LEAP-X

… technology, performance, reliability

May 2011 Presented to:

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is given for reproduction in whole or in part, this notice shall Proprietary
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of this presentation 1
may also be controlled by LEAP56,
CFM, CFM56, the U.S.
LEAP-Xand French
and the CFM logoexport control
are trademarks laws. Unauthorized
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CFM track record and analysis validate LEAP-X

CFM track record gives credibility

to LEAP-X commitments

Objective 3rd party analysis validates

CFM performance advantages

LEAP-X performance analysis

based on existing, proven baselines

LEAP-X performance claims are

technically justified

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Single aisle operator expectations

Lower Reliable, Today’s Lower

fuel burn with less maintenance noise and
risk cost emissions

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Long heritage of engine architecture testing

NASA / GE GE36 / Unducted Project LEAP-X

QCSEE Fan TECH56
(Quiet Clean Short-haul
Experimental Engine)

• 12:1 bypass ratio • 35:1 bypass ratio • 8:1 bypass ratio • 10:1+ bypass ratio
• 2.5:1 reduction gearbox • Composite fan blades • 2nd gen 3-D aero • RTM composite fan
• Composite fan • Demonstrated open rotor • TAPS combustor • 3rd gen 3-D aero
concept • Lean-burn TAPS II

1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

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Direct-drive selected for proven reliability

Architecture Simplicity Risk Fuel Emissions Noise

+
Counter-rotating, unducted fan architectures evaluated

Geared fan

Direct-drive, single-stage HPT

Direct-drive, two-stage HPT

2-stage HPT delivers next-generation fuel efficiency

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Combining the best of proven technologies

Long range fuel High cycle reliability

burn performance and durability
GE90 service
Years: 16
Engines: 1,200
EFH: 23M
GE90-76B/85B Fuel Burn: - 5% CFM56 Service
CFM56-3
Years: 30
GEnx maturation
Engines: 21,000
Engine testing 5 yrs
EFH: 522M
GE90-94B Dev. cycles 19,000
D&C rate: 99.98% CFM56-5A
787 / 747-8 hrs.: 3,000
Fuel Burn: -2%

GE90-115B
CFM56-5C

GP7000
CFM56-5B/P & -7B
GEnx CFM56 Tech Insertion
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GE90 experience maturing many LEAP-X technologies

GE90 In Service Maturation

Years 16
# engines 1,200
EFH 23M
# customers 58

Fan case
• All aluminum

22 Fan blades
•Rugged composite

Booster
• Inward VBV

Compressor
•Rugged blisk
Combustor
• Hybrid liner

HPT
•3D Aero
LPT
• Hi lift aero
• No external •Advanced aero doors •Short rotor • 2nd gen dual •Improved • Cooled inlet
containment • Buried HPC annular design cooling
•No dovetail inlet
•Stiff double wall
wrap re-lube aft case Performance Durable and
Light & Durable & FOD free Stall-free Longer life Retention Efficient
strong efficient core
Perf. Retention

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GEnx development maturing other LEAP-X technology

Development
Maturation
Dev. test hrs. / 11,000 /
cycles 19,000
787 / 747-8 hrs. 3,000
Flying Test Bed 860 EFH
Engine testing 5 yrs

7 Stage LPT
x
… Efficient &

2 Stage HPT
x
light weight

Composite
x
Fan case
… Performance retention

… Light weight
& durable x

TAPS Combustor
…Low NOx & durable
HPT Active Clearance Control
x

18 Composite Fan
x
blades
4 Stage Booster

10 Stage Compressor
x
… Stall-free
… Performance retention

… Durable

VBV doors
x
… FOD free
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Technology driving performance and durability

Structures
Rigid structures
3600 double wall
HPC case
HP Turbine
•Performance
Proven materials
retention
3D aero
Adv. Cooling
Direct-drive Same metal temp.
High bypass ratio • Fuel burn
• Fuel burn • Durability
• Durability
HPT Active
• Noise Clearance Control
Combustor • Perf. retention
Lean-burn • Perf. restoration
Composites
• Low NOx
Fan blades & fan case
• Durability
• Fuel burn (weight)
• Durability HP Compressor
• Noise 10 Stage
VBV Doors 22:1 pressure ratio
Inward opening • Fuel burn
• Perf. retention • Operability
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LEAP-X competitive advantages

500
m i l I i o n
+

flight hours

Maintenance CFM experience &

Fuel burn Reliability cost execution
• 14 EIS … on time, on spec
1% 30% 20% • Continuing investment
lower better l o w e r • Customer support network
(new + D&C rate • Maint. commonality
deterioration • Existing parts logistics
• Training commonality

