Public Health Precautionary - Survey and Challenges

Nitin Bhushan K N [1] Venkatesh V [2] T P Pushphavathi [3]

M S Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, India.

nitinbhushankn@gmail.com, starvenkateshv@gmail.com, pushphavathi.cs.et@msruas.ac.in

Abstract:

A visit to doctor for recently diagnosed aliment can often leave everyone with more questions than
answers, and that’s why now a days the technical surveys in health challenges comes in. it’s not a
replacement for a professional diagnosis and treatment, but it can help everyone to understand the
condition it can inflict to everyone and to their family, the resources are huge in number of articles have
been authored by healthcare professionals doctors, research scientists and patient advocates and vetted
by its panel of board-certified physicians these resources maintained using Big data. It is a boon for
different public health issues that is increasing drastically in these modern generations due to
unhygienic food, lack of sleep, stress and infection that are spreading at a faster rate are the major
causes for the public health [1]. The precautionary solutions should be provided by technical survey
creating awareness for the particular diseases. The objective is to find solutions for different public
health challenges, through a technical survey of healthcare challenges. Big Data Analytics (BDA) is a
solution for the modern communicable diseases: monkey fever, swine flu, bird flu, small pox, black pox
etc. The ability to process larger data within the processing limits and by developing computational
methods it can provide a solution to the real time health issues. Enormous data analysis utilizing diverse
methods like Hadoop, MapReduce, Spark and Apache for giving lifesaving answer for fatal illnesses. The
information can be dissected dependent on the content, numerical, hash labels, pictures [2]. The
pattern setting is changed nowadays by gathering various information from a few sources and this can
be utilized as a stage to gather information. This paper provides a survey analysis for several diseases
and precautionary methods to prevent public health.

Key Words: Big data, Analytics, Hadoop, Healthcare, Storage, Cloud Services.
Introduction:

As the trend is get advanced due to the smart phone network, wearable device technology the
gathering of the data is vast and forming a Big Data is stored in huge servers and can be utilized by
several doctors, physicians, patients. Health care is most serious problem in USA and other countries
due to increase in population, finance and disease burden. The world is running on artificial medical
solutions using Big Data.

Big Data as the name suggest it as large data. Health care industry is the rapid growing industry
and the one of the best industry, whereas most of the data is in the hard copy form and it has to be
digitized. The data are classified as the structured and unstructured data or semi-structured. The data
generated from health care is huge and it consist the information of the patients EHR (Electronic Health
Record), hand written documents, radiographic films, noisy elements, Electro Cardio Graph (ECG),
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scan, Laboratories, Clinical Tests and the data can be in any format
(.csv, .pdf, .jpg, ASCII) etc. To predict the health precautionary the following steps has to be done. The
figure shows the survey that has been conducted by the DALYs for parasitic diseases. The diseases are
increasing at a rapid pace in the digitized world. Human Immunodeficiency, Asthma, Parkinson’s,
Alzhmer, Diabetics of different stages.

Fig 1.0 Statistical Analysis for Diseases.

Big Data Challenges:

Information extraction isn't as same as data extraction. The organized information is accessible
and can be handled effectively while the unstructured information process is the testing errand. Making
an interpretation of organized to unstructured information is the trouble that is emerging. Absence of
abilities on utilizing and investigating the huge information apparatuses is another procedure. The
individual working with huge informational indexes must be commonly mindful of various devices and
strategies. Cost is the fundamental worry in tolerating the new rising innovation. The expense can't be
anticipated yet it generally relies upon the sort of sickness, techniques used to foresee. The mindfulness
on the slanting advances is missing and individuals are unconscious to the ongoing patterns. When these
difficulties are survived, another issue emerges in the security and protection, climate my wellbeing
records are sheltered and secure. As the new innovation have with gathering information from various
methods, putting away it, handling the information under various conditions. Security and privacy is the
key function in the big data analysis.

Methodology:

1. At first the substantial Data must be gathered from the Cloud Storage, for example, AWS, Azure and
so forth. The information can be extricated from the Blogs, Hospitals Health Records, Tweets, Facts,
Biometric Data, and Human Generated Data and so forth.

2. When the substantial information is gathered it must be parceled into 17 V's and 1 C’s to be specific
Velocity is used to perform the analysis of the data and the speed of the data can be predicted, Accurate
data analysis can be performed using Veracity, Value denotes the importance of the data in big data,
Volume can be used to differentiate the size of the data based on Terra Bytes (TB), Variety is divided
into based on the types of data such as video, images, text, audio. Data can be in terms of structured
and unstructured data, The reality in the information is suggested under Vagueness, Vocabulary, The
data that arrives from different storage devices Venue, The data can be authenticated by using Validity
as the option such that the data accuracy and correctness is achieved, the duration of the data
usefulness is used to predict the Volatility of the data, Visualization is the act of data processing,
Virality defines how fast the important data is transferred such that the spreading speed is achieved,
the lag in the data event defines Viscosity, Variability is used to differentiate the data efficiently from
noisy and important data, Complexity, Verbosity is used to the eliminate the information which are
wrong, incomplete, Big data can be used by any organizations without any disturbances hence it
performs Voluntariness , Versatility provides the opportunity to use important data in a flexible way,
The data terminology is assumed using Vocabulary [3].

