Product Catalog

2009 Solar Product Catalog
Content
News In 2009 ......................................................................................................................2
About Gaia Solar................................................................................................................2
Part One: Solar Thermal Products ...................................................................................6

I. Evacuated collector Tube ........................................................................................6
II. Thermosiphon Solar Water Heater.........................................................................8
Common Sense of Thermosiphon Solar Water Heater ......................................8
TS-1500 Series and TS-1800 Series (Type A) ......................................................9
TS-1500 Series and TS-1800 Series (Type B) ....................................................10
Close loop thermosiphon system (Type C- TS-1800 Series)......................... 11
III. Heat Pipe ...............................................................................................................12
IV. Main Pressure Solar Water Heater ......................................................................14
V. Split Solar Collector and System (Hot) ................................................................15
A. Heat Pipe Solar Collector ............................................................................15
B． U Tube Solar Collector ................................................................................19
D. Controller and Solar Energy Station .............................................................22
E. Expander .......................................................................................................23
F. Working Principle of Split Solar System.....................................................24
Pricing Discounts Structure of Solar Thermal Products........................................26
VI. Solar Pool Heating (Hot) ......................................................................................27
VII. Concentrating Solar Power (Hot).......................................................................28
Part Two: Solar Power Lights .........................................................................................34

I. Solar Street Lights (SL Series) ...........................................................................36
II. Solar Courtyard Lights (CL Series) ................................................................. - 42 -
III. Solar Garden Lights (GL series)..................................................................... - 44 -
IV. Solar Traffic Lights (TL Series) ...................................................................... - 45 -
V. Solar Power Lights Projects............................................................................ - 47 -
VI. Portable Solar Power Station ...................................................................... - 48 -
Pricing Discounts Structure of Solar Lights Products ...................................... - 48 -
Part Three: Solar Photovoltaic Module ..................................................................... - 49 -

I . Most Common Types Available in 2009.......................................................... - 51 -
II. Specification samples of Photovaltiac Products- Typical Types ................. - 53 -
About Warranty ........................................................................................................... - 55 -
Contact Information.................................................................................................... - 58 -
Clean Energy, Harmonious Gaia, Colorful Future

Gaia Solar Co.,Ltd.
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News In 2009
Until the end of 2008, Gaia Solar has got the certification of SOLAR KEYMARK, TUV and ISO9001
Certification. Entering the year of 2009, Gaia Solar has got UL Certification on solar module, has applied
SRCC certification of America and AS/NZ 2712 certification of Australia and New Zealand on solar
collector. At the same, Gaia Solar will finish SABS certification of South Africa before June of 2009, the
unit is under testing in SABS now.
About Gaia Solar
Gaia or Gaea, known as Earth or Mother Earth (the Greek common noun for "land" is ge or ga). She was
an early earth goddess and it is written that Gaia was born from Chaos, the great void of emptiness
within the universe, and with her came Eros. She gave birth to Pontus (the Sea), Uranus (the Sky) and
Zeus.
Thirty years ago, James Lovelock, the British scientist and environmentalist originated the theory that
the world is a self-regulating system that, over the eons, has been able to sustain equilibrium between
hot and cold so as to support life. It’s called Gaia theory.
When we confront more and more serious environmental crisis around the world, Gaia reminds us of
caring about our living home and searching for a harmonious living way. Now Gaia being the primordial
element from which all the gods originated was worshiped throughout Greece, and now Gaia has been a
symbol of environment protectors.
As a large-scale privately run and joint-stock group, Gaia Solar has become not only the largest solar
water heater and vacuum tube manufacturer in the world, but also a solar industry cluster integrating
R&D, test, manufacture and marketing of all kinds of solar products. Gaia has more than ten branch
institutes both at home and abroad including Solar Water heater Factory, Vacuum Collector Tube Factory,
Photovaltaic module Factory, Energy- saving Glass Company, European Research& development
Center etc. Gaia Solar owns more than 300 patents and not only grasps world- class interference film
coating core technology of solar thermal utilization, but also walks at the forefront of the world in the field
of solar energy high temperature generation, heating, refrigeration, seawater desalt, and energy-saving
buildings.
Now, Gaia Solar has become the largest solar energy products manufacturer and clean energy supplier
in the world. During more than eight years history, Gaia Solar has saved standard coal up to more than
ten million tons, reducing more than five million tons coal pollution; In recent years, Gaia Solar has
promoted solar energy products more than two million square meters every year, equal to the total sum
of EU, more than twice of North America.
Great Changes in Past Years of Gaia Solar

In the pasted years, Gaia Solar got great changes in not only sales revenue increased rapidly, but also
finished facilities equipped. Bellowed is detailed information on our changes in the year of 2007.
1. Test Center on materials and solar products
The only one advanced test center was finished in the year of 2007 and it provides a good warrantee to
our high quality products. Bellowed are some photos on testing facilities.

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Carbon, Sulfur Mensuration Instrument Oscillograph
Testing Sample: Every type of steels(such as Test the output wave of every kind of inverter, ballast
stainless steel SUS304，stainless steel 316L and so and CFL lamp
on),copper, aluminum, rubber and so on.
Pressure Adjusting Equipment Chemical Testing Room

Testing Sample: every kind of pressure gauge and Testing Sample: All kinds of steel, anti-corrosion
pressure gauge with electric contact coating (spray test slice import aluminum),
Testing Item: the veracity of pressure indicated value, phosphating solution, degreasing impregnant,
fluctuation journey error and activity of electric alkaline menstruum
contact switch Testing Item: Chemical composition of steel, powder
coating impact proof, adhesion, punch performance,
gloss, total acidity, free acidity, alkalinity etc.
High and Low Temperature Changing Moist Heat Salt Mist Test Box（imported from America）
Examination Box Testing sample: Plastic testing slice, integrated valve,
Testing Sample: Temperature control unit, project Central control valve, chrome plate nozzle, stainless
solenoid valve, controller steel nozzle/ bolts/nuts/board/ tubes/spare parts,
Testing Item: wet strength, high temperature high electric heating tube, corrugated pipe, shower hoses,
moist, high temperature examination, and low and overflow pipe
temperature examination Testing Item: Corrosion Resistance

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Physical Testing Room Test Bed of High and Low Temperature Flux/Airproof
Testing sample: silica gel circle/blue silica gel circle/ Performance in Pipe and Valve Testing Room
wing resistance circle/airproof mat/ PVC trade mark/ Testing sample: Corner valve/copper pipe/ball
nameplate/nylon tailstock etc. valve/aluminum plastic pipe/PEX pipe/check valve、
Testing Item: Density/ rigidity/ anti-liquid/ anti-cold/ solenoid valve/shower etc.
compressing permanent distortion/ tearing intensity Testing Item: valve strength/airproof performance、
/laniating intensity/stretch rate of tearing of rubber whisht hydraulic pressure test/whisht inner pressure
raw material and finished article; rigidity/ anti-color of strength/flux/open and shut characteristic etc.
plastic article;the cross linkage degree of PEX pipe;
ltraviolet aging of brand article
Pressure Resistance Test Bed of Cold and Hot Water PV Lamps Testing Room
Circulation System 1.Integral ball, intelligent type multifunctional
Testing sample: Aluminum plastic pipe photometer, input characteristic analysis instrument;
Testing Item: Cold and hot water circulation of 2.Testing instrument for battery circularly charge and
aluminum plastic pipe discharge; 3.Testing instrument for light intensity
distributing of LED; 4.Double route DC steady
voltage and steady current power:
2. The first fully automated evacuated tube coating line in the world
(In 2008, the fully automated evacuated tube coating line has successfully exported to India.)
Gaia Solar owns the first fully automated evacuated tube coating line in China and is the largest solar
energy evacuated tube production base. It has 42800 ㎡ of floor space and a capacity of 30 million units
of evacuated tubes per year and has exported to all the world. Gaia Solar has spent five years in
constructing the proprietary innovative industrial system, and developed solar product mass production
model.
First, Fully automated vacuum discharging line - More scientific
full process monitoring GSPTCF21 vacuum discharging line is a
fully automated production line integrating vacuum discharging,
annealing, getter discharging and exhaust manifold converging,
equipped with 24h full process monitoring system to collect
wireless signals in discharging stand for supervision and control
over the parameters of the production lines to feature more
scientific and reliable performance than manual monitoring. Auto
control and protection of equipment can be applied pursuant to
operation status to substantially increase discharge quality of the
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evacuated tube. One individual vacuum discharging line has daily capacity to process 24000 tubes
which are manufactured to world-class quality.
Second, Fully automatic coating line - Consecutive film coating
achieved for the first time in the world Magnetically controlled
sputter coating process is the core technology for evacuated tube
and the key operation in the entire production process. The full
automatic coating line adopts stepped and consecutive coating
equipment with power supply devices all imported to ensure
voltage stability. The central control system is completed enclosed
and employed with A/C to keep constant room temperature and
humidity. The central control system also functions to allow either
auto or manual control of transmission, sputter process, failure
alarming and other operations. GS11B21 full automatic coating line is the first magnetically controlled
consecutive sputter coating line in the world. This line has firstly achieved consecutive coating which
ensures color consistency and performance stability as well as great savings in energy. Its daily capacity
has outreached 20000 units.
Third, Full automatic inner tube cleaning line - Faster and more
thorough cleaning The full automatic inner tube cleaning line
adopts PLC auto control system to feature more standardized
and complete cleaning effect than traditional manual washing
operation to effectively prevent the cleaning process from human
contamination and tremendously diminish film scaling off on the
inner tube to save cost considerably and reach a capacity as
many as 18000 pieces per day. The operation of the line has
constituted powerful assurance of film quality of the inner tube
and laid down a robust foundation for mass production of
evacuated tubes.
Forth, Full automatic transmission line - "Auto transmission belt"

connecting all operation positions The full automatic
transmission line is the "automatic transmission line" linking all
operations in evacuated tube production and has largely
shortened materials conveying duration, prevented human
pollution to the tubes, reduced glass product breakage
probability, saved great manpower, minimized friction, collision
and scratch among the tubes to deliver the products from one
operation to the next in specified quantity and satisfactory
quality.

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Part One: Solar Thermal Products
I. Evacuated collector Tube
The evacuated tube is the key component to all the thermal heaters and systems. It’s similar to a
conventional Dewar flask and consists of two borosilicate glass tubes, resistant to high chemical and
thermal shock. The outer side of the inner tube is coated with a sputtered solar selective surface. This
coated inner tube is closed at one end and sealed at the other end to the outer tube. The annular space
between the outer tube and inner tube is evacuated to avoid heat loss in conduction and convection.
The key element determines function of tube is the technology of the film coating, and Gaia Solar uses
the Patent of the University of Sydney to produce tubes and our tube is the best efficiency tube you can
find in China, with the highest absorptance rate of near 97% with common rate of 94% and lowest
emission rate near 3% with common rate of 5%. At this efficiency, it has been very hard to improve the
function any more, even very little part. And the film can be divided into bellowed four layers as drawing:
The four layers are metal infrared reflector layer, HMVF cermet, LMVF cermet and anti reflection layer.
When the tube is placed into the coating machine, pumps draw the air outside and form a vacuum at
about 1x10-3. Later on, some nitrogen was sent into the coating machine and form a film of Al/N-Al. at
this stage, the main percentage of the film is AL for there only very few Nitrogen enters the coating
machine. So this stage film is called High Metal Value Film (HMVF). And little by little, more and more
nitrogen was released into the coating machine, and form Al/N-AL film, but at the stage, the percentage
of Nitrogen increases and forms Low Metal Value Film (LMVF). At last, an anti-reflection layer was made
on tube to reduce the emission rate of the film. Thus the coating procession if finished.
During the whole procession, with continuously entrance of nitrogen, difference content AL/N-AL film
forms. Some companies thus said their tubes have many layers and even ten thousands layer. But it is
not the number of layers and the thickness of layers affect the efficiency of the tubes but the production
technology and the data designed, even the quality of the materials. Bellow attached is efficiency curve
of Gaia Solar vacuum tube and technical datasheet on tubes. .