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Fuel burn advantages are validated

CFM and GE have

LOWER
1.5 CF6 vs. PW
% up to

4.9
2 Stg HPT engines

fuel burn on 5 aircraft applications &

better performance retention %
GE90 vs. PW4000
Boeing 777

5
CFM vs. PW6000
CFM International Proprietary Information subject to the restrictions on the cover of this presentation
%

CFM, CFM56, LEAP56, LEAP-X and the CFM logo are trademarks of CFM International, a 50/50 joint company between Snecma and GE 11
All signs support 1%-5% LEAP-X fuel burn advantage

GE or CFM vs. PW track record

5.0% • GE and CFM fuel burn better on

4.9%
ever wide body engine
GE or CFM
advantage
• Advantage on all 2 Stg. HPT
engines, similar to LEAP-X
architecture
1.5%
1.3%
0.2% • Recent single aisle engine
competition resulted in 5%
767 747 A330 777 A318
CFM56 advantage

Source: Airframer performance summary

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Installation constraints prevent GTF advantage

Higher

Single aisle fan diameter limitations

76"
Fuel
Geared
81"
Burn
Direct- 92"
drive 2-3% improvement*

*Assuming additional
technologies developed
Lower
Lower bypass ratio Higher bypass ratio

Data per 1Q 2010 CFM study

Fan diameter
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LEAP-X vs. GTF: SFC … gear benefits do not outweigh losses

Specific Fuel Consumption:

Geared turbofan vs direct drive turbofan

78" Geared turbofan

+1.2%
-1.7% Higher
SFC

+0.9%
+0.4%
Gear box Struts LP System
efficiency pressure efficiency
loss loss
Reduced
Oil / air Cooling
exchanger
Reduced
exhaust
78" Direct-drive turbofan losses

*Analysis results from 1Q 2010 CFM study

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LEAP-X vs. GTF: Fuel burn … fan size offset by weight and drag

Fuel Burn:
80" Geared turbofan vs 78" direct drive turbofan

80" Geared turbofan

80"
fan

+0.4% ~0.0%
SFC -1.2% +0.5% New engine
fuel burn
(previous page: Nacelle
76” vs. 76”) +0.45% drag
Improved Propulsion
SFC system
(80” vs. 78”) weight
78" Direct-drive turbofan

*Analysis results from 1Q 2010 CFM study

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Only LEAP-X offers performance retention features

• LEAP-X retention builds on FOD free features Rigid frames & core

superior GE90 performance 2

3

• Features included to retain and 1 5

4

Angle of

restore EGT performance: Attack L1

– FOD elimination . . . Retention Double wall, 3600 Low Temp. Profile

Double wall, 360º aft case

– Stiff architecture . . . Retention

– Compressor case . . Retention
– Temperature profile . Retention
HPT Clearance Control HPT Blade Tip Shelf
– Clearance Control . . Restoration
– HPT blade tip. . . . Retention

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CFM56-5B has .8% better retention competitively

3.0

CFM56-5B/3
2.5
V2500-A5 SelectOne
% Cumulative Fuel Burn

2.0
Lower Fuel Burn
1.5 for CFM565B/3

1.0
Initial ∆ = -0.5%
• Airbus status = -1.3%
0.5
• Taxi/Idle = +0.3%
• Product improvement = +0.5%
0.0
0 36 72 108 144 180
-0.5
Notes:
Month
•3000 Hrs/YR
•FL=1.8

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LEAP-X to have 1% better avg. deterioration
Comparative SFC Deterioration Characteristics
Annual Utilization … 3,200 hours
Average Flight Leg … 1.7 hours
-10.0 1% SFC
… GE90 Baseline Experience
= 12° EGT
… GE90-115B Experience
… LEAP-X Prediction
… PW1100G Prediction
… LEAP-X Advantage
7.50
SFC Deterioration (in %)

-7.5 … PW1100G Advantage

X … Years in Service 7.89

Airline Report 6.25

(V2500) 5.82
5.46
5.0
-5.0 IAE Prediction
(V2500)
3.2% avg.
2.2% avg.
-2.5

1.25 1.25 1.58 1.58 1.74 1.74

5 10 15 20
0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000 40000
0

Source: CFM analysis Cycles

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CFM fleet defines commitment to reliability

32APPLICATIONS
25 Y E A R S
in service
+

99.98
21 + DEPARTURE reliability

500
THOUSAND
engines delivered
+
MILLION flight hours
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Maturation cycles drive reliability at EIS

Endurance cycles at EIS

Reliability rate at EIS (%)

99.98 %
17,876
17,000 18,000
departure reliability 99.98 99.98 99.98
14,000
99.97
Now
99.95
V2500 range

8,155
99.93

4,122

99.90 EIS
est.

CF6-80E1 CFM56 GE90 GE90-115B GEnx goal LEAP-X

PW6000 -5B/7B -76B/85B goal
?