3. The Raw information must be prepared utilizing distinctive enormous information methods Hadoop is
utilized to separate the information into littler bunches or fragments and it convey the information
among its hubs. Hadoop can give comparative arrangements by sorting out the information and
systematic apparatuses. Jaql is a practical methodology and it is a parallel procedure approach as it
changes over High dimension to low dimension. HBase is a segment situated methodology and it utilizes
Non SQL way to deal with acquire the arrangement. Data Processing is a simple technique initially data
has to be captured by using different platforms and patterns. It is captured based on the type of the
data such as structured or unstructured data. It can be captured by hand written notes, Social media’s,
machine generated data scripts and many more. The processing tools are used to process the given data
by using different techniques such as centralized processing and distributed processing. Data processing
platform is used to compare between traditional and advanced analytics. Once the data is captured
from different platforms data analyzing has to be done before processing it. Data analyzing consists of
preprocessing. In preprocessing data has to be cleaned, missing value interpolation, data
synchronization, data normalization and data formatting is carried out [4].

1. Advanced Data Visualization (ADV): It provides rich results and interactions in order to find the
solution for the clinical data.

2. Presto: It is used to process the huge data that are collected every day by using a distributed
technique. It is a powerful tool to analyze huge data in just a few minutes/seconds.

3. Hive: It is used to handle huge data, it works efficiently by collecting the data from the excel sheets.

4. Key Performance Indicators (KPI): It uses electronic record data of the patients to identify the human
interventions and practices.

Other such tools such as Online Analytics Processing (OLAP), Online Transaction Processing (OLTP),
Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS), Cassandra File System (CFS), Text Mining, Jaql, Mahout, AVRO,
Cloud Computing, MapReducing System and Complex Event Processing (CEP) are used to perform the
data processing as shown in the figure. Once the data is processed it has to be stored for present and
future use. Based on the data availability the data search has to be done to provide the proper result to
the problem. Hence, the public health disorders can be predicted [5].

Fig 1.1 Data Processing

4. When it is prepared to think and the techniques need to send to the genuine issue, in view of the
execution the model must be investigated and valuated. Once the user is ready to login in to the
application, the user can raise an issue based on his reports, for user validation the authentication is
classified into web based and application based. In application based the user need to provide all the
details such as name, place, Date of Birth (DOB), Mobile Number, Email Identity (ID), Body Mass Index
(BMI) details such as height, weight, Blood Pressure (BP), Whereas in application based the user can
create a QR code so that it can be shared through prescribed one’s. The main important part is the user
application, Server system used as a bridge to store and process data. The huge processed data can be
stored in database or cloud.

Fig 1.2 User Management Application

Big Data in Health Care:

1. The Health care experience: In this digitized period the information is gathered and accumulated
utilizing wellbeing PC machines as the workplace experience. The specialists are confined to utilize these
medicinal services PCs to nourish the information in a specific configuration and technique.

2. The patient time can be diminished: Based on the diverse sickness issues the time is the requirement
gets longer from patient to persistent. Utilizing this investigation in social insurance the time limitation
issues can be illuminated.

3. Increment in Volume and Variety: As the world is becoming quicker the information gathering is
expanding and it very well may be grouped dependent on the Volume and Variety of the information. In
medicinal services the Volume is information is expanding and put away in the cloud. By this the
specialists can manage numerous patients at less time with the accessibility of the enormous
information.
4. Enormous Data is essential: With the specific weight on the ongoing medicinal services issues, the
huge information gives an advancement answer for this testing issue. The patients' information can be
noted, reports can be extricated, diverse illness examples can be recognized and legitimate
arrangements can be given to take care of the ongoing medical issues.

Fig 1.3 Architecture for Health Care Analysis.

The Internet of Things (IOT) is a boon for the health care analysis by using big data. The different layer of
the Open Standards of International (OSI) model is used to analyze the data. Once the user activates the
devices such as Radio Frequency ID (RFID) the data is captured from the devices or application. Once the
data is captured it has to store in database or in the cloud services [6]. Later the data has to be shared
with each other for processing it. Data processing is a vast process it includes data filtering, data
managing. In service layer different options can be provided such as ambulance service, emergency
service, patient details. In internet layer the data can be stored in different storage devices. The network
layer consists of Router, 3G or 4G technology, Wireless-Fidelity (Wi-Fi) and it acts like a bridge between
the internet layers. The sensor layer is the important layer to capture data using different technologies
such as RFID, wireless sensors, Arduino and Raspberry Pi, blood oxygen kit sensor, smart phone sensor
are used based on the type of the data the service can be provided. The modern technology in the smart
phone are increasing by providing with different sensor technology such as humidity gesture,
accelerometer gyroscope, proximity sensor, barometer, temperature sensor.
Conclusion:

The medicinal services industry has given an answer dependent on its value as opposed to
volume. The general wellbeing careful steps is a decent arrangement in this shrewd time, in the
meantime the help and headway in the field of new innovation is genuinely necessary. By applying this
new strategies and systems individuals can redesign themselves. "Wellbeing is Wealth" without
wellbeing or riches the world stops. Comprehending the continuous hazardous issues in the Public
human services utilizing diagnostic apparatus gives a tremendous delight to the humankind.
Bibliography:

[1] Nitin Bhushan K N, M. Tech in Computer Science and Networking (CSN) from Ramaiah University of
Applied Sciences (RUAS), Bengaluru. Mail ID: nitinbhushankn@gmail.com

[2] Venkatesh V, M. Tech in Computer Science and Networking (CSN) from Ramaiah University of
Applied Sciences (RUAS), Bengaluru. Mail ID: starvenkateshv@gmail.com

[3] Dr. T. P Pushphavathi, Professor at Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences (RUAS) from Computer
Science Department, Bengaluru. Mail ID: pushphavathi.cs.et@msruas.ac.in
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