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Technical Datasheet of Gaia Solar Evacuated Collector Tubes
Model SST-1500 SST-1800

Structure All-glass concentric tube geometry
Glass Material Borosilicate glass

Length 1500 mm 1800 mm
Net Weight 1.5Kg 2.2Kg
Outer Tube Diameter f = 47 ±ƒ[1]X-0.7 mm = 58 ±ƒ[1]X- 0.7 mm
Inner Tube Diameter f = 37 ±ƒ[1]X-0.7 mm = 48 ±ƒ[1]X- 0.7 mm
Wall Thickness d = 1.5 mm
Transmittance of Outer Tube 0.93
Construction ALN/ALN-SS/Cu/ Glass
Method of Deposition DC reactive sputtering
Absorptive
Coating Absorptance 94%
Properties Variation along Tube
3%
Length
Emittance < 6% (100°ƒ[1](C)
Vacuum Gas Pressure £ 5 x 10-3 Pa
Stagnation Temperature (typical) ³ 270 °ƒ[1](C
Recommended Working Temperature £ƒ 150 °ƒ[1](C
Heat Loss Coefficient of Collector
£ 0.85W / (M2·ƒ[1]°ƒ[1](C)
Tube
Impact Resistance Withstand 1 inch diameter hailstone without breaking
Strength (pressure tested) 1 MPa
Lifetime 20 years
FOB Quotation Please contact us

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II. Thermosiphon Solar Water Heater
Thermosiphon Solar Water Heater works following the principle of warm water rising, a phenomenon
known as natural convection, to circulate water through the collectors and to the tank. In this type of
installation, the tank must be located above the collector. As water in the collector heats, it becomes
lighter and naturally rises into the tank above. Meanwhile, cooler water in the tank flows downwards into
the collector, thus causing circulation throughout the system. These systems are reliable and relatively
inexpensive but require careful handling during installation because water tanks are heavy.
Advantages
• Cheap and reliable warming solution with simple structure and easy installation
• High efficiency with daily average efficiency higher than 50%
• Withstands water pressure no more than 0.1MPa
• Operation without any power supply
• Could be installed with parallel and/or series connections
• Auxiliary electric booster is optional: 1500W or3000W
• Hot water can be used directly for or as a pre-heat
Common Sense of Thermosiphon Solar Water Heater
1. Input the water into the tank when there is water but not full in the tank, input the water into the tank in
time when the tank is empty. Don’t input water if the empty tank is shined for more than 15 minutes. Input
water in the evening or next morning, thus protects the vacuum tube from big temperature difference.
2. Prevent from scalding yourself by hot water while bathing. Turn on cold water gate valve firstly, turn on
hot water gate valve secondly, and then adjust water temperature and volume.
3. Make the water tank full before using the assistant electric heater, heating without water is strictly
prohibited. For the sake of security, switch off the power first, and then use the water.
4. Please turn down the input gate valve while inputting the water into the high water pressure area,
infuse water into the tank slowly to prevent the vacuum tubes moving down and tank leakage.
5. The getter of glass vacuum tube tail should remain clear at any time. Mist indicates that gas enters the
vacuum heater tube. Then please change the tube.
6. Air vent on the tank can’t be blocked at any time, or tank would be damaged for swelling and sucking.
7. Keep the tank full when it’s windy, stop using it when it’s thundering. As to the tank with electric heater,
we must cut off power before bathing.
8. Pay attention to the heat preservation in the water.
9. Dust will decrease the transmission rate, so clean up the dust on the vacuum tube and reflection foil
regularly.
10. The special foot of frame should be fixed firmly against the strong wind.
11. Don’t change the structure of the water heater at will.
(Detailed installation guide is ready for you if you need. Please contact us.)
To meet different requirements, Gaia Solar provides different kinds of thermosiphon solar water heaters
according to the clients’ requirements regarding on the materials thickness and functions. Type A uses
thin materials and type B use thick material and big price difference exists.

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TS-1500 Series and TS-1800 Series (Type A)
This kind of thermosiphon solar water heater is widely used in China, South-East Asia, Africa and Latin
America. In some of Europen countries and America, some large hot water projections can also use
thermosiphon solar water heaters, such as solar pool and car-washing workshops etc. We have much
experience in such systems and have successfully made many large projects aboard. As to
thermosiphon solar systems, there are also other subsidiary functions for your smooth usage, such as
auto water supply, anode protection, accessory electrical heater and system auto control.
Tube (mm) Volume Absorb

Weight FOB Price Load Quan.
Model (Liter / Area
(KG) USD/EURO 20/40/40H
L D Num. Gallon) (m2)
TS-1500A Series
TS-14-1500A 1500 47 14 84 / 22 0.735 48 61/127/131
TS-16-1500A 1500 47 16 96 / 25 0.84 53 Please 55/114/128
TS-20-1500A 1500 47 20 120 / 32 1.05 63 contact us 45/96/108
TS-24-1500A 1500 47 24 144 / 38 1.26 73 38/84/96
TS-1800A Series
TS-14-1800A 1800 58 14 140 / 37 1.12 66 42/88/100
TS-16-1800A 1800 58 16 160 / 42 1.28 74 38/78/84
TS-18-1800A 1800 58 18 180 / 47 1.44 82 Please 36/76/80
TS-20-1800A 1800 58 20 200 / 53 1.6 90 contact us 32/68/72
TS-24-1800A 1800 58 24 240 / 63 1.92 106 26/56/60
TS-30-1800A 1800 58 30 300 / 80 2.4 130 22/46/52
Other Information
Material Of Tank Shell Material of Inner Tank Insulation Sealing washer

Powdered Stainless
SUS304-2B 0.31 mm 55 mm Polyurethane Silicon Rubber
Steel 0.35 mm
Note: Absorb area is the part of the collector that actively absorbs the light rays. Here it’s defined as
cross-sectional area of inner tube (selective coated) measured using the outside diameter. For TS-1500
Series, it is 0.037*1.42 m = 0.0525 m2/tube; for TS-1800 Series, it is 0.047*1.72 m = 0.08 m2 /tube.
Optional components and functions can be selected as bellowed:
Volume Price
Please contact us
2L Please contact
5L us

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TS-1500 Series and TS-1800 Series (Type B)

Model (Liter / Area
KG USD/EURO 20/40/40H
TS-1500B Series
TS-14-1500B 1500 47 14 84 / 22 0.735 48 61/127/131
TS-16-1500B 1500 47 16 96 / 25 0.84 53 Please 55/114/128
TS-20-1500B 1500 47 20 120 / 32 1.05 63 contact us 45/96/108
TS-24-1500B 1500 47 24 144 / 38 1.26 73 38/84/96
TS-1800B Series
TS-14-1800B 1800 58 14 140 / 37 1.12 66 42/88/100
TS-16-1800B 1800 58 16 160 / 42 1.28 74 38/78/84
TS-18-1800B 1800 58 18 180 / 47 1.44 82 Please 36/76/80
TS-20-1800B 1800 58 20 200 / 53 1.6 90 contact us 32/68/72
TS-24-1800B 1800 58 24 240 / 63 1.92 106 26/56/60
TS-30-1800B 1800 58 30 300 / 80 2.4 130 22/46/52
Other Information
Material Of Tank Shell Material of Inner Tank Insulation Sealing washer
SUS304-2B 0.6 mm SUS304-2B 0.5 mm Polyurethane Silicon Rubber
Note: Assistant functions can be chosen, such as auto water supply, anode protection and accessory
electrical heater. The list price is for thermosiphon solar water heater only, not including the cost of
accessory components.

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Close loop thermosiphon system (Type C- TS-1800 Series)
The type of solar water heater provides mains pressure pre-heating via a highly effective copper coil
heat exchange located within the solar collector tank. The way in which the mains pressure solar
collector heats water is the same as the non pressure solar collector. Rather than using the water in the
tank directly, as the non pressure does, this type uses a 45~60m copper coil.
Heat exchanger inside the tank provides more than 1.5m2 of heat transfer area. When water flows
through the coil it absorbs heat from the water inside the solar collector tank. The solar collector tank is
therefore a thermal store.
Copper coil heat exchanger specifications
Heat Exchange material 14 mm * 1.0 mm copper pipe
Heat Exchange surface area 2.5 m2 for 30 tube water heater
Heat Exchange testing pressure 9 bar
Heat Exchange net weight 15 kg for 30 tube water heater

Model (Liter / Area
KG USD/EURO 20/40/40H
TS-1800 Type C
TS-20-1800C 1800 58 20 200 / 53 1.60 100 32/68/72

Please
contact us
TS-30-1800C 1800 58 30 300 / 80 2.40 145 22/46/52

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III. Heat Pipe
As the most important component in pressure solar thermal products, the quality of heat pipe directly
affect function of whole system. Here, Gaia Solar will show you detailed information on heat pipe.
Structure and Principle
The heat pipe is hollow with the space inside evacuated, much the same as evacuated solar collector
tube. In this case insulation is not the goal, but rather to alter the state of the liquid inside. Inside the heat
pipe is a small quantity of purified water and some special additives. At sea level water boils at 100oC
(212oF), but if you climb to the top of a mountain the boiling temperature will be less that 100oC (212oF).
This is due to the difference in air pressure.
Based on this principle of water boiling at a lower temperature with decreased air pressure, by
evacuating the heat pipe, we can achieve the same result. The heat pipes used in our solar collectors
have a boiling point of only 30oC (86oF). So when the heat pipe is heated above 30oC (86oF) the water
vaporizes. This vapor rapidly rises to the top of the heat pipe transferring heat. As the heat is lost at the
condenser (top), the vapor condenses to form liquid (water) and returns to the bottom of the heat pipe to
once and then repeats the process.
At room temperature the water forms a small ball, much like mercury does when poured out on a flat
surface at room temperature. When the heat pipe is shaken, the ball of water can be heard rattling inside.
Although it is just water, it sounds like a piece of metal rattling inside.
This explanation makes heat pipes sound very simple. A hollow copper pipe with a little bit of water
inside, and the air sucked out! Correct, but in order to achieve this result more than 20 manufacturing
procedures are required and with strict quality control.
Quality Control
Material quality and cleaning is extremely important to the creation of a good quality heat pipe. If there
are any impurities inside the heat pipe, it will affect the performance. The purity of the copper itself must
also be very high, containing only trace amounts of oxygen and other elements. If the copper contains
too much oxygen or other elements, they will leach out into the vacuum forming a pocket of air in the top
of the heat pipe. This will affect the moving of the heat pipe's hottest point (of the heat condenser end)
downward away from the condenser. This is obviously detrimental to performance; hence we need to
use only very high purity copper.
Often heat pipes use a wick or capillary system to aid the flow of the liquid, but for the heat pipes used in
our solar collectors, no such system is required since the interior surface of the copper is extremely
smooth, allowing efficient flow of the liquid back to the bottom. Also our heat pipes are not installed
horizontally. Heat pipes can be designed to transfer heat horizontally, but the cost is much higher.
The heat pipe used in our solar collectors comprises two copper components, the shaft and the
condenser. Prior to evacuation, the condenser is brazed to the shaft. The condenser has a much larger
diameter than the shaft, which can provide a large surface area where heat transfer to the header can
occur. The copper used is oxygen free copper, thus ensuring excellent life span and performance.
Each heat pipe is tested for heat transfer performance and exposed to 250oC (482oF) temperatures prior
to being approved for use. For this reason the copper heat pipes are relatively soft. If the heat pipe is
very stiff, it won’t stand such stringent quality testing, and may form an air pocket in the top over time,
then greatly reduce heat transfer performance.
Freeze Protection
Even though the heat pipe is a vacuum and the boiling point has been reduced to only 25-30oC (86oF),
the freezing point is still the same as water at sea level, 0oC (32oF). Because the heat pipe is located
within the evacuated glass tube, brief overnight temperatures as low as -20oC (14oF) will not cause the
heat pipe to freeze. Plain water heat pipes will be damaged by repeated freezing. The water used in out
heat pipes still freezes in cold conditions, but it freezes in a controlled way that does not cause swelling
of the copper pipe.

