quadratic equations ax2 + 2cx + b = 0 and ax2 +
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) infinitely many 2bx + c = 0 (b  c) have a common root, then a + 4b
9. The roots of x2 + bx + c = 0 are both real and greater + 4c is equal to
than 1. Let s = b + c + 1. Then s (a) – 2 (b) – 1 (c) 0 (d) 1
(a) may be less than zero (b) may be equal to zero 24. If the difference between the roots of the equation x2
(c) must be greater than zero (d) must be less than zero + ax + 1 = 0 is less than 5, then the set of possible
10. If the roots of the equation (b – c)x 2 + (c – a) x + (a values of a is
– b) = 0 are equal then a, b, c are in (a) (3, ) (b) (-, - 3) (c) (- 3, 3) (d) (-3, )
(a) A.P. (b) G.P. (c) H.P. (d) None 25. If the equation x4 – 4x3 + ax2 + bx + 1= 0 has four
x 2 - bx k - 1 positive roots then a =?
11. If =
ax - c k + 1 has roots whose magnitudes (a) 6, -4 (b) -6, 4 (c) 6, 4 (d) -6, -4
are equal but sings are opposite, then the value of k 26. The number of roots of the equation |x2–x–6|=x+2 is
must be:- (a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) None
a-b a+b 1 27. If ax2 + bx + c = 0
(a) a + b (b) a - b (c) c (d) c lx2 + mx + n = 0
have reciprocal roots then:
12. If and  are the roots of the equation x 2–ax+b=0
and An=n+n; then which of the following is true? n m 1 n m 1
(a) An+1 = a An + b An-1 (b) An+1 = b An + a An-1 (a) = = (b) = =
(c) An+1 = a An - b An-1 (d) An+1 = b An - a An-1
a b c b a c
13. If arethe roots of the equation x2 + px + 1 = 0 ; n m 1
(c) = = (d) None of these
,  the roots of the equation x2 + qx + 1 = 0, then a c b
(-) (+) ( - ) ( + ) = 28. If 2x4 + x3 – 11x2 + x + 2 = 0, then the value of
(a) q2 – p2 (b) p2 –q2 (c) p2 + q2 (d) None of these 1
14. If f (x) = ax2 + bx + c, g (x) = -ax 2 + bx + c where x+ are
ac 0, then f (x) g (x) = 0 has
x
(a) at least three real roots (b) no real roots 5 5 2 1
(a) - 3, (b) - ,3 (c) , (d)
(c) at least two real roots 2 2 5 3
(d) two real roots and two imaginary roots. 1
15. If  and  are the roots of the equation , -5
ax2 + bx + c = 0 then (1 +  + 2) (1 +  + 2) = 3
(a) 0 (b) positive (c) negative(d) none
16. If the roots of the equation

24 INFOMATHS/MCA/MATHS/THEORY OF EQUATIONS
 INFOMATHS
(a) 10 (b) 5 (c) 0 (d) – 2
29. If x =
1
2
( )
3 + 1 , then the value of expression 4x3 +
2x2 – 8x + 7, is equal to
THEORY OF EQUATIONS (LEVEL-III) SOLUTIONS
1. Ans. (a) Since 2 + i is a root  2 – i is also a root.
Let  be the third root.
+2+i+2–i=5=1
 other roots are 1, 2 – i

1
2. Ans. (c)  +  = 1 + n 2 ,  =
2
( 1 + n2 + n4 )
f(1) > 0
 2 +  2 = (  +  ) - 2
2
1+b+c>0
= (1 + n2)2 – (1 + n2 + n4) = n2 S>0

