4G Atoll

LOGO
Alfin Hikmaturokhman.,ST.,MT 1
LOGO
Trainer Personal Data
 Name : ALFIN HIKMATUROKHMAN,ST.,MT.
 Address : Jl Kober Gg Manggis No 31 Purwokerto
 Phone : 0815 965 9209 or 081 327 726 034
 PIN BB : 326F2AB2
 E-Mail : alfin@st3telkom.ac.id
 YM : afin21n
 FB : alfin_h21@yahoo.com
 Website : http://rfoptimisation.blogspot.com
 Linkedin : http://www.linkedin.com/in/alfin
2
LOGO
Work Experiences
 1 November 2003 – Now
TELCO TRAINER (PT Telkom, PT Inti, PT LEN Indonesia, PT Alita Praya Mitra , PT Moratelindo , PT Lexcorp, PT Bali
Tower , Balmon Kominfo Kendari, Pens ITS , UII Yogyakarta,Polines dll)
4G Lte RF Planning for 4 Big City (Jakarta, Bandung, Surabaya and Semarang)
LECTURER at STT Telematika Telkom Purwokerto and Cisco Instructure
 May 2013 – Now Bus Development Manager at Berkah Sahabat For PT Smartfren Project and Telkomsel Project
 Juli 2013 – Nov 2013 ICT Counselor ( Depkominfo Project) ICT Pura 2013 Kab Purbalingga
 Juli 2012 – Nov 2012 ICT Counselor ( Depkominfo Project) ICT Pura 2012 Kab Banyumas
 1 February 2011 Wireless Huawei Single RAN GSM and UMTS Trainer for APAC
 2010 – Now Technical Consultant &Marketing Consultant for Drive Test and Optim Project
 June - Oktober 2003 RF Optimization Engineer at PT Infocom Transmedia Utama (Samsung)
 June 2002 – June 2003 PT INDOSAT BATAM working on Technical Support and Account Executive
3
LOGO
Formal Education
 2009 – 2011
Electrical Engineering Majoring in Telecommunication IT TELKOM Bandung, Master
Degree (S2)
 2000 – 2002
Electrical Engineering Majoring in Telecommunication Gadjah Mada University
(UGM) Yogyakarta, Bachelor Degree (S1)
 1997- 2000
Electrical Engineering Majoring in Telecommunication Gadjah Mada University
(UGM) Yogyakarta, Diploma (D3)
 1994 – 1997 SMAN I Purwokerto Banyumas
 1991 –1994 SMPN 2 Ajibarang Banyumas
 1985 –1991 SD MIMA Ajibarang Banyumas
4
LOGO
Contd..
5
LOGO
4G Handbook
6
LOGO
Participant Introduction
• Name
• Current Job Profile
• Previous Experience
• Expectations, etc.
Alfin Hikmaturokhman.,MT 7
LOGO
Development of Mobile communication
LOGO
BSS/UTRAN Network
MS/UE Um/Uu GBSS/UTRAN CN
BSC/RNC
Abis/Iub A/Iu-CS
BTS/NB
CS
Iur
BTS/NB
Abis/Iub
Gb/Iu-PS
BTS/NB
BSC/RNC PS
LOGO
Towards 4G
LOGO
Major requirements for LTE
identified during study item phase in 3GP
 Higher peak data rates: 100 Mbps (downlink) and 50 Mbps (uplink)
 Improved latency:
– Radio access network latency (user plane UE – RNC - UE) below 10 ms
– Significantly reduced control plane latency
 Support of scalable bandwidth: 1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20 MHz
 Support of paired and unpaired spectrum (FDD and TDD mode)
 Support for interworking with legacy networks
 Cost-efficiency:
– Reduced CApital and OPerational EXpenditures (CAPEX, OPEX) including
backhaul
– Cost-effective migration from legacy networks
 A detailed summary of requirements has been captured in 3GPP TR 25.913 „Requirements for Evolved
UTRA (E-UTRA) and Evolved UTRAN (EUTRAN)”
LOGO
LTE Network
LOGO
System Architecture Comparison
13
LOGO
Reduced Network Complexity
Flat Architecture: 2 nodes architecture