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How to Judge the Quality of Heat Pipe?
Until now, there are hundreds kinds of heat pipes in China now, then how to judge the quality of heat
pipe? In order to show different quality of different heat pipe, bellowed pictures are provided to show the
dangerous of poor quality heat pipe through compare.
First, see the structure of heat pipe. The first photo shows the wrong structure of heat and second photo
is the right structure heat. Why? There are mainly two reasons. First, the bulb of the first type heat pipe is
very big, and some manufacturers may say that the big bulb has a big heat exchange area. But as
mentioned in the page of heat pipe structure and principle that good heat pipe use pure water with some
additives as heat change media under low air pressure, the water inside heat pipe become vapor under
low pressure and then heat is transferred to the bulb and make heat exchange with passed water inside
manifold, and then vapor return to liquid water. For big bulb, some liquid water may left at the corner of
bulb, thus these water becomes “dead” water and will exist at that place forever. For the existing of
“dead water” upside, the heat exchange function will decrease. Other reason it that the heat capacity of
the big bulb is bigger than the second type, and so the instantaneous efficiency is lower than the second
photo showed type, which cause the big bulb type has a slower operation speed.
Second, see the color of heat pipe. As we know, the material of heat pipe must be high quality copper,
so good quality heat pipe will show you a copper yellow color. The second photo shows a copper yellow,
and it is a high quality heat pipe. The third photo shows comparison between good quality heat pipe and
poor quality heat pipe. The former two heat pipe shows a much darker color than the hind two heat pipe.
Why? Main reason is the material contains too much Fe with low cost Fe inside. When been treated
under high temperature, Fe was oxygenized and so the body becomes dark. The body of poor quality
heat pipe feels very rigid, but high quality heat pipe feels very soft.
Third, see the thickness of the cope shell used for heat pipe. Please see the forth photo. Do you know
what happened on the heat pipe? Water Scale? No!!! The reason is the shell is too thin and media inside
leaks outsides and then the heat pipe lost its efficiency. Here, we need to make detailed explanation.
The heat pipe is made by high quality copper and inside the heat pipe is pure water and low air pressure.
After installed, the heat pipe can continuously work for 15 years. Please considering the environment in
which heat pipe works and the evacuated solar collector tubes.What about the temperature inside
vacuum tube under sun? 230~360 oC. There are 0.31, 0.4, 0.5 and 0.6 mm as choice for manufacturers.
Most of them use 0.4 mm copper as heat pipe, and only very few use 0.6 mm copper as the shell of heat
pipe. Thus, the price difference of one heat pipe between 0.4 mm shell and 0.6 mm shell can be $1.00.
The heat pipe in the forth photo use 0.31 mm heat pipe can only work about two years in our lab. Let’s
show the reason. First, as we know, if the material is too thin, to manufacture it will be a hard work. When
the copper is made to a thickness of 0.4 mm, some burrs and capillary holes form on the heat pipe body.
At beginning, the 0.4 mm heat pipe can work normally, but works under high temperature for long time,
for the capillary holes become bigger and bigger, and also for a Chinese saying “Constant water drop
makes a hole on stone”, only the circumfluence water from bulb will make a channel on the inner side of
the heat pipe, and the copper shell will become thinner and thinner. At last, the shell was broken and
media inside flows out. Besides, if we make thicker shell, burrs and capillary holes will be fewer for
thicker shell is easy to manufacture. From the “Damage Testing” data of our Lab, the heat pipe with 0.31
mm copper shell can work about 3 years, the heat pipe with 0.4 mm copper shell can work about 5 years,
the heat pipe with 0.5 mm copper shell can work about 10 years and only the heat pipe with 0.6 mm
copper shell can work about 15 years.

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Other information such as the media inside heat pipe and the warranty of heat pipe manufacturer
provided also can help you judge if the heat pipe is good quality heat pipe.
Gaia Solar heat pipe is the heat pipe showed in the second photo, small bulb, uses high quality copper
and the thickness of shell is 0.6 mm and Gaia Solar provide a 10 years warranty on heat pipe. Certainly,
Gaia Solar heat pipe will be a little more expensive than other kinds of heat pipe, but it is a reliable
component when you promote produces in your market.
Now, we have known some basic information on how to judge a good heat pipe and so when you
determine your supplier, you can inquire information on heat pipe from above points. Our suggestion is
to select qualified heat pipe supplier as Gaia Solar, for replacing heat pipe will cost much labor cost. If
your supplier does not have good business reputation, you will lost money and your own business
reputation.
IV. Main Pressure Solar Water Heater

Our high pressure stand alone module is a new type of solar water heater which adopts advanced heat
pipe and all glass vacuum tube technology. Highly efficient vacuum tube adsorbs heat from sunlight and
heat pipe transfers heat to the condenser end of itself. Condenser indirectly contacts with water through
a copper cap and it boils water by releasing heat gained from vacuum tube. The available size of the
tank ranges from 150L to 250L. It has the following features:
1. High pressure storage tank (testing pressure=9 bar)
2. No vent and less heat loss as compared to low pressure model
3. Highly efficient heat pipe technology
4. No water introduced into vacuum tube
5. No sealing rubber is needed and hence no leaking problem
6. Easy plug-in installation
7. Anti-freeze
Heat Tube (mm)

Volume Absorb Weight FOB Price Load Quan.
Model
(L /G) Area (m2) (KG) USD/EUR 20/40
L D Num.
MP-1800 Type
MP-18-1800 1800 58 18 150 / 40 1.44 100 40/82
MP-20-1800 1800 58 20 165 / 44 1.60 111 Please 35/72
contact
MP-24-1800 1800 58 24 200 / 53 1.92 133 30/61
us
MP-30-1800 1800 58 30 250 / 66 2.40 166 25/50

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V. Split Solar Collector and System (Hot)
Split Solar Water Heating System uses electric pumps, valves, and controllers to circulate water or other
heat-transfer fluids through the collectors. Evacuated Tube Collectors can be used in either closed-loop
or open-loop configurations, although we advise that a closed loop system is better since it will prevent
corrosion or scale shaping in the collector manifold. A closed system will therefore make the life of the
collector much longer.
Key Components of Split Solar System

A. Heat Pipe Solar Collector
The heat pipe solar collector is always connected with existing heating supply device. The selective
coating on the inner cover of the evacuated tubes converts solar energy into heat energy and transfers
heat to the heat pipes by aluminum fins. The liquid in the heat pipe changes into vapor which rises to the
condenser. The heat then passes through the heat exchanger and the vapor becomes liquid, returning to
the base of the heat pipe. The heat conducts to the heat transfer liquid (anti-freezing liquid or water) via a
copper pipe. This transference of heat into the liquid creates a continuous circulation as long as the
collector is heated by the sun, as showed in the second picture.
The first picture showed the structure of the inner tank we use, and there are some small copper pipes
welded well on the big horizontal copper pipe. These small copper pipes contact with heat pipe directly
and realize heat exchange. The inner tank structure bear a pressure test of 10 bars for more then thirty
minutes to prove its safety of not leakage. By this design, the heat exchange liquid in the system do not
contact heat pipe directly and thus, the whole system is very safe. And this design can be called “Easy
Plug In” type, which means when installation, you only need to plug the heat tubes (Tube+ Aluminum
Fins + Heat Pipe) in the manifold and installation finished, which will largely reduce you labor cost.
1. Internationally certified product
2. Reliable, efficient, twin-glass evacuated tubes
3. Copper heat pipes for rapid heat transfer
4. Easy plug-in installation
5. Maintenance Free
6. Suitable for mains pressure water (up to 8 bar/116psi)
7. Corrosion resistant silver brazed copper header

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8. All stainless steel frame (SUS304)
9. SUS304 or black/silver aluminum Casing
10. Stable solar conversion throughout the day
11. The perfect solar collector for domestic solar water heater systems
12. Ideal for commercial solar water heating applications
13. Comprehensive 10 year limited warranty
Technical data for Heat Pipe solar collector

Type name SP-12-1800HT SP-16-1800HT
Dimension of Collector (mm) 1020 x 1980 x 140 1340 x 1980 x 140
Tubes Type L1800/φ58 Evacuated Solar Collector Tubes
Number of Tubes 12 16
2
Gross area 2m 2.65 m2
2
Aperture area 0.68 m 0.91 m2
2
Absorber area 0.98 m 1.31 m2
Weight empty 23 kg 31 kg
Fluid content 1.00 L 1.33 L
Material of manifold Shell SS202. thickness=0.6mm/Aluminum, thickness=1.2mm
Material of frame SS202 or Aluminum , Thickness=1.2mm
Heat transfer medium: Water-Glycol/Pure water
water/oil/other
Absorber
Materials Glass
Surface treatment Graded AlN/SS –AlN/Cu on glass
Construction type Evacuated double glass tube, Heat-conducting metal sheet,
Heat pipe Cu
Dimensions Diameter: φ 58 mm; Length: 1.800 m
Thermal insulation and casing
Thermal insulation thickness Average 20 mm
Insulation material Polyurethane + Glass wool
Aperture dimensions 12 * 0.033 m * 1.735 m 16 * 0.033 m * 1.735 m
Sealing material Silicon rubber
Limitations
Maximum operation temperature 250 ℃
Maximum operation pressure 6 bar
Guarantee
Heat Pipe/Evacuated Tubes 10 years
Frames Etc. 10 years
Load Quantity (20C/40C/40HC) 120/250/270 92/200/228