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Fan mount AGB … high reliability, easy access, shorter inspections

Fan Mount Core mount

Operating Environment: Operating Environment:
• Fan compartment operates at lower temp. • Located aft HPC, near combustor
• Less vibration • AGB adds heat to already hot environment
• Improves durability of LRU’s • Higher core vibration
• LRU durability impacted

Accessibility: Accessibility:
• 1 person ~ 2 min. • 3 people - 15 min.
• No wait time for cool down • Cool down before access can be ~ 30 min.
• Fewer core access events required • Core access increased by 6x to 10x
• Does not obstruct access to core LRU’s • Components fwd. and underneath AGB difficult to access
• Does not obstruct access for boroscope • Boroscope inspections limited

Proven as industry standard Limited experience

• B717 (BR715), B757 (PW2000, RB-211)
• B737 Classic & NG (CFM56-3 / -7B),
• A318-A321 (CFM56-5A/-5B, PW6000, V2500)

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Validated life cycle maintenance cost advantage

CFM and GE have lower life cycle

MAINTENANCE 30
LOWER life cycle cost
%

COST 50
(GE vs. PW)

%
on all applications
LONGER time-on-wing
(CFM vs. IAE)

77 25
MORE 1st run engines
(CFM vs. IAE)
%
%
FEWER spare engines
(CFM vs. IAE)
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CFM has proven maintenance cost leadership

CFM and GE products have Maintenance cost comparison

proven, industry leading $400
maintenance cost CFM and GE

Driven by architecture and 300

20 - 30 L O
%
W E R
%

technology advantage for

longer time-on-wing 200

LEAP-X maintenance cost

equivalent to CFM56 100
… a CFM commitment!
CFM IAE GE P&W GE P&W
0
A320 A330 B777

SOURCE: External 3rd Party Consultant

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Longer time-on-wing validated by fewer shop visits

CFM forecasted to have 70% of

2/3 V2500 shop visits CFM56-5B
fleet has not
CFM56-5B had a shop
840
V2500-A5
visit
666 672
564
512 496 Engines without Fleet % w/o
shop visit size shop visit
312
278
CFM 2,750 3,928 70%
IAE 1,800* 3,304 54%
2009 2010 2011 2012
TOW delta 23%
Few shop visits supports 30% longer TOW

*2011 Engine Yearbook (UBM Aviation)

SOURCE: External 3rd Party Consultant 1-(3928 x 54% / 2750) = 23%

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Longer time-on-wing requires fewer spare engines

Longer time-on-wing means CFM and V2500 spare engine ratios

fewer spare engines to 8% spare
support CFM fleet 13% spare engine ratio
engine ratio
Spares
Spares
Additional spare engines will
increase cost of ownership
Engines Engines
5% spare engine difference
can mean 2 engines ($18M)
on a 20 aircraft fleet
V2500-A5 CFM56-5B

5% spare advantage supports 30% longer TOW

SOURCES: *ASCEND March ’09; IAE presentation March ’09; CFM56.com
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LEAP-X maintenance cost equivalent to CFM56 …
Low risk development for a continued high reliability

Proven materials
with advanced
Fewer booster cooling & coatings
and fan blades

Same metal
Maintenance free
temperature in
composite fan
HPT for durability
Equipments in a low
temperature environment with
quick, easy access

… reflected by commercial offers

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CFM, CFM56, LEAP56, LEAP-X and the CFM logo are trademarks of CFM International, a 50/50 joint company between Snecma and GE 26
 Composite fan blade has proven durability

No Airworthiness Directives
(AD’s) or special inspections

No flight line lubrication

Incredibly durable …
minimal maintenance
15 YEARS
in service
+

180+ bird ingestion events …

only 1 blade not serviceable

SOURCE: GE90 in service record

20
MILLION
+

flight hours
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FOD resistant core for low HPC maintenance cost

Most particles centrifuged

away by wide chord
fan blade

Spinner directs debris into

bypass flow

Smaller particles exit

through VBV doors

Rugged, damage-tolerant Reduces core airfoil

HPC blisk technology erosion and impact damage

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 TAPS* combustor optimized for maintenance cost

Reduced exit
temp. variation Double-wall inner and outer
liners improve liner life