• Flat, scalable IP based architecture IP based Interfaces
Flat, IP based architecture
Access Core Control
MME IMS HLR/HSS
Internet
Evolved Node B Gateway
LOGO
Questions
Which network elements form part of the E-UTRAN?

a. UE.
b. eNB.
c. MME.
d. S-GW.
e. PDN-GW.
LOGO
Questions
Which interface links the eNB to the MME?

a.Uu.
b. S1.
c. X2
d. Iu-CS
LOGO
FREQUENCY & BANDWIDTH IN LTE
LOGO
Freq Band of LTE
LOGO
LTE Frequency Analysis
Indonesia Frequency Usage on 700 MHz LOGO
CDMA-450 CDMA-450
Uplink Downlink TV Broadcast
457.5 467.5 798

MHz
450 460 478
800
Channel 22 - 61 UHF
7.5 MHz 7.5 MHz
Station Channel Frequency
(blank) 23 UHF 486 MHz – 494 MHz
Space Toon 27 UHF 518 MHz – 526 MHz
Trans 29 UHF 534 MHz – 542 MHz
TVRI 31 UHF 550 MHz – 558 MHz
O Channel 33 UHF 566 MHz – 574 MHz
Elshinta 35 UHF 582 MHz – 590 MHz
TPI 37 UHF 598 MHz – 606 MHz
Indosiar 41 UHF 630 MHz – 638 MHz
RCTI 43 UHF 646 MHz – 654 MHz
SCTV 45 UHF 662 MHz – 670 MHz
anTV 47 UHF 678 MHz – 686 MHz
Trans7 49 UHF 694 MHz – 702 MHz
GlobalTV 51 UHF 710 MHz – 718 MHz
TVOne 53 UHF 726 MHz – 734 MHz
JakTV 55 UHF 742 MHz – 750 MHz
MetroTV 57 UHF 758 MHz – 766 MHz

(*) Channel assignments varies for each region. The table shows assignment in Jakarta
DAAI TV 59 UHF 774 MHz – 782 MHz
LOGO
LOGO
LOGO
LOGO
LOGO
Contd..
LOGO
Alokasi frek LTE di Indonesia
Jelaskan Pemakaian Frek-frek Berikut ini (Operator dan
Teknologi yang sudah memakai frek tersebut) :
1. 700 Mhz
2. 850 Mhz
3. 900 Mhz
4. 1800 Mhz
5. 1900 Mhz
6. 2100 Mhz
7. 2300 Mhz
LOGO
OFDM Introduction
Evolution of FDMA System LOGO
Single Carrier Multi-carrier
frequency frequency
OFDM
frequency
LOGO
OFDM
 Single Carrier Transmission (e.g. WCDMA)
 Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing

LOGO
OFDM Basics
 Transmits hundreds or even thousands of separately modulated radio signals using orthogonal subcarriers
spread across a wideband channel
Total transmission bandwidth
15 kHz in LTE: fixed
Orthogonality:
The peak (centre

frequency) of one
subcarrier …
…intercepts the ‘nulls’ of

the neighbouring
subcarriers
LOGO
Peak-to-Average Power Ratio in OFDMA
 The transmitted power is the sum of the powers of all
the subcarriers
 Due to large number of subcarriers, the peak to

average power ratio (PAPR) tends to have a large
range
 The higher the peaks, the greater the range of

power levels over which the power amplifier is
required to work
 Having a UE with such a PA that works over a big

range of powers would be expensive
 Not best suited for use with mobile (battery-

powered) devices
LOGO
Bentuk Sinyal SC-FDMA
LOGO
TDD & FDD
33
LOGO
Generic LTE Frame Structure type 1 (FDD)
Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 0.5 ms
• Untuk struktur generik, frame radio 10 ms dibagi dalam 20 slot yang sama berukuran 0.5 ms.
• Suatu sub-frame terdiri dari 2 slot berturut-turut, sehingga satu frame radio berisi 10 sub-frame.
• Ts menunjukkan unit waktu dasar yang sesuai dengan 30.72 MHz.
• Struktur frame tipe-1 dapat digunakan untuk transmisi FDD dan TDD.
34
LOGO
Generic LTE Frame Structure type 2 (TDD)
• Struktur frame tipe-2 hanya digunakan untuk transmisi TDD.