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Type name SP-20-1800HT SP-24-1800HT
Dimension of Collector (mm) 1720 x 1980 x 140 2040 x 1980 x 140
Number of Tubes 20 24
2
Gross area 3.4 m 4 m2
Aperture area 1.14 m2 1.38 m2
2
Absorber area 1.63 m 1.97 m2
Weight empty 47.5 kg 57 kg
Fluid content 1.67 L 2L
water/oil/other
Absorber
Materials Glass
Surface treatment Graded AlN/SS -AlN/Cu on glass
Heat pipe Cu
Aperture dimensions 20 * 0.033 m * 1.735 m 24 * 0.033 m * 1.735 m
Limitations
Guarantee
Load Quantity (20C/40C/40HC) 75/155/170 63/130/140

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Type name SP-30-1800HT
Dimension of Collector (mm) 2440 x 1980 x 140
Number of Tubes 30
Gross area 4.83 m2
Aperture area 1.72 m2
Absorber area 2.45 m2
Weight empty 69.5 kg
Fluid content 2.51 L
water/oil/other
Absorber
Materials Glass
Heat pipe Cu
Aperture dimensions 30 * 0.033 m * 1.735 m
Limitations
Guarantee
Load Quantity (20C/40C/40HC) 46/100/112

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B． U Tube Solar Collector
Technical Data Sheet for U Tube Solar Collector
Type name SP-15-2100UT
Dimension of Collector (mm) 1270 x 2280 x 140
Tube Structure 3.3 Borosilicate glass coaxial AR double-layer tubes
Number of Tubes 15
Gross area 2.89 m2
Aperture area 0.98 m2
Absorber area 1.4 m2
Weight empty 35 kg
Fluid content 1.25 L
Material of manifold Shell Aluminum, thickness=1.2mm
Material of frame Aluminum , Thickness=1.2mm
water/oil/other
Absorber
Materials Glass
Heat pipe Cu
Absorptance 0.94~0.96
Emittance < 5% (100°C)
Vacuum P≤5×10-3pa
Transmittance of Outer Tube 0.95
Heat-loss coefficient ≤0.6w/ (m2)
Bearing hailstone ability Hailstone diameter Ф33.3mm-151g
U pipe
U Tube material Copper
U Tube Outer Diameter 8mm
Aperture dimensions 15 * 0.033 m * 1.98 m
Limitations
Guarantee
U Pipe/Evacuated Tubes 10 years
Load Quantity (20 C) 45

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C. Storage Water Tank
Gaia solar uses high quality water tank as its storage water tank to realize high quality solar system. The
inner tank adopts imported porcelain enamel material. It composes of three layers. That’s non-metal
inner layer, mixed layer and alloy steel layer. It’s good in intension, high pressure resistance, corrosion
resistance and heat and cold compact resistance.
Non-metal inner layer has smooth surface. One metal film is coated on inner layer and integrated with
inner layer after baking under 870 degree high temperature. It can be expanded with inner layer together
freely and with big magnesium rod inside for protecting tank free of scale.
1. Polyethylene insulation with a fabric casing can be used if polyurethane insulation is not suitable.
2. Tanks are designed for high pressure and so can directly connect mains pressure water supply.
3. Direct connection of copper coil HE to mains pressure water supply is permitted.
4. In most regions, only locally approved heating elements can be used. Heating element parts can be
customized as requiredt. (Female thread-located in top of tank). A sample of the heating element will
need to provide before tanks are manufactured in order to confirm thread.
Photos
Product model 150L 200L 250L

Inner vessel diameter(mm) Φ368 Φ438 Φ542
Tank dimension(mm) φ450 φ520 φ620
Material& thickness of inner vessel BTC340R 1.8 BTC340R 2.0 BTC340R 2.0
Galvanized Galvanized Galvanized
Material & thickness of shell
sheet 0.5 sheet 0.5 sheet 0.5
Insulation thickness(mm) 40 40 40
Surface area of upper heat exchanger (m2) -- 0.4 0.4
Surface area of bottom heat exchanger (m2) 0.6 0.6 0.7
Size of water pipe NPT3/4’’ NPT3/4’’ NPT3/4’’
Additional electrical heater 1.5kw 1.5kw 1.5kw
Overall dimension(mm) φ450*1570 φ520*1530 φ620*1280
Packing size(mm) 480*480*1665 550*550*1625 655*655*1375
Weight (kg) 58 68 75

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Photos
Product model 300L 400L 500L

Inner vessel diameter(mm) Φ542 Φ613 Φ613
Tank dimension(mm) φ620 φ710 φ710
Material& thickness of inner vessel BTC340R 2.0 BTC340R 2.5 BTC340R 2.5
Galvanized Galvanized Galvanized
Material & thickness of shell
sheet 0.5 sheet 0.5 sheet 0.5
Insulation thickness(mm) 40 50 50
Surface area of upper heat exchanger (m2) 0.4 0.5 0.5
Surface area of bottom heat exchanger (m2) 0.7 0.8 0.8
Size of water pipe NPT3/4’’ NPT3/4’’ NPT3/4’’
Additional electrical heater 2.5kw 2.5kw 2.5kw
Overall dimension(mm) φ620*1530 φ710*1580 φ710*1715
Packing size(mm) 655*655*1625 740*740*1675 740*740*1800
Weight (kg) 95 112 122
Tank Price with different configurations
Type 150 200 250 300 400 500

Length of one heat
12 14 14 14 16 16
exchanger coil (m)
Length of two heat
-- 22 -- 22 26 26
exchanger coils (m)
Quote for tank with one
coil (USD/EUR)
Please contact us
Quote for tank with two
coils (USD/EUR)
Note: coils are made of best copper and the tanks’ price will be adjusted if the copper and steel market
has price fluctuation.
Each tank is equipped with an electrical heater of 1.5kw or 2.5kw (see the first table), thermostat, P/T
valve, drainage valve, one-way valve and Mg. stick.

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D. Controller and Solar Energy Station
In order to realize suitable combination with high quality Gaia Solar collector, Gaia Solar has discussed
with Resol (www.resol.de) and successfully become special customer of Resol in China. When making
solar thermal system, we suggest you select Resol controller or pump station as your core components,
and you can purchase from your local Resol Agent or our company.
First, information on controller
As soon as the temperature of the collector exceeds the store temperature, the controller activates the
circulation pump and the heat medium liquid transports the heat, taken up at the collector, into the hot
water store (constant differential temperature regulation).
Conventional heating systems ensure a required after-heating within the store. Because of the easy
integration into building techniques and an average life expectation of more than 25 years, solar systems
are an ideal complement to modern heating technology. RESOL differential temperature controllers are
used in solar, heating and air-conditioning systems to initiate switching processes depending on thermal,
hydraulic and environmental conditions.
In general, the controller monitors the determined temperature differences of the sensors and compares
them to the given set temperature differences. The controller is switched on if the adjusted temperature
difference is exceeded. The system is controlled by one or more relays. Pumps or electric valves may be
connected to these relays. Precision temperature sensors are used for measuring purposes. Those
sensors are available in various mechanical versions and are interchangeable. (Standard Resol pump
station is integrated with corresponding controller.)
Controller Options
DeltaSol AX Full kit
For solar-, heating- and air conditioning systems; anti-freeze function
and minimum-or maximum temperature limitation; adjustable
temperature difference; can be activated via Dip switch
Incl. Incl. accessory bag DeltaSol A, 1* FKP6, 1.5m; 1*FRP6, 2.5m, two
temperature sensors.
Quotation: Please contact us
Solar controller for application in simple solar systems.

DeltaSol BS/1 Illuminated system-monitoring-display with system schemes stored,
DeltaSol BS/3 pictograms, a 4-digit alpha-numerical display (16 segments) and a
4-digit numerical display (7 segments) for presentation of temperatures
as well as control and adjustment parameters.
Pushbuttons for precise operation and modification of controller
parameters. Adjustable options just as cooling function, collector safety
shutdown, tube collector special function, heat quantity balancing,
antifreeze function. Function control according to BAW-guidelines.
Equipment:
Plastic housing, 173*110*47mm; LC-system-monitoring display with
illuminated background, 1 control lamp (2-coloured); manual operation
by software ;
1 semi-conductor replay output (speed pump controlled) for BS/1;
2 standard replays output for BS/3,.
1 accessory bag DeletaSol BS inl. 2 temperature sensors Pt1000 for
BS/1(1*FKP6, 1*FRP6) or 3 temperature sensor for BS/3 (1* FKP6,
2*FRP6); FKP6, silicon cable 1.5m; FRP6, PUR-cable 2.5m.
Quotation for BS/1: Please contact us
Quotation for BS/3: Please contact us

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Pump Station Options
Standard single-line solar pump station for integration into a solar return line.
FlowCon A The pump station is available with either the RESOL DeltaSol AX or
DeltaSol BS controller. The most important hydraulic components required
for the operation of a solar system are already mounted for easy and quick
installation.
z Solar thermal pump WILO Star ST20/6 or ST20/7 (surcharge)
z Size: ca. 200*550*180 mm (inl. insulation)
z Material: Fittings:brass, Sealings:Viton/Teflon,Insulation: EPP
z Flow meter: 1…13 l/min
z Safety bracket with safety valve and manometer
z Filling and flushing connection
z Wall mounting with screws and dowels
z Heat insulation
z Pre-assembled and ready to plug in
FlowCon B Standard two-line solar pump station for integration into a solar return line.
The pump station is available with RESOL DeltaSol BS controller. The most
important hydraulic components required for the operation of a solar system
are already mounted for easy and quick installation.
z Solar thermal pump WILO Star ST20/6 or ST20/7 (surcharge)
z Size: ca. 250*515*240 mm (inl. insulation)
z Material: Fittings:brass, Sealings:Viton/Teflon,Insulation: EPP
z Flow meter: 1…13 l/min (standard) or 0.5...5 l/min
z Pointer thermometers for flow and return
z Return flow line with ball valve and adjustable non-return valve
z Flowmeter with scale
z Safety bracket with safety valve and manometer
z Fill/Drain valve for filling and flushing of the system
z Wall mounting with screws and dowels
z Heat insulation
z Pre-assembled and ready to plug in
E. Expander
We use Zilme Expander from Italy and bellowed information for your reference.
Vol Max Working Pre-filled Diameter Height Valve Package Dimension

(L) Pressure (bar) Pressure(bar) (mm) mm Diameter (mm)
ER5 5 10 1.5 204 225 G3/4 210x210x250

ER8 8 10 1.5 204 300 G3/4 210x210x320
ER12 12 10 1.5 270 300 G3/4 280x280x310
ER18 18 10 1.5 270 410 G3/4 280x280x450

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F. Working Principle of Split Solar System
As above chart shows, the heat collector, heat exchanger and pump 1 of solar energy station constitute
the temperature difference cycle pipeline. When the temperature difference between outlet of the heat
collector and water tank is up to the set value, pump 1 will pump the medium in the pipeline and heat will
transferred to the water tank by the media through the heat exchanger. When the temperature difference
between the heat collector and water tank is up to 2 degree, pump 1 will stop working. The course is
repeated. In addition, pump 2, water tank and water-intake pipeline constitute the temperature cycle
pipeline. When the temperature of the water-intake pipe line drops to the value set by the controller and
the temperature of the water tank is 5 degree above the set value, pump 2 will automatically start and
force the cool water in the pipeline into water tank. The high temperature water in the water tank will mix
with cool water and drop to set value. The electric heater constitutes the auxiliary heat source that
provides heat supplement when solar energy is not enough or there is higher demand on the water
temperature. The whole system collects and analysis signals through the itinerant checking circuit and
controls the start and shutdown of pump 1 and 2 in the solar energy station. The expansion jar, radiator
and safety valve in the solar energy station respectively releases the pressure and limits the temperature
and pressure for the cycle pipeline in order to ensure the safe operation of the cycle system.
Bellowed two charts show the connection method of split solar system.