Conventional
Lean combustion eliminates
dilution holes
• Removes stress concentrations
TAPS • Reduces liner cracking

Reduced exit temperature

variation improves durability
of HPT components
*Twin Annular
Pre-mixing
Swirler
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Lean combustion lowers NOx
Traditional Combustor
Temperature Rise
Curve
NOx production
zone
.030

Stoichiometric Temperature
.12 .07

Temperature
(Fuel / Air Ratio)

Lean burning TAPS Combustor

.030
.042 Excess Fuel Excess Air

Rich Lean
(Fuel / Air Ratio)

• Robust Premixing … homogeneous fuel-to-air mixture

• Lean Burn … transitioning to leaner
• Fuel Staging … for operability CFM International Proprietary Information subject to the restrictions on the cover of this presentation
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NOx at altitude is targeted for regulation

Less than 25% of NOx cycle NOx control mechanisms being

emissions regulated today considered by EU
• Part of ETS or extension of
regulations
35k ft
• Charges and/or certification standard

Science implicating aviation

Altitude

NOx damage on multiple fronts

• ~80% of NOx environmental damage
is caused above 3,000 feet*
LTO
3k ft Charges
Emissions at altitude emerging
as a health and climate concern
Unregulated Regulated • Academic studies forthcoming
US Energy Policy Act Study, June 2008

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TAPS flow staging dramatically reduces NOx at cruise

NOx flight cycle comparison (GE TAPS vs. traditional RQL combustor)
Takeoff
NOx emitted per amt of fuel

Climb

Pilot flow Pilot plus

main flow
RQL
GE TAPS Cruise

Approach
Taxi

Nozzles shown without

cyclonic mixers

Engine
thrust
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Proven materials, coatings and advanced cooling

°
∆~0
Similar
metal
Higher thermal temps
efficiency
As compared to CFM56-5

• Same base material

• Improved cooling

• Better coatings

• Increased flow

CFM International Proprietary Information subject to the restrictions on the cover of this presentation
CFM International Proprietary Information subject to the restrictions on the cover of this presentation CFM, CFM56, LEAP56, LEAP-X and the CFM logo are trademarks
CFM, CFM56, LEAP56, LEAP-X and the CFM logo are trademarks of CFM International, a 50/50 joint company between of Snecma
CFM International,
and GE a 50/50 joint company between Snecma and GE 33
High-tech HPT … guaranteed maintenance cost

Advanced design Comparable metal temps Similar LCF life

CFM56 LEAP-X CFM56 LEAP-X
Better casting
Improved air
passages

Better
Efficiency
Hotter Cooler

Validated … ~4,500 hours of

core component testing
• HPT aero and cooling demonstrated
design predictions

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LEAP-X designed for lower life cycle maintenance cost

P&W •High speed booster

IAE +30% •Gearbox & LRU’s
vs. CFM •bearings High
Fewer HPC stages Fewer speed
V2500-A5 LPT LPT
stages
Baseline
~20%
higher

CFM56-5B/3
Baseline
LEAP-X •Scrap free composite
fan blades •Blisks
More
HPC
Stgs. TAPS
2nd
stg.
HPT
Addl.
LPT
stgs.
CFM
commitment
•Composite fan case •FOD-free temp.
•Fewer booster stgs. core profile Same as
% total CFM56
maint. cost 5% 90% 5%

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CFM track record supports LEAP-X commitments

CFM
EXPERIENCE
supports industry

PREFERENCE AIRCRAFT
EIS delays
14
CERTIFICATIONS

21,000 Engines d e l i v e r e d
+ #

INVESTOR &
OPERATOR
r a n k i n g
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CFM, CFM56, LEAP56, LEAP-X and the CFM logo are trademarks of CFM International, a 50/50 joint company between Snecma and GE 36
Execution is better proven than promised

Commitment to on-time 21 Entry Into Service in 30 years

delivery 5 engine upgrades certified
On time – to specification

CFM56-2 Entry into Service

CFM56-3
CFM56-5A Engine upgrades
CFM56-5B
CFM56-5C
CFM56-7B

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

PW6000
Original date
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CFM, CFM56, LEAP56, LEAP-X and the CFM logo are trademarks of CFM International, a 50/50 joint company between Snecma and GE 37
CFM delivers more than engine performance

Airline success depends on more

than engine performance
CFM customer and product
support is in place and already
serving customers world wide
CFM brings more resources,
corporate backing, and aircraft
solutions
Product Support, Customer Support,
Sales, Logistics
CFM customer commitment
The CFM
is as proven as the engine
experience
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CFM vendor management for LEAP-X