• Slot 0 dan DwPTS disediakan untuk transmisi DL, sedangkan slot 1 dan UpPTS disediakan untuk transmisi UL.
35
LOGO
LTE Frame Structure type 2 (TDD)
36
LTE Radio Frame - Sub Frame - Slot LOGO
• Suatu RB (resource block) terdiri dari 12 subcarrier pada suatu durasi slot 0.5 ms.
• Satu subcarrier mempunyai BW 15 kHz, sehingga menjadi 180 kHz per RB.
37
LOGO
LTE Resource Block
LOGO
LTE Channel Bandwidth Flexibility
LOGO
LTE DL Peak Rate
LOGO
LTE DL Peak Rate
bit N symbol per subframe

PeakBitRat e[ Mbps]  xN subcarriers x
Hz 1ms
Modulation
Bandwidth (MHz)
QPSK 16 QAM 64 QAM
1.4 2.016 Mbps 4.032 Mbps 6.048 Mbps
3
5
10
15
20 33.6 Mbps 67.2 Mbps 100.8 Mbps
LOGO
Questions
LTE doesn’t supports which BW sizes?
a. 1.4 MHz
b. 5 MHz
c. 20 Mhz
d. 4 Mhz
LOGO
Questions
LTE supports which RB sizes?

a. 6 e. 60
b. 12 f. 75
c. 15 g. 90
d. 25 h. 100
i. 50
LOGO
LTE Radio Planning Process
LOGO
Cellular System Planning Cycle
LOGO
Planning Process
 Area Types
 Propagation Model
 Network Element
 Capacity
 Network Layout
 Coverage
 Approximate Number of Site
 Configurations
 Parameter
 Interference
LOGO
Radio Planning Process Overview
Site Area Area Size Subscribers Traffic Model Site Capacity
Subscribers Subscriber Data

Density Volume in BH
Total Offered Traffic
# Coverage Sites # Capacity Sites
Max BH = Busy Hour
# Sites
• Outputs:
• Site count for capacity and coverage
• The final number of sites is the bigger number from capacity and coverage point of view
• The calculation could be done for each clutter type and for different phases (for example years)
LOGO
The Number of Sites due to Coverage
Subscribers Subscriber Data

Density Volume in BH
Total Offered Traffic
# Coverage Sites # Capacity Sites
Max
BH = Busy Hour
# Sites
LOGO
The Number of Sites due to Coverage
Area Size (Km²)
• this is the planned area
• typically defined for each clutter type
• the customer may provide this value
Site Area (Km²)
• this is the site area calculated from the link budget and using the propagation model
• depends on the number of cells per site (typical 3 cells per site)
Number of sites due to coverage:

# Sites due to Coverage = Roundup (Area Size / Site Area)
Example:
• Planned area is 100 Km²
• Site Area is 10 Km²
• The number of sites due to coverage is 100 Km²/ 10 Km² = 10
LOGO
COVERAGE PLANNING
LOGO
Link Budget
Perhitungan link budget digunakan untuk memperkirakan

maksimum redaman yang diperbolehkan antara perangkat
UE terhadap eNodeB.
Path loss maksimum memungkinkan kita melakukan
perhitungan radius sel suatu eNodeB untuk suatu lingkungan
radio tertentu dengan Model Propagasi tertentu.
Ukuran sel diperlukan untuk melakukan perhitungan jumlah
sel yang dibutuhkan untuk meng-cover suatu area layanan.
LOGO
Link budget
• Target of the Link Budget calculation: estimate the maximum allowed path loss on radio path from transmit antenna to
receive antenna
• The minimum SINR requirement is achieved with the maximum allowed path loss and transmit power both in UL
& DL
• The maximum allowed Path Loss can be used to calculate cell range
Tx Power
+ Gains Lmax_UL
– Losses/Margins Lmax_DL
– Path Loss
 minimum required Rx Power
 max. Path Loss Lmax
Range
LOGO
LINK BUDGET
Gain Margin
Radius Sel
Sistem Sistem
Daya Pancar Fading Margin Model Propagasi
Gain Antena Interference Margin Frekuensi Operasi
Sensitivitas Loss penetrasi Tinggi Antena