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Pricing Discounts Structure of Solar Thermal Products
Discount Rating Cumulative Purchase Volume (Number of Units**) % Discount
1 <100 0.0%
2 100-200 2.2%
3 200-500 3.2%
4 500-2000 4.0%
5 2000-5000 4.5%
6 5000+ 5.0%
* Pricing Discounts are based on annual cumulative purchase quantity. If purchase quantity in a given
quarter does not reach 25% of the current discount rating’s required volume, discount rating may be
reduced.

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VI. Solar Pool Heating (Hot)
In a solar pool-heating system, the existing pool filtration
system pumps pool water through the solar collector, and the
collected heat is transferred directly to the pool water. Solar
pool-heating collectors operate just slightly warmer than the
surrounding air temperature and typically use inexpensive,
unglazed, low-temperature collectors made from specially
formulated plastic materials. But now, more and more glazed
(glass-covered) solar collectors are used in pool-heating
applications, including indoor pools, hot tubs, or spas in
colder climates.
In residential applications where the goal is usually to extend This pool, located in a condominium
the swimming season into spring and fall, heating a complex in Oregon, is heated by solar
swimming pool with solar energy requires a solar collector thermal collectors.
that is 50% to 100% of the surface area of the pool. In
general, adding more square footage lengthens the swimming season and allows owners to use the pool
in colder weather. A pool cover or blanket significantly reduces heat loss in a cost-effective manner and
helps maintain warm temperatures for long periods.
A solar pool-heating system costs between $2,000 and $10,000 to buy and install, depending on size.
Costs run between $7- $12 per square foot depending on system design and collection type. This
provides a return on investment between 1.5 and 7 years, depending on the cost of the auxiliary energy
being displaced.
Maintenance of solar pool-heating systems is minimal. The systems are pre-engineered and can be
sized for any pool by simply adding additional solar panels to obtain an adequate solar collector area.
The only moving part on a solar pool-heating system is the diverting valve. This valve controls when the
water circulates through the collector loop. If the collector temperature is sufficiently higher than the
temperature of the water in the pool, water is diverted from the filter systems through the collector loop.
The water bypasses the solar collectors during the night or cloudy periods. Some smaller systems are
operated manually or with timers. Larger systems are operated by electronic sensors and controls.
Solar Pool Projects we have made abroad.

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VII. Concentrating Solar Power (Hot)
Note: Concentrating Solar Power needs huge investment and complex technical design. During
installation and run procession, we need dispatch professional technicians provide reference for
the projection. The projection will cause huge cost for our company and if you do not have real
inquiry or order on this projection, please skip this part.
Concentrating solar power (CSP) technologies use mirrors to

reflect and concentrate sunlight onto receivers that collect the
solar energy and convert it to heat. This thermal energy can
then be used to produce electricity via a steam turbine or
heat engine driving a generator.
Gaia Solar researches and develops this clean, utility-scale

solar thermal technology to foster world's energy security.
Our CSP research and development focuses on the three
CSP technologies mentioned above, as well as thermal The Solar Electric Generating Station
storage and advanced components and systems related. power plant in California consists of many
parallel rows of parabolic trough
A. Linear Concentrator System collectors that track the sun. Cooling
towers can be seen with the water plume
Linear concentrating solar power (CSP) collectors are one of
rising into air, white water tanks are in the
the three types of CSP systems in use today. Here you will
background.
learn about the basic operations of linear CSP collectors,
including the two major types of linear concentrator systems: parabolic trough systems and linear
Fresnel reflector systems.
Linear CSP collectors capture the sun's energy with large mirrors that reflect and focus the sunlight onto
a linear receiver tube. The receiver contains a fluid that is heated by the sunlight and then used to create
superheated steam that spins a turbine that drives a generator to produce electricity. Alternatively, steam
can be generated directly in the solar field, eliminating the need for costly heat exchangers.
Linear concentrating collector fields consist of a large number of collectors in parallel rows that are
typically aligned in a north-south orientation to maximize both annual and summertime energy collection.
With a single-axis sun-tracking system, this configuration enables the mirrors to track the sun from east
to west during the day, ensuring that the sun reflects continuously onto the receiver tubes.
B.Parabolic Trough System

The predominant CSP systems
currently in operation are linear
concentrators using parabolic
trough collectors. Receiver tube is
positioned along the focal line of
each parabola-shaped reflector.
Tube is fixed to mirror structure
and the heated fluid—either a
heat-transfer fluid or water/steam
—flows through and out of the
A linear concentrator power plant using parabolic trough collectors.
field of solar mirrors to where it is
used to create steam (or, for the case of a water/steam receiver, it is sent directly to the turbine).
Currently, the largest individual trough systems generate 80 megawatts of electricity. However, individual
systems being developed will generate 250 megawatts. In addition, individual systems can be collocated
in power parks. This capacity would be constrained only by transmission capacity and availability of
contiguous land area.

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Trough designs can incorporate thermal storage. In such systems, the collector field is oversized to heat
a storage system during the day that can be used in the evening or during cloudy weather to generate
additional steam to produce electricity. Parabolic trough plants can also be designed as hybrids,
meaning that they use fossil fuel to supplement the solar output during periods of low solar radiation. In
such a design, a natural-gas-fired heater or gas-steam boiler/reheater is used. In the future, troughs may
be integrated with existing or new combined-cycle natural-gas- and coal-fired plants.
C. Linear Fresnel Reflector System

A second linear concentrator technology is the
linear Fresnel reflector system. Flat or slightly
curved mirrors mounted on trackers on the
ground are configured to reflect sunlight onto
a receiver tube fixed in space above these
mirrors. A small parabolic mirror is sometimes
added atop the receiver to further focus the
sunlight.
A linear Fresnel reflector power plant
D. Dish/Engine System
The dish/engine system is a concentrating solar power (CSP) technology that produces relatively small
amounts of electricity compared to other CSP technologies—typically in the range of 3 to 25 kilowatts.
Here you will learn about the basic operation of dish/engine systems. A parabolic dish of mirrors directs
and concentrates sunlight onto a central engine that produces electricity. The two major parts of the
system are the solar concentrator and the power conversion unit.
Solar Concentrator
The solar concentrator, or dish, gathers the
solar energy coming directly from the sun.
The resulting beam of concentrated sunlight
is reflected onto a thermal receiver that
collects the solar heat. The dish is mounted
on a structure that tracks the sun
continuously through the day to reflect the
highest percentage of sunlight possible onto
the thermal receiver.
Power Conversion Unit A dish/engine power plant
The power conversion unit includes the thermal receiver and the engine/generator. The thermal receiver
is the interface between the dish and the engine/generator. It absorbs the concentrated beams of solar
energy, converts them to heat, and transfers the heat to the engine/generator. A thermal receiver can be
a bank of tubes with a cooling fluid—usually hydrogen or helium—that typically is the heat-transfer
medium and also the working fluid for an engine. Alternate thermal receivers are heat pipes, where the
boiling and condensing of an intermediate fluid transfers the heat to the engine.
The engine/generator system is the subsystem that takes the heat from the thermal receiver and uses it
to produce electricity. Currently, the most common type of heat engine used in dish/engine systems is
the Stirling engine. A Stirling engine uses the heated fluid to move pistons and create mechanical power.
The mechanical work, in the form of the rotation of the engine's crankshaft, drives a generator and
produces electrical power.
E. Power Tower Systems

Power tower systems are one of the three types of concentrating solar power (CSP) technologies in use
today. Here you will learn about the basic operation of power tower systems. In this CSP technology,
numerous large flat sun-tracking mirrors (heliostats) focus sunlight onto a receiver at the top of a tower.

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A heat-transfer fluid heated in the
receiver will generate steam, which in
turn is in a conventional turbine
generator to make electricity. Some
power towers use water/steam as the
heat-transfer fluid. Commercial plants
can be sized to produce up to 200
megawatts of electricity. Power towers
also offer good longer-term prospects
because of the high solar-to-electrical
conversion efficiency. Additionally,
costs will likely drop as the technology
matures.
F. Thermal Storage A power tower power plant

Thermal energy storage (TES) has
become a critical aspect of any concentrating solar power (CSP) system deployed today.
One challenge facing the widespread use of solar energy is the reduced or curtailed energy production
when the sun sets or is blocked by clouds. Thermal energy storage provides a workable solution to this
challenge. In a CSP system, the sun's rays are reflected onto a receiver, creating heat that is then used
to generate electricity. If the receiver contains oil or molten salt as the heat-transfer medium, then the
thermal energy can be stored for later use. This allows CSP systems to be a cost-competitive option for
providing clean, renewable energy. Presently, steam-based receivers cannot store thermal energy for
later use. Thermal storage research seeks to develop such capabilities.
Several TES technologies have been tested and implemented since 1985. These include the two-tank
direct system, two-tank indirect system, and single-tank thermocline system.
Two-Tank Direct System
Solar thermal energy in this system is stored in the same fluid used
to collect it. The fluid is stored in two tanks—one at high
temperature and the other at low temperature. Fluid from the
low-temperature tank flows through the solar collector or receiver,
where solar energy heats it to the high temperature and it then
flows back to the high-temperature tank for storage. Fluid from the
high-temperature tank flows through a heat exchanger, where it
generates steam for electricity production. The fluid exits the heat
exchanger at the low temperature and returns to the Two-tank direct molten-salt thermal
low-temperature tank. energy storage system
Two-Tank Indirect System
This system functions in the same way as the two-tank direct
system, except different fluids are used as the heat-transfer and
storage fluids. This system is used in plants where the
heat-transfer fluid is too expensive or not suited for use as the
storage fluid. The storage fluid from the low-temperature tank flows
through an extra heat exchanger, where it is heated by the
high-temperature heat-transfer fluid. The high-temperature storage
fluid then flows back to the high-temperature storage tank. The
fluid exits this heat exchanger at a low temperature and returns to
the solar collector or receiver, where it is heated back to the high
Two-tank indirect thermal energy
temperature. Storage fluid from the high-temperature tank is used
storage system
to generate steam in the same manner as the two-tank direct
system. The indirect system requires an extra heat exchanger, which adds cost to the system.