Vendors more accountable

ENGAGEMENT
• Reflect new realities in the industry SCORECARD

• Total product ownership

…”womb to tomb”
CUSTOMER
SCORECARD
Contract language reinforced FEEDBACK
&
BUSINESS
• Significant Warranty improvement REVIEWS

• Metrics on issues critical to airlines

• Repairs, turn times, reliability, fix TECHNICAL &
BUSINESS
effectiveness, response times DELIVERABLES

Product Support Agreements

• Periodic performance reviews
(PSA) a requirement
• Extended new part warranty
• TAT guarantee
• Service cost guarantee: $/EFH
• Service Bulletin support

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Investors and operators recognized CFM value

Category Rank Engine Investor’s Poll – September 2010

(Narrowbody)

Investor Appeal #1 Investor Remarketing Residual

Engine Appeal Potential Value Overall
Remarketing
Potential #1 CFM56-7B (737NG) 6.25 6.00 6.63 6.29

CFM56-5B (A320) 5.88 5.50 6.00 5.79

Residual Value #1
V2500-A5 (A320) 5.13 3.00 5.75 5.38
Overall Value #1
Note: Score out of 7

6.00
Sep ‘09 poll

Source: Airfinance Journal’s Annual Investors’

and Operators’ Poll – Sep. 2010

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Only CFM can deliver LEAP-X advantages

Lower total fuel burn

… better historical 2 Stg. HPT performance
… better historical performance retention
… unique LEAP retention features

Better departure & program reliability

… lower CFM historical D&C rate
… better CFM Entry into Service record
… 14 EIS on time, to spec.

Lower maintenance cost

… addressing cost where it counts, the core
… proven, durable architecture and technology

CFM International Proprietary Information subject to the restrictions on the cover of this presentation
CFM, CFM56, LEAP56, LEAP-X and the CFM logo are trademarks of CFM International, a 50/50 joint company between Snecma and GE 41
The information in this document is CFM Proprietary Information and is disclosed in confidence. It is the property of CFM International and its parent companies, General Electric Company and
Snecma, and shall not be used, disclosed to others or reproduced without the express written consent of CFM. If consent is given for reproduction in whole or in part, this notice shall appear in any
such reproduction in whole or in part. The information contained in this document may also be controlled by the U.S. and French export control laws. Unauthorized export or re-export is prohibited

This document is a Bullet Point presentation. It may be misinterpreted without the proper comments from an appropriate CFM representative.
CFM International Proprietary Information subject to the restrictions on the cover of this presentation
CFM, CFM56, LEAP56, LEAP-X and the CFM logo are trademarks of CFM International, a 50/50 joint company between Snecma and GE
42 42
Top 10 LEAP-X advantages …

10. 22:1 HPC compression ratio is best in industry and

critical to delivering thermal efficiency and credible
5. Proven direct-drive fan architecture with minimal
metal-to-metal contact, critical to durability for high-
fuel burn improvement commitments cycle aircraft operations
• Fuel burn • Reliability • Durability
9. Carbon fiber composite fan blades and fan case
reduce weight, improve durability and make the fan
4. High performance proven materials with advanced
cooling technology to maintain turbine metal temp. at
module virtually maintenance-free today's CFM levels to provide superior durability
• Fuel Burn • Durability • Maintenance cost • Durability • Maintenance cost
8. Robust, rigid, high bypass architecture born of
larger widebody engine experience, assures rigid
3. Regardless of how the fan is driven, its up to the core
to complete the efficiency equation. The CFM
core will resist bending, maintain clearances and experience, GE90/GEnx 8 core test program and the 3
retain performance core tests for LEAP-X means CFM can execute on the
• Performance Retention • Fuel burn promise of total engine efficiency
• Fuel burn
7. High operating margin HPC, trademark of CFM
engines, assures operability and prevents
2. CFM customer support network spans the globe and is
unequalled by any engine manufacturer, and provides
aerodynamic stalls the most experienced and extensive technical support
• Reliability to operators
• Reliability
6. Lean burning, low emissions TAPS II combustor
combines the lowest cruise NOx emissions with a
1. CFM has designed, built, tested, certified, shipped,
supported, upgraded, and re-introduced more engine
low temperature profile to facilitate combustor liner models, on more aircraft, flying more flights than any
and HPT blade durability other engine builder. CFM is committed to making the
• Emissions • Durability LEAP-X the best engine that experience can produce
• Rely on CFM

CFM International Proprietary Information subject to the restrictions on the cover of this presentation
CFM, CFM56, LEAP56, LEAP-X and the CFM logo are trademarks of CFM International, a 50/50 joint company between Snecma and GE 43