Penerima bangunan pemancar/ penerima
SNR threshold tiap Gain/loss sistem Jarak Referensi

modulasi lainnya
LOGO
Link Budget Model : Uplink
LOGO
Link Budget Model : Downlink
LOGO
Model Propagasi
LOGO
Propagasi
Propagasi sinyal perlu dipelajari untuk menentukan
kebutuhan power dan menentukan coverage.
Terdapat tiga jenis penentuan redaman propagasi pada
sistem selular:
 Fress space loss, merupakan redaman akibat penyebaran ke
ruang bebas.
 Prediksi propagasi sinyal secara teoritis, terdiri dari perambatan
sinyal pada bumi datar, perkiraan titik demi titik, dan redaman
akibat penghalang.
 Model empirik, suatu konsep propagasi hasil pengukuran di
lapangan dalam bentuk kurva atau formula.
LOGO
Okumura Hatta
 Keterangan :
f : frekuensi dari 150 MHz sampai 1500 Mhz
hte : tinggi efektif dari eNodeB dengan kisaran 30 m sampai 200 m
hre : tinggi efektif antenna UE dari 1 m hingga 10 m
d : jarak antara eNodeB dengan UE (km)
a (hre) : merupakan faktor koreksi untuk tinggi efektif antenna UE.
LOGO
Cost 231
f = 1500 MHz sampai 2000 MHz

hte = 30 m sampai 200 m
Hre = 1 m sampai 10 m
d = 1 km sampai 20 km
LOGO
SUI
Where :
Range frequency : 2500 – 2700 Mhz

d = distance between Tx and Rx (m)
do = 100 (m)
Xf = Corection for F above 2Ghz
Xh = Corection for Rx antenna heigh
S = Corection for shadowing
ϒ = Pathloss exponen
Terrain Parameter
Model Parameter Terrain A Terrain B Terrain C
a 4.6 4 3.6
b (m-1) 0.0075 0.0065 0.005
c (m) 12.6 17.1 20
LOGO
Transmitter: eNodeB
According to the 3GPP specifications there are 3 classes of base station.
Wide Area (macro cell) eNB will typically have a value of 20 – 60W (43 –
48dBm)
LOGO
MIMO
LOGO
OPEN LOOP
Dengan Open Loop MIMO, lebih memperhatikan kanal

propagasi.
Teknik yang dipakai oleh Open Loop MIMO seperti Space
Time Block Coding (STBC), Spatial Multiplexing (SM-
MIMO) dan Collaborative Uplink MIMO.
LOGO
Sistem MIMO Matriks A mereferensikan untuk teknik STBC

dan MIMO Matriks B mereferensikan teknik SM-MIMO
LOGO
Matriks A
Matriks A digunakan dengan tujuan menambah jangkauan.

Dengan MIMO Matriks A, sebuah single data stream
digandakan dan dipancarkan melalui masing-masing kanal
multiple antenna
LOGO
Matriks B
Matriks B digunakan dengan tujuan menambah kapasitas
MIMO Matriks B, sinyal yang dipancarkan dibagi dalam
banyak data stream dan masing-masing data stream
dipancarkan melalui masing-masing kanal pemancar multiple
antena dengan alokasi sumber frekuensi-waktu yang sama
LOGO
Antenna
– Antenna gain changes with the antenna type and frequency band
– Common value: 12 dBi - 20 dBi
LOGO
LTE eNodeB Example
Slots for BBU3900 boards and modules
Slot 0 Slot 4 Power
Slot 1 Slot 5 Slot18
FAN
Slot16 Slot 2 Slot 6 Power
Slot 3 Slot 7 Slot19
3 x 20MHz 2T2R typical configuration
Alfin Hikmaturokhman.,MT
Page68
LOGO
LTE UE Categories
• All categories support 20 MHz Power
Class
Tx Power
(dBm)
Tolerance
(dB)
• 64QAM mandatory in downlink, but not in uplink (except Class 5) 1 [+30]
• 2x2 MIMO mandatory in other classes except Class 1
2 [+27]
3 +23 +/-2 dB
4 [+21]
Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 Class 4 Class 5
Peak rate DL/UL 10/5 Mbps 50/25 Mbps 100/50 Mbps 150/50 Mbps 300/75 Mbps
RF bandwidth 20 MHz 20 MHz 20 MHz 20 MHz 20 MHz
Modulation DL 64QAM 64QAM 64QAM 64QAM 64QAM
Modulation UL 16QAM 16QAM 16QAM 16QAM 64QAM
Rx diversity Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
BTS Tx diversity 1-4 Tx 1-4 Tx 1-4 Tx 1-4 Tx 1-4 Tx
MIMO DL Optional 2x2 2x2 2x2 4x4