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Single-Tank Thermocline System
This system stores thermal energy in a solid medium—most commonly
silica sand—located in a single tank. At any time during operation, a
portion of the medium is at high temperature and a portion is at low
temperature. The hot- and cold-temperature regions are separated by
a temperature gradient or thermocline.
High-temperature heat-transfer fluid flows into the top of thermocline
and exits the bottom at low temperature. This process moves the
thermocline downward and adds thermal energy to the system for
storage. Reversing the flow moves the thermocline upward and
removes thermal energy from the system to generate steam and
electricity. Buoyancy effects create thermal stratification of the fluid
within the tank, which helps to stabilize and maintain the thermocline.
Using a solid storage medium and only needing one tank reduces the
cost of this system relative to the two-tank systems. Single-tank thermocline thermal
energy storage system.
G. The products for Concentrating Solar Power we can provide
For Fresnel Power Generation System, we can provide Coated Steel Tube
Coated steel tube is our new development, mainly used in the area of solar thermal power generation
system, are the core components of Fresnel power generation system.
The investment and operating costs on Fresnel power generation system is much lower; and utilization
life-span of Fresnel power generation system is longer. It is easier to maintain, for there are no moving
parts in the par of collector. Our coated tube and flat anti-reflective coating glass have been exported to
America, German, Spain and Australia etc.
Also coated steel tube can use in solar energy air-conditioning. It saves more electricity and money.
Absorption and emissivity of our coated steel tube are up to 97% (AM1.5) and 10% (300℃) respectively.
Model and materials of coated steel tube can change on demand of customers.
Test result for Gaia’s coated steel tube from one German testing organization by NOVATEC
Diameter Length Wall Thickness

Model
70mm±0.5mm 2000m±5mm 4mm±0.5mm
Material SUS304
Absorption 97% (AM1.5)
Emissivity 10% (300℃)
FOB Price Please contact us

Gaia Solar Co.,Ltd.
www.gaia-solar.com
1. We do not accept order less than 10 pieces on coated steel tube, please understand;
2. Present type is only 2 meter type and at about June, we can make 4 meter length type;
3. The coated steel tube is used mainly in the Fresnel system. Our clients purchase the coated steel
tubes and weld the tubes together at their country and then use the coated steel tubes in the Fresnel
system. You can see the photo bellowed, a long tube in the sky, and it is our coated steel tubes which are
welded together.
For Parabolic Trough System, we can provide,

Glass-Steel coated tubes and metal reflected mirrors.
Technical datasheet of Glass-Steel coated tubes
Type Glass-Steel Coated Tube

Glass High Borosilicate Glass
Steel SUS304
Diameter and thickness of Outer tube φ=120mm / &=3mm
Diameter and thickness of Inner tube φ=70mm / &=1.5mm
Length 2000 (±10mm) or 4000 (±10mm)
Film AL-N/AL Selective Coating
Deposition Method DC Reactive Sputtering
Performance
Absorptance >93%
Emittance <8%(80℃)
Vacuum Rate P<5×10-5pa
Heat Loss Coefficient ≤0.8

Gaia Solar Co.,Ltd.
www.gaia-solar.com
Test data on the Glass-Steel coated tubes:
Density of axially heat flow ≥ 28MW/ m2
Totall radiation activity ａ: 1.4 * 10-1Bq/g
Effective service life ≥ 150000h
Practical temperature range: 300℃--500℃
Material of the element: nonferrous metal, ferrous metal and other metals can be aitighted
Heat flux≥14MW/ m2•℃
Radiation activity—β: 1.7 * 10-1Bq/g
Mirror
The parabolic mirrors can concentrate sunlight on a line of focus on the High temperature vacuum tube
collector. The aluminiferous is 99.9, reflectivity more than 95, the size could made as the order.
We can make concentrated Solar parabolic trough collector according to the drawings or
requirement according to clients.
Glass-Steel Quotation
Type Photo Mirror Radian
Coated Tube (FOB Tianjin)
As Clients
PT-01 2M 3 M2
Required
Please
contact us
As Clients
PT-11 1.2 M 1 M2
Required
* The quotation is based on full container load order and the price has included the necessary stand
frame cost already.
Others Related Products
Dish/Engine Solar Collector Parabolic Trough Solar Collector Our Real Projection in Beijing
For These products, please send us your detailed requirement and your order quantity, so that we can
calculate quotation for you.

Gaia Solar Co.,Ltd.
www.gaia-solar.com
Part Two: Solar Power Lights
Gaia Solar is the world's leading manufacturer of commercial grade solar powered lighting products and
systems. All of our commercial grade solar powered systems are customized to ensure they meet the
needs of each project.
Gaia Solar develops and markets the most efficient and reliable solar powered systems for lighting
applications including parking lot, street lighting, security lighting, general area lighting, trail and pathway
lighting, outdoor advertising, billboard and sign lighting, and transit applications.
Solar powered systems help people feel safe, lighting up dark areas with dependable off-grid solar
power. The systems can be installed easily with no trenching or wiring. Gaia Solar's systems have the
longest warranty, the most reliable service and the best prices in the industry. Gaia Solar’s customers
have enjoyed millions of hours of trouble-free service.
I. How does Solar Power Lights Work?
A solar panel converts light to electricity. During daylight, this “solar generator” (solar panel) charges
batteries, which store the energy until needed. Tthe energy of the sun is harnessed to product power.
In practice, solar outdoor lighting is a little more complex.
II. What Advantage do Solar Power Lights Have?

Gaia Solar Power Lights systems provide unmatched convenience, reliability and efficiency. Each Gaia
Solar Power Light has its own “power plant” – so you don’t depend on far away generating stations,
transmission lines, substations, switches and transformers. Since each solar electric light operates
autonomously, every light is programmed through its own control system, to turn on and off as needed.
And, in the unlikely event that an individual solar power light fails, no other lights are affected. Solar
systems outperform traditional wired systems hands-down. In a solar installation, initial costs incur for
the self-contained energy collection and storage system. But after that, the energy itself is free! When
compared to the traditional system’s cost for cable, trenching, metering equipment and construction –
plus electric bills continuing forever – the solar system’s advantages can be dramatic and immediate.
1. No trenching, no metering, no wiring
2. Cost savings from day one due to ease of installation
3. People feel safer when areas are illuminated
4. Can be installed in the most remote locations
5. No cost for daily operation
6. Free energy once installed – no electric bills.
7. Not connected to grid power – will work even when electric power is out
8. Will turn on even after cloudy days

Gaia Solar Co.,Ltd.
www.gaia-solar.com
III. What Advantages of our Solar Lights are?
1. The light requires PV panels to make power, we manufacture the panels by ourselves, our PV panels
passed the CE and TUV SAFETY CLASS II certificates.
2. We make special superficial treatment for the light pole, pot galvanizing and plastic coating, the client
can appoint the color.
3. Though the price of steel goes up dramatically, we still insist of using the best steel (Q235A steel,
5mm thick) from one of the biggest steel company in China.
4. Our products are tested under most serious situations. Since there is no official standard for solar
lights, for example, most of the lighting factories will test the product under 10 level wind, while our lights
are tested under 12 level wind and can resist it.
5. There is a Chinese local certificate brought out by some scientific organization, it’s called “stand-alone
PV system for Solar Home System (including solar lights) ”. It verifies the design power of an individual
system. The certificate is following the testing requirements of “IEC62124-2004”.
6. We developed a designing system cooperated with a Chinese government research organization,
which will help us to polish the light details according to the climate and geographic situations of the
location of light installation.
IV. Design the most Suitable Solar Light Configurations for the Client:
In order to achieve the best performance of the light and save the cost as much as possible, we
generally design and recommend lights to our clients case by case.
The following information is important for the designing:
1. Geographic Location: Different geographic locations have different solar insolation which determines
the size of the required solar panels
2. The Application: for example, to design a solar street light standing along with a road, we need to
know the lighting range, that is, how wide is the road, how big is the distance between each two
lights, are the lights standing on both sides of the road or in the middle…
3. Preferred Bulb: in the fast few years, Low Pressure Sodium (LPS) or High Pressure Sodium(HPS)
were used widely, now, since the technology of LED and LVD lamps is very mature and
development, they are more energy-saving and welcomed more. With the same power, a LED may
have higher lighting power, so, in order to achieve a same light performance, we can choose a LED
with a lower power than a LPS, and in this way, we can equip fewer PV modules and smaller
batteries, to cut down the total costs.
4. Running Time: Number of hours you need the lights to be on each night. Examples: Dusk to Dawn,
12 hours, 6 hours, split time controllers (4 hours after dusk & 2 hours before dawn), etc.
5. Fixture Model: We have a variety of standard fixtures and shapes available. Or the client can appoint
a shape and we can make it after the appointed design.
6. Working models: in traditional designs, the lamp of the light is working with full power, but now,
people care more about how to save more energy. in many countries, there is an energy-saving
design which makes the lamp in the former half night work with full-power and then work with
half-power in the later half night, since in during the night after 1 or 2:00 am, people or cars on the
roads would be routinely fewer. For example, if the light has a 40w LED lamp, it will work with 40w
for the first 4 hours, and work with 20w for the rest 4 hours. In this design, the light will need fewer
PV modules and smaller batteries than a light with a 40w lamp working with full power.
So you can see, there won’t be standard solar lights recommendation for all the countries and clients.
Here, we only listed out common types for your reference (on the basis of Beijing insolution situations). If
you are interested in our products, please contact us and we will design for you individually.
Notes:
The quotes in the following tables are for orders around 50 sets, the price would be higher for sample
order, and will be lower for bigger quantity.
Besides, considering the big volume and weight of poles for street lights or courtyard lights and the great
shipping fee for poles, clients can make the poles locally with our design graph, and we will quote and
offer the resting parts of the lights.
Gaia Solar Co.,Ltd.
www.gaia-solar.com
I. Solar Street Lights (SL Series)
A. Solar Street Lights with Tricolor Energy Saving Lamps (CFL)
6M Type (Type No.: SL-6A)
FOB Quote
Styles Configurations
USD / EUR
Bulb:18W DC Tricolor Energy Saving Lamp
Working Hours:8 hours
Continuously Rainy Days:4 rainy days
Height of Pole:6M
Solar Panel:2 * 35W/17V Please
Battery: 2 * 12V/40AH maintenance-free acid-lead batteries contact us
Controller: Against over-charging & over-discharging; time
switch or light switch
Pole: High quality roll steel, plastic-coated and pot galvanizing
Battery Box Location: Underground
8M Type (Type No.: SL-8A)

FOB Quote
USD / EUR

Height of Pole:8M
10M Type (Type No. : SL-10A)

FOB Quote
USD / EUR
Bulb: 45W DC Tricolor Energy Saving Lamp

Working Hours: 8 hours
Continuously Rainy Days: 4 rainy days
Height of Pole:10M
Solar Panel: 2 * 90W/17V Please
Battery:2 * 12V/100AH maintenance-free acid-lead batteries contact us

Gaia Solar Co.,Ltd.
www.gaia-solar.com
B. Solar Street Lights with LED Lamps
6M Type (Type No. : SL-6B)
FOB Quote
USD / EUR
SL-6B1
Bulb: 20W DC LED bulb
Height of Pole: 6M
Solar Panel: 2 * 40W/17V
Battery: 2 * 12V/50AH maintenance-free acid-lead batteries
Pole: High quality roll steel, plastic-coated and pot galvanizing Please
Battery Box Location: Underground contact us
SL-6B2
Working Hours:8 hours (In the former 4 hours, whole power
output, in the hind 4 hours, half power output )
Height of Pole:6M
Solar Panel:2 * 45W/17V
Battery:2 * 12V/50AH maintenance-free acid-lead batteries
8M Type (Type No. : SL-8B)

FOB Quote
USD / EUR
SL-8B1
Height of Pole:8M
Pole: High quality roll steel, plastic-coated and pot galvanizing Please
Battery Box Location: Underground contact us
SL-8B2
Working Hours:8 hours (In the former 4 hours, whole power
Height of Pole:8M