3. Ans. (a) Q one real root is 2  other root is also real 10. Ans. (a) If a + b + c = 0 of Q.E. ax 2 + bx +c = 0 and
roots are equal  a = c
4. Ans. (d) Since roots are equal So we have b – c = a – b as sum of coeff are zero and
 4(ac + bd)2 – 4 (a2 + b2) (c2 + d2) = 0 roots are equal  2b = a + c  a, b, c are in A.P.
 2abcd – a2d2 – b2c2 = 0
 (ad – bc)2 = 0  ad = bc x 2 - bx k - 1
11. Ans. (a) ax - c = k + 1
-b c (k + 1).x2 – b (k + 1)x = a(k – 1)x – c(k – 1)
5. Ans. (b)  +  = ;  =
(k + 1).x2 + x[-bk – b – ak + a] + c (k – 1) = 0
a a
has roots equal in magnitude opp. in sign if
a (  x + 1) (  x + 1)
-bk – b – ak + a = 0  -k (b + a) = b – a
= a� � x 2
+ (  +  ) x + 1�
� k=
b-a
or
a-b
 -(b + a ) a + b
�c b �
= a � x 2 - x + 1�= cx 2 - bx + a
� a a �
12. Ans. (c)  +  = a,  = b
and An = n + n , An + 1 = n+1 + n+1
6. Ans. (d) We have, = ( + ). (n + n) – n – n
1 1 1 = ( + ). (n + n) –  (n-1 + n-1)
log 2 x + = 3 + = log 2 y +
log 2 x 3 log 2 y An+1 = a.An – b.An-1
1
log 2 x = 3, log 2 y = [Q x �y ] 13. Ans (a)  +  = - p and  = 1
3
 +  = - q and  = 1
 x = 23 and y = 21/3  x + y = 8 + 21/3.
 ( – )( – ) . ( + ) ( + )
7. Ans. (a) ax3 + bx + c = (x2 + bx + c) (ax + 1) = [ –  –  + 2] . [ +  +  +  2]
= ax3 + (1 + ab)x2 + (b + ac)x + c = [ –  ( + ) + 2]. [ +  ( + ) +  2]
1 = [1 + p + 2]. [1 –  p + 2] But ,  are roots of
� 0 = 1 + ab � b = - x2 + qx + 1 = 0
a
 2 + 1 = - q , 2 + 1 = - q (-q+p)(-q – p)
-1
b = b + ac � b = + ac � ab = -1 + a 2 c = - (p – q) (p + q) = q2 – p2 as  = 1
a
 ca2 – ab – 1 = 0 14. Ans (c) Disc of f(x) is D1= b2 – 4ac
 a is root of cx2 – bx – 1 = 0 Disc of g(x) =D2 = b2 + 4ac.
As ac  0
8. Ans. (a) Put 5x = y If a c < 0  D1 > 0  If ac > 0  D2 > 0
2
1 � 1 � In both cases either f(x) or g(x) has two real roots.
 sin ( e ) = y + = � y -
x
�+ 2 In any case f(x) g(x) = 0 has atleast two real roots.
y �� y��
 sin (ex)  2 which is not possible for any real -b c
value of x. 15. Ans (b)  +  = a ,  = a
Hence the given equation has no real solution.  (1 +  + 2) (1 +  + 2)
= 1 +  + 2 +  +  + 2 + 2 + 2 + 22
9. Ans. (c) = 1 + ( + ) +  + (2 + 2) +  ( + ) + 22
-b c
Since  +  = a ,  = a

25 INFOMATHS/MCA/MATHS/THEORY OF EQUATIONS
 INFOMATHS
b c b 2 - 2ac c  - b  c 2
= 1 - + + +  + 20. Ans. (c) The given equation can be written as
a a a2 a  a  a2
3x2 – 2 (a + b + c) x + (ab + bc + ca) = 0
a 2 - ab + ac + b 2 - 2ac - bc + c 2 Discriminant
=
a2 = 4 (a + b + c)2 – 4.3 (ab + bc+ ca)
= 4 (a2 + b2 + c2- ab - bc – ca)
a 2 + b 2 + c 2 - ab - ac - bc = 2 [(a – b)2 + (b – c)2 + (c-a)2]  0
=
a2 Hence, the roots are real.
 2a 2 + 2b 2 + 2c 2 - 2ab - 2ac - 2bc 
1 21. Ans. (a)
=   Sol: 0, 2
2 a2  1
We have 2 - 3 =
1
 ( a - b) + (b - c) + (c - a ) 
2 2 2
 2+ 3
=  
2
 a 2

 > 0. Thus the given equation can be written as
(
2+ 3 )
x 2 - 2 x +1
+
1
=
2
16. Ans. (a) x2 – 2ax + a2 + a – 3 = 0
Since roots are real
2+ 3
x 2 - 2 x -1
(
2- 3 )
 Disc. = 4a2 – 4(a2 + a – 3)  0 put 2 + ( 3 ) x 2 - 2 x +1
= y. Then (1) can be written
 - 4(a – 3)  0  a – 3  0  a  3 …(1)
Since the roots are less than 3 y+
(2 + 3 ) 2
(
= 2 2+ 3 )
 Sum of the roots is less than 6. y
2a
( ) ( )
2
 <6 a<3 …(2) � y2 - 2 2 + 3 y + 2 + 3 =0
1
Now f(3) > 0
( )
2