LOGO
Receiver: UE
UE Noise Figure
Depends on the receiver equipment design and represents the additive noise generated by various HW
components Typical 7dB for the UE
LOGO
Thermal Noise
LOGO
Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR).
Nilai SNR dapat ditentukan dengan melihat jenis
modulasinya dan code rate yang dipilih untuk arah uplink
maupun downlink, seperti yang ditunjukkan pada tabel
berikut
LOGO
Downlink Uplink
MCS index
Modulation Coding Rate SNR,Db Modulation Coding rate SNR,dB
0 QPSK 0.1172 -6.475 QPSK 0.1000 -7.231

1 QPSK 0.1533 -5.182 QPSK 0.1250 -6.164
2 QPSK 0.1885 -4.131 QPSK 0.1550 -5.113
3 QPSK 0.2452 -2.774 QPSK 0.2050 -3.701
4 QPSK 0.3008 -1.649 QPSK 0.2500 -2.658
5 QPSK 0.3701 -0.469 QPSK 0.3100 -1.480
6 QPSK 0.4385 0.561 QPSK 0.3650 -0.544
7 QPSK 0.5137 1.564 QPSK 0.4300 0.440
8 QPSK 0.5879 2.479 QPSK 0.4900 1.263
9 QPSK 0.6631 3.335 QPSK 0.5550 2.085
10 16QAM 0.3320 3.335 QPSK 0.6150 2.794
11 16QAM 0.3691 4.140 16QAM 0.3075 2.794
12 16QAM 0.4238 5.243 16QAM 0.3525 3.789
13 16QAM 0.4785 6.285 16QAM 0.4000 4.771
14 16QAM 0.5400 7.403 16QAM 0.4500 5.748
15 16QAM 0.6016 8.478 16QAM 0.5025 6.727
16 16QAM 0.6426 9.168 16QAM 0.5350 7.313
17 64QAM 0.4277 9.168 16QAM 0.5700 7.931
18 64QAM 0.4551 9.846 16QAM 0.6300 8.963
19 64QAM 0.5049 11.060 16QAM 0.6925 10.010
20 64QAM 0.5537 12.250 16QAM 0.7525 10.994
21 64QAM 0.6016 13.398 64QAM 0.5017 10.994
22 64QAM 0.6504 14.534 64QAM 0.5417 11.961
23 64QAM 0.7021 15.738 64QAM 0.5850 12.995
24 64 QAM 0.7539 16.934 64QAM 0.6283 14.017
25 64 QAM 0.8027 18.067 64QAM 0.6700 14.991
26 64QAM 0.8525 19.196 64QAM 0.7100 15.920
27 64QAM 0.8887 20.032 64QAM 0.7417 16.652
28 64QAM 0.9258 20.866 64QAM 0.7717 17.343
LOGO
Adaptive Modulation and Coding (AMC)
AMC adalah teknologi pendukung LTE dalam bentuk link

adaption dimana umpan balik dari user digunakan untuk
menentukan skema coding dan modulasi yang akan
digunakan.
Sehingga akan dapat diatur kebutuhan bandwidth dan
kualitas sambungannya yang biasa diukur melalui nilai
Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR).
LOGO
AMC
LOGO
Skema Modulasi AMC
Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK)