Gaia Solar Co.,Ltd.
www.gaia-solar.com
10M Type (Type No.: SL-10B)
FOB Quote
USD / EUR
SL-10B1
Bulb:50W DC LED bulb
Height of Pole:10M
Please
contact us
SL-10B2
Bulb:60W DC LED bulb
Working Hours: 8 hours (In the former 4 hours, whole power
Height of Pole:10M
C. Solar Street Lights with LPS Lamps

6M Type (Type No.: SL-6C)
FOB Quote
USD / EUR
Bulb: 18W DC LPS bulb

Height of Pole: 6M

Gaia Solar Co.,Ltd.
www.gaia-solar.com
8M Type (Type No.: SL-8C)
FOB Quote
USD / EUR
Bulb:36W DC LPS bulb

Height of Pole:8M
Battery:2 * 12V/80AH maintenance-free acid-lead batteries contact us
10M Type (Type No. : SL-10C)

FOB Quote
USD / EUR
Bulb:55W DC LPS bulb

Height of Pole:10M

Gaia Solar Co.,Ltd.
www.gaia-solar.com
D. Type Solar Street Lights with Electrodeless Discharge Lamp (LVD)
6M Type (Type No. : SL-6D)
FOB Quote
USD / EUR
Bulb: 23W DC Electrodeless Discharge Lamp

Height of Pole: 6M
8M Type (Type No.: SL-8D)

FOB Quote
USD / EUR
Bulb: 40W DC Electrodeless Discharge Lamp
Height of Pole:8M
10M Type (Type No.: SL-10D)

FOB Quote
USD / EUR
Bulb: 40W + 23W DC LVD Lamp (two light sources)

Height of Pole:10M

Gaia Solar Co.,Ltd.
www.gaia-solar.com
E. Solar Street Lights with Wind Turbines

FOB Quote
( USD / EUR)
Type No. : SL-5E
Lamp: 40W DC Electrodeless Discharge Lamp
Height: 5 M
Working Hours: 6 Hours
Continuously Rainy Days: 4 Days
Solar Panel: 2 * 70 W Monocrystalline Solar Module
Controller: Against over-charging and over-discharging; time
Please
Type No. : SL-8E contact us
Lamp: 60W DC Electrodeless Discharge Lamp
Height 8M
Continuously Rainy Days: 3 Days
Solar Panel: 2 * 45 W Monocrystalline Solar Module
Controller: Against over-charging and over-discharging; time

Gaia Solar Technology (Shanghai) Co.,Ltd
www.gaia-solar.com
- 41 -
II. Solar Courtyard Lights (CL Series)

A. Solar Courtyard Lights with Tricolor Energy Saving Lamps (CFL)
FOB Quote
USD / EUR
One Light Source Type No.: CL-A101
-CFL Height of Pole: 3.5 M
Battery: 1 * 12V/60AH maintenance-free acid-lead battey
Continuously Rainy Days: 4 days
Controller: Protect against over-charging & over-discharging;
Time switch or light switch
Please
Battery Location: Underground
contact us
Type No.: CL-A102
Height of Pole: 3.5 M
Battery: 1 * 12V/50AH maintenance-free acid-lead battery
Type No.: CL-A103
Bulb: 9W DC Tricolor Energy Saving Lamp
Two Light Sources Type No.: CL-A201
-CFL Height of Pole: 3.5 M
Bulb: 2 * 7W DC Tricolor Energy Saving Lamp
Battery: 1 * 12V/65AH maintenance-free acid-lead battery Please
contact us
Type No.: CL-A202
Bulb: 2 * 5W DC Tricolor Energy Saving Lamp

www.gaia-solar.com
- 42 -
B. Solar Courtyard Lights with LED Lamps
FOB Quote
USD / EUR
One Light Source
Type No.: CL-B101
- LED Height of Pole: 3.5 M
Bulb: 7W DC LED Lamp
Please
contact us
Type No.: CL-B102
Height of Pole: 3 M
Bulb:5W DC LED Lamp
Two Light Sources Type No.: CL-B201

- LED Height of Pole: 3.5 M
Bulb: 2 * 7W DC LED Lamp
Type No.: CL-B202

Bulb: 2 * 5W DC LED Lamp Please
Solar Panel: 1 * 40W/17V contact us
Type No.: CL-B203

Two Light Sources - LED
Height of Pole: 3 M
Bulb: 2 * 3W DC LED Lamp
Battery: 1 * 12V/24AH maintenance-free acid-lead batteriy

www.gaia-solar.com
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III. Solar Garden Lights (GL series)

Price
No. Photo Introduction
(USD/EUR)
PV modules：17V/4.6W
Light source：1W/12V LED light
Batteries: lead-acid 12V/4AH battery, round shape Φ240
Switch control: time and light control
GL-1
Working time: 6 hours/day; Continual rainy days: 3days
Light source height：660MM
Facial treatment:Pot galvanizing, and plastic spraying
Light body：Cast aluminium
Solar light：1W/12V LED light
Batteries: lead-acid 12V/4AH batteries,round shape Φ240
GL-2
Working time: 6 hours/day; Continual rainy days: 3days
Facial treatment:Pot galvanizing, and plastic spraying
Please
Light body：Cast aluminium
contact us
Solar light：0.6W /12V LED light
Batteries: nickel-hydrogen battery 12V/4AH,
GL-3 roundshape Φ100
Working time: 6 hours/day;Continual rainy days: 3days
- Light source height：696MM
Solar light：1W/12V LED light
Batteries: lead-acid 12V/4AH batteries, round shape
Φ240
GL-4
Working time: 6 hours/day
Continual rainy days: 3days
The detailed installation guide of power lights is ready for you if you need. Please contact us.

www.gaia-solar.com
- 44 -
IV. Solar Traffic Lights (TL Series)
TL-1 Solar Yellow Flash Light (Flash Warning Light)
PV panels 17V/10W
Load output (average output) 12V/6W（1.5W）
Battery Gel battery Ops12-35
Continual rainy days 10 days
Light source shape Round- ∮300mm
Light source color Yellow（wave length :590mm）

There are 113 pcs of super-bright yellow LED arrayed on the board,
Light source illumination
and the central brightness is no less than a 60w incandescent lamp.
Duty ratio of flash 20%
Size of lamp case 370*370*200（mm）

It follows the standard red-green traffic light case, made with
Lamp case polycarbonate engineering plastic. It’s beautiful in shape and also
strong, light, anti-aging, anti-rust and well sealed.
Working hours per day 24 hours
Post and arm Post height:6M; arm length:3M.
Protection level IP65
Please contact us (with post and arm)
FOB Quote
Please contact us (without post and arm)

www.gaia-solar.com
- 45 -
Solar Traffic Signal Light (TL-2 Vertical Type)
PV panels 2 pcs of 34V/86W
Battery 2 pcs of Gel battery Ops12-137
Light source power 24V/21W super bright LED lamp
Light source shape Arrow shape
Light source panel Three-color panel
Continual rainy days 7 days
Light source size ∮400mm
Two-phrase (incl. a signaler, a sender, 4 receiver
Signal electrical combo
and a controller box)
Working hours per day 24 hours
Post height 4.5M
Protection level IP65
Quote Please contact us (whole light)
Traffic Signal Light TL-3 Horizontal Type TL-4 Mobile Type

Photos
PV panels 2 pcs of 34V/127W 18V/42W

Battery 2 pcs of Gel battery Ops12-411×2 Gel battery Ops12-56
Light source power 24V/21W super bright LED lamp 12V/21W super bright LED lamp
Light source shape Arrow shape Full-screen signal light
Light source panel -- Three-color panel
Continual rainy days 7days 3 days
Light source size ∮400mm ∮200mm
Four-phrase (incl. a signaler, a
Signal electrical combo --
sender, 4 receivers, a controller box)
Working hours per day 24 hours 8 hours
Post and arm Post height:6.8M; arm length:6M. Post height: 2M
Protection level IP65 IP65
Quote Please contact us

www.gaia-solar.com
- 46 -
Please contact us
V. Solar Power Lights Projects
Binzhou “Four Rings and Five Seas” Park beaches of the Yangtze River Park beaches of the Yangtze River
of tour ecology park in Chuzhou Solar Lights Projects in Anqing Solar Lights Projects
Park beaches of the Yellow River Park beaches of the Yangtze River Beijing Huairou Wild West Lake town
Solar Lights Projects in Anqing Solar Lights Projects scenic spot Solar Lights Projects
Xiamen Gulangyu scenic spot Solar Changhe Park solar garden lamps Lights Dezhou Economic and Development
Lights Projects Projects Zone Scenic Park Lights Project
State Road 104 line Solar Streetlamp DaYan Island Solar Street Lights Zhenjiang motorway and Chengde street
Lights Projects Projections solar traffic signal lamps project

www.gaia-solar.com
- 47 -
VI. Portable Solar Power Station
Portable Solar Power Station

Type PSPS-01
Peak Power 20W
Peak Voltage 18V（Series Connect）
Battery Voltage 12V
Battery Capacity 18AH
Direct Output DC12V
Weight 12.8KG
Output Power 100W
Quotation (FOB ) Please contact us
Portable Solar Power Station

Type PSPS-02
Peak Power 25W
Peak Voltage 18V（Series Connect）
Battery Voltage 12V
Battery Capacity 22AH
Output Voltage AC220V/DC12V
Output Power 320W
Quotation (FOB) Please contact us
Pricing Discounts Structure of Solar Lights Products
Discount Rating Cumulative Purchase Volume (Number of Units) % Discount
1 <20 0.0%
2 20-100 5%
3 100-500 8%
4 500-1000 10%
5 1000- 13%

www.gaia-solar.com
- 48 -
Part Three: Solar Photovoltaic Module
I. How Solar Cells are Made

Solar cells are composed of various semiconductor materials. Semiconductor materials become
electronically conductive when supplied with light or heat, but which operate as insulators at low
temperatures. The most important material has been silicon, which is the second most abundant
element in the earth’s crust in the form of silica (quartz). It dominates the present world market,
particularly in its crystalline form. There are a host of other solar cell technologies like Amorphous Silicon,
Cadmium Telluride, Copper Indium Diselenide, besides Gallium Arsenide and Indium Phosphide.
II. Crystalline Silicon Solar Cell
The most commercially successful technologies are based on Single (Mono) or Poly (Multi) Crystal, and
they imply screen print processes for metallization and are used at all Gaia Solar plants.
The life cycle of Solar Cells start with silica (quartz). Silica is Silicon Dioxide, which is reduced in a blast
furnace where it is called metallurgical grade, and than further purified to obtain high purity silicon
equivalent to electronic grade, which is used as “Feedstock” for making the silicon wafer. These
feedstocks are melted in a crucible and either pulled/grown as a cylinder (single crystal) or directionally
solidified (poly crystal).
During the melt process a small quantity of Boron is mixed to make the silicon p-type. They are called
ingots or bricks, which is shaped/cut to more appropriate geometries. After shaping, ingots or bricks are
sawn into thin slices called wafers by inner diameter blade sawing or continuous wire cutting.
III. Etching and Texturing
Wafers are cleaned with industrial soaps and then etched using hot sodium hydroxide to remove saw
damage. Monocrystalline wafers are further etched in a hot solution of sodium hydroxide and
isopropanol to form square – based pyramids also called texture. The texturization helps reduce the
reflection of sunlight. The same process doesn’t work as well in the case of polycrystalline wafer.