 (3)2 – 2a  3 + a2 + a – 3 > 0 ��y - 2 + 3 �= 0 � y = 2 + 3

� �
 a2 – 5a + 6 > 0
( ) ( )
x 2 - 2 x +1 1
 (a – 2) (a – 3) > 0  a < 2 or a > 3 …(3)  2+ 3 = 2 + 3 � x2 - 2 x + 1 = 1
From (1), (2), (3)  a < 2.
� x ( x - 2) = 0� x = 0 or 2
17. Ans. (c) log4 (x – 1) = log2 (x – 2) 22. Ans. (b) Since ,  are roots of x2 + px + q = 0.
log ( x - 1) log ( x - 2 ) Therefore,
� =  +  = - p�
log 4 log 2 …(i)
log ( x - 1) log ( x - 2 )  = q � �
� =
2 log 2 log 2 Now, ,  are roots of x2n + pnxn + qn = 0
 2 log (x – 2) = log (x – 1)  2n + pnn + qn = 0 and 2n + pnn + qn = 0
 (x – 2)2 = x – 1  x2 – 4x + 4 = x – 1  2n - 2n + pnn - pnn = 0
 x2 – 5x + 5 = 0 which gives 2 solutions.  (n + n) (n - n) + pn (n - n) = 0
 (n - n) (n + n + pn) = 0
3
( log x ) 2 + log ( x ) -
5  n + n + pn = 0 …(ii)
18. Ans. (a), (b), (c) x 4 2 2
4
= 2  
Taking logx on both sides Since , are roots of xn + 1 + (x + 1)n = 0.
3 5
 
� ( log 2 x ) + log 2 x - = log x 2
2
Therefore,
4 4
3 5 1 1 1 n + n + ( + )n = 0  n + n = - ( + )n …(iii)
� ( log 2 x ) + log 2 x - = log x 2 = .
2
From (ii) and (iii)
4 4 2 2 log 2 x - pn = - ( + )n  pn = ( + )n
3 5 1  pn = (-p)n [Q  +  = - p]
� ( log 2 x ) + ( log 2 x ) - ( log 2 x ) =
3 2

4 4 2  n is even.
 3(log2 x)3 + 4 (log2 x)2 – 5 (log2x) – 2 = 0 23. Ans. (c) Let  be the common root of the given
 3y3 + 4y2 – 5y – 2 = 0, where y = log2x. equations. Then,
 (y – 1) (3y + 1) (y + 2) = 0 a2 + 2c + b = 0
1 1 and, a2 + 2b + c = 0
� y = 1, - , -2 � log 2 x = 1, - , -2
3 3  2(c – b) + (b – c) = 0 [on subtracting]
1 1 1
� x = 2, 1/3 ,
2 4
� = [Q b �c ]
2
Putting  = 1/2 in a2 + 2c + b = 0, we get a + 4b +
19. Ans. (c)  +  = - b and  = - c 4c = 0.
 b = - ( + ), c = - . 24. Ans. (c) Let ,  be the roots of the equation x 2 + ax +
 S = b + c = - [( + ) + ] 1 = 0.
P = bc = - ( + ) . -  = ( + ) . Then,
 New equation is x2 – Sx + P = 0
 +  = - a and  = 1
i.e. x2 + [( + ) + ]x + ( + ) = 0

26 INFOMATHS/MCA/MATHS/THEORY OF EQUATIONS
 INFOMATHS
Now,  -  < 5  ( - )2 < 5 � 1 �� 1�
2 �x 2 + 2 �+ �x + �- 11 = 0
 ( + ) - 4 < 5
2
� x �� x�
 a2 – 4 < 5  a2 – 9 < 0  - 3 < a < 3 �� 1� �� 1�
2

2� �x + �- 2 �+ �x + �- 11 = 0
25. Ans. (a) As the equation has 4 positive real roots. �� x� � � x�
Then according to Descartes’ rule of signs, the no. of 2t2 – 4 + t – 11 = 0
changes in signs of f(x) must be 4. 2t2 + t – 15 = 0  2t2 + 6t – 5t – 15 = 0
i.e. In x4 – 4x3 + ax2 + bx + 1 = 0 (t + 3) (2t – 5) = 0
‘a’ must be positive t = - 3, 5/2
‘b’ must be negative
Here choice a) 6, - 4 is the only option that satisfies 29. Ans. (a) Using Horner’s method
the given condition.
3 +1 4 2 -8 7
26. Ans. (b) Number of roots of |x2 – x - 6| = x + 2 2
( )
are 3.
(as Q. number 9 repeated) 2 3 +1 5+3 3 3

27. Ans. (a) Let roots of ax2 + bx + c = 0 be  &  ...(1) 4 2 3+4 -3 + 3 3 10

1 1 3 +1
As roots of lx2 + mx + n = 0 are  and  So, on substituting x = 2 in f(x) we will get 10
 Q. Eq. with roots  and .
1
is obtained by replacing x � x
l m
+ +n =0
x2 x
nx2 + mx + l = 0 …(2)
Now, (1) and (2) have both roots common
a b c
 n = m = l as both eq. has equal roots.

28. Ans. (a) 2x4 + x3 – 11x2 + x + 2 = 0

Dividing throughout by x2 : -
1 2
2 x 2 + x - 11 + + =0
x x2

27 INFOMATHS/MCA/MATHS/THEORY OF EQUATIONS