16QAM
64QAM
LOGO
Skema Code Rate
 Pemilihan code rate akan menentukan besar kecilnya bit redundancy, bit redundancy
adalah bit bawaan yang tidak berisi informasi didalamnya tetapi ditambahkan didalam
bit informasi.
 Misalnya saja modulasi QPSK dengan code rate ½ maka didalam tiap bit informasi
mempunyai 1 bit redundancy.
 Pemilihan code rate sendiri dilihat berdasarkan kondisi dari kanal, apabila kondisi
kanal dalam keadaan buruk maka code rate yang dipilih kecil, dan pada saat kondisi
kanal baik maka dapat dipilih nilai code rate yang lebih besar.
LOGO
AMC
Untuk orde modulasi dan coding rate yang lebih besar akan
berpengaruh pada kapasitas bit rate yang akan menjadi lebih
besar, hal ini dikarenakan oleh kualitas channel yang baik
LOGO
Body Loss
LOGO
MAPL (Maximum Allowed Path Loss)
LOGO
MAPL Arah Uplink
LOGO
Quiz MAPL
LOGO
Radius Sel
Frekuensi
Model Path loss
Operasi
Tipe
System Gain Modulasi
Radius dan Coding
Sel
LOGO
Radius Calculation
L  1.95 x 2.6 x (2) 2
L  20.28 Km 2
L = 2,6 d2 L = 1,3 . 2,6 . d2
L  2.6 x (2)2 L  1.3 x 2.6 x (2) 2

L  10.4 Km2 L  13.52 Km 2
L = 1,95 . 2,6 . d2
LOGO
CAPACITY PLANNING
LOGO
The Number of Sites due to Capacity
Subscribers Subscriber
Density Data Volume in
BH
Total Offered
Traffic
# Coverage # Capacity
Sites Sites
Max
BH = Busy Hour
# Sites 86
LOGO
Calculation steps:
1. Number of user
2. User density
3. Services and Type
4. Penetration : building, vehicular, pedestrian
5. BHCA and call duration
6. OBQ
7. Site calculation
Estimasi Jumlah Pelanggan LOGO
 Pada implementasi real, jumlah pelanggan harus berdasarkan survey

demand baik mikro (lingkup kota, data primer, survey demand) maupun
makro (national, data sekunder mis. Dari BPS)
 Jumlah pelanggan ditentukan oleh ukuran pasar (market size), target

market share dan penetrasi service yang diinginkan,
 Market Size menunjukkan seberapa besar pasar broadband yang ada

di kota tersebut :
• Jumlah dan trend pengguna komputer
• Jumlah dan trend pengguna broadband wireline maupun broadband
wireless existing
LOGO
Contd..
 Penetrasi layanan yang diinginkan
• Jenis layanannya (product)
• Segmentasi pelanggan yang disasar (umur, belanja
telekomunikasi, dlsb)
 Target market share ditentukan oleh

• Kompetitor dan level kompetisi
• Rata-rata pelanggan yang pindah (churn rate)
• Operator lama atau operator baru
LOGO
Estimasi Jumlah Pelanggan
Un : Jumlah pelanggan pada tahun ke-n Populasi (penduduk ber-KTP) 1.168.846 orang
Uo : Jumlah pelanggan pada tahun perencanaan
fp : faktor pertumbuhan pelanggan (%) Pengguna seluler (80%) 935.076 pengguna
n : Jumlah tahun prediksi
Pengguna LTE (10%) 93.507 pengguna
Pengguna LTE sebuah provider (45,26%) 42.321 pengguna
Faktor pertumbuhan penduduk Banyumas (fp) 0,715 %
Tahun prediksi (n) 5
LOGO
Customer Prediction
Ex :
 Populasi : 1.168.846 orang
 Cellular penetration : asumsi 80%
 LTE penetration : asumsi 10 %
 LTE provider A penetration : asumsi 45.26 %
LOGO
Contd..
Ex :
 Urban penetration = assumption 60 %
 Suburban penetration = assumption 40 %
 Urban user = 43.886 x 60 % = 26. 331 pelanggan
 Suburban user = 43.886 x 40 % ≈ 17.554 pelanggan
LOGO
User Density
Lu = L x u Lsub = L x sub
 Lu : urban area wide

 Lsub : sub-urban area wide
 L : object area wide
Cu = Un/ Lu Csub = Un/Lsub
 Cu : Urban area density

 Csub : sub-urban area density
LOGO
Example User Density :
Ex :
urban area penetration = asumsi 60 %
suburban area penetration = asumsi 40 %
Cu = 26. 331 / 1.327,6 = 19.82 user/km2 ≈ 20 user/km2
Csub = 17.554 / 1.327,6 = 13,22 user/km2 ≈ 14 user/km2
LOGO
Kategori Pelanggan
Untuk perencanaan kapasitas, pelanggan dibagi menjadi 3 kategori
Professional User : Pelanggan yang membutuhkan Mobile Broadband Access untuk tujuan bisnis
dan juga personal.
• E-mail, video conferencing, file downloads, etc.
• Akses mobile dan nomadic broadband dibutuhkan untuk mempertahankan komunikasi
ketika commuting, meeting with clients, inspecting remote job sites, dll.
High-End Consumer : Pelanggan dengan high usage, dengan penggunaan aplikasi untuk keperluan
personal lebih tinggi dibanding bisnis.
• Web browsing, gaming, music downloads, dll.
Casual User: Pelanggan yang menginginkan akses secara periodik, hanya beberapa jam per hari.
• Web browsing
LOGO
Services and Type
Services (Rb)
Layanan Bit rate (kbps)
Voice 64
Video 384
FTP 1000
Type (c), persebaran user
Type Pengguna Presentasi
Building 50 %
Pedestrian 30%
Vehicular 20%
LOGO
Asumsi call duration, BHCA, dan penetrasi user
Call duration (h)

Type
VoIP Video FTP
Building 60 40 50
Vehicular 60 50 70
Pedestrian 60 40 80
BHCA (B)
Layanan
Building Pedestrian Vehicular
Penetrasi user
Voice 0.008 0.008 0.009
Layanan
Building Pedestrian Vehicular Video 0.007 0.008 0.009
Voice 0.5 0.5 0.2 FTP 0.009 0.008 0.008
Video 0.3 0.3 0.2
FTP 0.4 0.4 0.3 97
LOGO
OBQ (Offered Bit Quantity)
 VoIP
OBQT = cT x Cu; T x pT x RbVoIP x BT x hT
 FTP
OBQT = cT x Cu; T x pT x RbFTP x BT x hT
 Video
OBQT = cT x Cu; T x pT x RbVid x BT x hT
T : Type (Building; Vehicular; Pedestrian)
Note: if T= pedestrian, then “OBQT “ is pedestrian OBQ, “BT “ is pedestrian BHCA, etc.
Kepadatan trafik LTE dapat diperkirakan dengan menggunakan Offered Bit Quantity (OBQ), OBQ adalah total bit
throughput per km2 pada jam sibuk.
LOGO
OBQ cont’d
OBQ total = OBQVoIP + OBQFTP + OBQVideo
Where:
OBQVoIP = OBQvehicular + OBQbuilding + OBQ pedestrian
OBQFTP = OBQvehicular + OBQbuilding + OBQ pedestrian
OBQVideo = OBQvehicular + OBQbuilding + OBQ pedestrian
LOGO
OBQ cont’d
OBQ
Service Building Pedestrian Vehicular
Voip 107,52 43,008 29,03
Video 225,792 129,024 116,122
FTP 1.260 627,2 806,4
∑ 1593.312 799.232 951.552
OBQtotal=3.344,096 kbps/km^2

LOGO
Site Calculation
25.2 Mbps ---> (asumsi: menggunakan QPSK , BW = 15 MHz)
Site (L)
L = (25.200 x 3) / OBQtotal
= (25.200 x 3) / 3.344,096 = 22,607 km2
Radius (d)
d = (L / 2.6 / 1.95) ^ 0.5
= (22,607 / 2.6 / 1.95) ^ 0.5 = 2,11 km
LOGO
Con’t
Number of eNodeB (M)

M = Lu / L
= 1327,6 km2 / 22,607 km2
= 59 eNode B
IN CASE we count urban capacity only

LOGO

LOGO
OFDM Concept
 Multicarrier modulation/multiplexing technique

 Available bandwidth is divided into several sub-channels
 Data is serial-to-parallel converted
 Symbols are transmitted on different sub-channels
LOGO
OFDMA vs. SCFDMA
 Definition
 OFDMA is a multiple access technique based on OFDM as the modulation technique. It is
used for DL transmission in LTE
 SC-FDMA is a hybrid UL transmission scheme in LTE which has single-carrier transmission
systems with the long symbol time and flexible frequency allocation of OFDM.

LOGO
SC-FDMA and OFDMA Comparison
 OFDMA transmits data in parallel across multiple subcarriers
 SC-FDMA transmits data in series employing multiple subcarriers
 In the example:
• OFDMA: 6 modulation symbols (01,10,11,01,10 and 10) are transmitted per OFDMA symbol, one on each
subcarrier
• SC-FDMA: 6 modulation symbols are transmitted per SC-FDMA symbol using all subcarriers per modulation
symbol. The duration of each modulation symbol is 1/6th of the modulation symbol in OFDMA
OFDMA SC-FDMA
106
Alfin Hikmaturokhman.,MT
LOGO
LTE Key Parameters

4G Atoll

Hochgeladen von

Dokumentinformationen

Originalbeschreibung:

Originaltitel

Copyright

Verfügbare Formate

Dieses Dokument teilen

Dokument teilen oder einbetten

Freigabeoptionen

Stufen Sie dieses Dokument als nützlich ein?

Sind diese Inhalte unangemessen?

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

4G Atoll

Hochgeladen von

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

LOGO

Flat Architecture: 2 nodes architecture

Flat, IP based architecture

Access Core Control

MME IMS HLR/HSS

Evolved Node B Gateway

Which network elements form part of the E-UTRAN?

Which interface links the eNB to the MME?

FREQUENCY & BANDWIDTH IN LTE

457.5 467.5 798

(blank) 25 UHF 502 MHz – 510 MHz

Space Toon 27 UHF 518 MHz – 526 MHz

Trans 29 UHF 534 MHz – 542 MHz

TVRI 31 UHF 550 MHz – 558 MHz

O Channel 33 UHF 566 MHz – 574 MHz

Elshinta 35 UHF 582 MHz – 590 MHz

TPI 37 UHF 598 MHz – 606 MHz

(blank) 39 UHF 614 MHz – 622 MHz

Indosiar 41 UHF 630 MHz – 638 MHz

RCTI 43 UHF 646 MHz – 654 MHz

SCTV 45 UHF 662 MHz – 670 MHz

anTV 47 UHF 678 MHz – 686 MHz

Trans7 49 UHF 694 MHz – 702 MHz

GlobalTV 51 UHF 710 MHz – 718 MHz

TVOne 53 UHF 726 MHz – 734 MHz

JakTV 55 UHF 742 MHz – 750 MHz

MetroTV 57 UHF 758 MHz – 766 MHz

(blank) 61 UHF 790 MHz – 798 MHz

Single Carrier Multi-carrier

 Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing

Total transmission bandwidth

15 kHz in LTE: fixed

The peak (centre

…intercepts the ‘nulls’ of

 Due to large number of subcarriers, the peak to

 The higher the peaks, the greater the range of

 Having a UE with such a PA that works over a big

 Not best suited for use with mobile (battery-

Tslot = 15360 x Ts = 0.5 ms

• Struktur frame tipe-2 hanya digunakan untuk transmisi TDD.

bit N symbol per subframe

LTE supports which RB sizes?

LTE Radio Planning Process

Site Area Area Size Subscribers Traffic Model Site Capacity

Subscribers Subscriber Data

Total Offered Traffic

# Coverage Sites # Capacity Sites

Max BH = Busy Hour

Site Area Area Size Subscribers Traffic Model Site Capacity

Subscribers Subscriber Data

Total Offered Traffic

# Coverage Sites # Capacity Sites

Number of sites due to coverage:

Perhitungan link budget digunakan untuk memperkirakan

Gain Antena Interference Margin Frekuensi Operasi

Sensitivitas Loss penetrasi Tinggi Antena

SNR threshold tiap Gain/loss sistem Jarak Referensi

f = 1500 MHz sampai 2000 MHz

Range frequency : 2500 – 2700 Mhz

Dengan Open Loop MIMO, lebih memperhatikan kanal

Sistem MIMO Matriks A mereferensikan untuk teknik STBC

Matriks A digunakan dengan tujuan menambah jangkauan.