www.gaia-solar.com
- 49 -
IV. Diffusion and Edge Isolation
Since the wafers are pre-doped with boron (p-type), an n-type material is diffused into the wafer, to
achieve n-p junction, Phosphorous is the usual diffusing and is achieved by subjecting the wafers at high
temperature to a phosphorous source like phosphoric acid, phosphorus oxychloride, etc… Phosphorous
diffuses not only into the desired wafer surface but also into the side and the opposite surface, to some
extent. This gives a shunting path between the cell front and rear. Removal of the path around the wafer
edge, “edge junction isolation, is performed by “coin stacking” the cells and exposing them to a plasma
etching chamber to remove exposed edges.
V. Anti-Reflection Coating
To further reduce the surface reflection, an anti-reflection coating (ARC) is done on the surface like
silicon nitride, titanium oxide, etc… One of the best ARC is silicon nitride deposited by Plasma Enhanced
Chemical Vapor Deposition (PECVD) technique. The process not only deposits a layer of ARC but also
improves the electronic properties of the silicon by injecting hydrogen and provides the passivation,
useful to improve silicon quality.
VI. Metallization
Silver is the most widely used metal for contact formation due to its solderability. Silver in the form of a
paste is screen printed onto the front and the rear. In Addition, aluminum paste is also used onto the rear
to achieve Back Surface Field (BSF), which improves the performance of the solar cell. These metal
pastes are subsequently heated above the alloying temperature to form a good ohmic contact.
VII. A Simplified Explanation Of How The Solar Cell Works
Essentially, the photons carrying the sun’s light energy are absorbed in the cell; some of the photons
have enough energy to separate electrons from a silicon atom in the cell. That liberated electrons exits
the cell as energy, do some useful work (like light a room) and returns to re-join the solar cell and
complete the circuit. The challenge is to maximize that process and generate a lot of electricity.
Under a typical sunny day, one square meter surface of solar cells exposed to the sun around noontime
will receive approximately 1,000 W. Gaia Solar’s multi/mono silicon cells convert roughly 14%/15% of
this into electricity; therefore one square meter of multi cells will generate about 150 electr
VIII. Other technologies have different conversion efficiencies ic Watts in full sunshine.
Amorphous silicon (Tandem) 6% - 7%
Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) thin film 8% - 10%
Multi (or Poly) crystalline silicon 12% - 15%
Mono-crystalline silicon (SiN) 13% - 16%

Bellowed show detailed specification on our solar module (we make solar PV panels from 5w to 280w.
We don’t list out all the information about all the types. Please contact us for details about a certain type).
(All modules are CE, IEC61215 and TUV safety class II certificated)

www.gaia-solar.com
- 50 -
I . Most Common Types Available in 2009

Dimensions Weights
Model Pmax(W) Imp(A) Vmp(V) Isc(A) Voc(V)
(mm) (kg)
280 7.95 35.2 8.33 44.8
PV260-24/6 * 270 7.71 35 8.2 44.5 1956*992*50 23
260 7.47 34.8 8.09 44
210 7.95 26.4 8.33 33.6

PV200-18/6 200 7.63 26.2 8.12 33.4 1482*992*50 17.6
190 7.31 26 7.89 33
185 5.09 36.4 5.43 45

PV180-24/5 1580*808*50 16.8
180 5 36 5.29 44.8
180 4.97 36.2 5.26 45
175 4.87 35.9 5.18 44.7

PV175-24/5 1580*808*50 16.8
170 4.79 35.5 5.11 44.4
165 4.69 35.2 5.04 43.9
140 7.95 17.6 8.33 22.4

PV130-12/6 1476*670*40 13
130 7.43 17.5 8.04 22.2
130 7.47 17.4 8.09 22

PV120-12/6 1476*670*40 13
120 6.9 17.4 7.54 21.8
PV100-12/6 100 5.75 17.4 6.34 21.6 1250*670*40 12
PV90-12/5 90 5.03 17.9 5.53 22.3 1196*546*40 8.5
85 4.78 17.8 5.11 22.2

PV85-12/5 1196*546*40 8.5
80 4.57 17.5 4.9 21.9
70 4.05 17.3 4.44 21.6

PV70-12/6 816*670*40 6.5
65 3.76 17.3 4.12 21.6

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Model Pmax(W) Imp(A) Vmp(V) Isc(A) Voc(V) D(mm) W(kg)

65 3.74 17.4 4.12 21.6
PV60-12/6 816*670*40 6.5
60 3.45 17.4 3.9 21.6
55 3.16 17.4 3.49 21.6
PV50-12/6 880*510*40 6
50 2.88 17.4 3.17 21.6
45 2.56 17.6 2.79 22
PV40-12/6 576*670*40 5.5
40 2.3 17.4 2.58 21.8
45 2.56 17.6 2.79 22
PV40-12/5 630*541*28 5
40 2.3 17.4 2.58 21.8
PV35-12/6 35 2.01 17.4 2.22 21.6 816*356*28 4
PV30-12/6 30 1.74 17.2 1.94 21.6 816*356*28 4
PV25-12/6 25 1.42 17.6 1.58 21.7 676*356*28 3
PV20-12/6 20 1.14 17.6 1.26 21.7 592*346*28 2.7
PV20-12/5 20 1.14 17.6 1.26 21.7 656*306*28 2.7
PV15-12/6 15 0.87 17.4 0.95 21.6 426*346*28 2
PV10-12/6 10 0.57 17.4 0.65 21.6 301*356*28 1.4
PV10-12/5 10 0.57 17.4 0.65 21.6 356*301*28 1.4
PV5-12/6 5 0.29 17.4 0.32 21.6 266*276*28 1
PV5-12/5 5 0.29 17.4 0.32 21.6 276*266*28 1
* PV260-24/6: 260 is the standard power of the PV modules, 24 is the working voltage of the module, a
standard output level, there are also 18V and 12V; /6 presents the size of the cells in the module, here is
6’, that is 156mm*156mm; and there is also /5 presenting 5’ cells which are 125mm*125mm.
As to the same type of cells, there would be difference of transferring efficiency between them, so that’s
why PV260-24/6 modules can be made into there types of modules: 280w, 270w and 260w. The final
cost of a PV module will be charged on the basis of its practical output power, and that’s marked with red
in the above table.
With cells of different sizes, we can make the modules with the same output power, but the modules will
be in different sizes.
Different array of cells can change or adjust the voltage of the modules. For 100w~130w PV modules
listed above with 12V voltage can be made into 24V types with suitable cells. So the above modules
aren’t everything, if you have any special requirements out of our listed range, please tell us, and we
may be able to make for you individually.
Some types not listing inside, such as 150w can be made by us too, with special cutting on raw material.
So for precise product information, please contact us for sure.

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II. Specification samples of Photovaltiac Products- Typical Types

PV75/80/85 (18)D PV105/110/115 (34)D
TEM NO
1185×542 1319×665
Maximum power (Wp) 75/80/85wp 105/110/115wp
Maximum power voltage (V) 17.2~17.6 34.6~35.1
Maximum power current (A) 4.36~4.83 3.03~3.27
Open circuit voltage (V) 21.6~21.8 43.2~43.8
Short circuit current (A) 4.7~5.15 3.35~3.59
Number of cells (Pcs) 36 72
1185×542×34mm 1319×665×50mm
Size of module (mm)
( 125×125mm cell) ( 103×103mm cell)
Maximum system voltage (V) 715 1000
Temperature coefficients of Isc (%) + 0.1/ ℃ + 0.1/ ℃
Temperature coefficients of Voc (%) -0.38/ ℃ -0.38/ ℃
Temperature coefficients of Pm (%) -0.47/ ℃ -0.47/ ℃
Temperature coefficients of Im (%) +0.1/ ℃ +0.1/ ℃
Temperature coefficients of Vm (%) -0.38/ ℃ -0.38/ ℃
Temperature Range -40℃～+80℃ -40℃～+80℃
Tolerance Wattage(e.g. +/-3%) +/-3% +/-3%
Surface Maximum Load Capacity 60m/s(200kg/sq.m) 60m/s(200kg/sq.m)
Allowable Hail Load steel ball fall down from 1m height
Weight per piece (kg) 8 9.5
Junction Box Type PV-RH0301( TUV ) PV-RH0301( TUV )
Length of Cables (mm) 900mm 900mm
Cell Efficiency (%) ＞13.5% ＞14.0%
Module Efficiency (%) ＞13.3% ＞13.8%
Output tolerance (%) +/-5% +/-5%
Frame (Material, Corners, etc.) Aluminum Aluminum
Standard Test Conditions AM1.5,100mW/cm2,25’C
Warranty 5 years product warranty and 25years 80% of power
FF (%) ≥72% ≥72%
Unit Price Please contact us

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PV155/160/165 (34)D PV170/180/190(34)D

TEM NO
1581×809 1581×809
Maximum power (Wp) 155/160/165wp 170/180/190wp
Maximum power voltage (V) 34.6~35.1 35.8~36.2
Maximum power current (A) 4.48~4.7 4.75~5.24
Open circuit voltage (V) 43.2~43.8 43.6~44
Short circuit current (A) 4.82~5.02 5.19~5.75
Number of cells (Pcs) 72 72
1581×809×50mm 1581×809×50mm
Size of module (mm)
( 125×125mm cell) (125×125mm cell)
Maximum system voltage (V) 1000 1000
Temperature coefficients of Isc (%) + 0.1/ ℃ + 0.1/ ℃
Temperature coefficients of Voc (%) -0.38/ ℃ -0.38/ ℃
Temperature coefficients of Pm (%) -0.47/ ℃ -0.47/ ℃
Temperature coefficients of Im (%) +0.1/ ℃ +0.1/ ℃
Temperature coefficients of Vm (%) -0.38/ ℃ -0.38/ ℃
Temperature Range -40℃～+80℃ -40℃～+80℃
Tolerance Wattage(e.g. +/-3%) +/-3% +/-3%
Surface Maximum Load Capacity 60m/s(200kg/sq.m) 60m/s(200kg/sq.m)
Allowable Hail Load steel ball fall down from 1m height
Weight per piece (kg) 16.3 16.3
Junction Box Type PV-RH0301( TUV ) PV-RH0301( TUV )
Length of Cables (mm) 900mm 900mm
Cell Efficiency (%) ＞14.2% ＞15.2%
Module Efficiency (%) ＞13.8% ＞15%
Output tolerance (%) +/-5% +/-5%
Frame (Material, Corners, etc.) Aluminum Aluminum
Standard Test Conditions AM1.5 100mW/cm2 25’C
Warranty 5 years product warranty and 25years 80% of power
FF (%) ≥72% ≥72%
Unit Price Please contact us

www.gaia-solar.com
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About Warranty
Warranty Policy of Gaia Solar Technology (Shanghai) Co.,Ltd
This Warranty Policy (this “Policy”) is issued by Gaia Solar Technology (Shanghai) Co.,Ltd (“Gaia Solar”)
and applies to the various products and components of products manufacturers by Gaia Solar discussed
in this Policy (“Products”) that are purchased by original end users of the Products (each, a “Customer”)
from authorized Gaia Solar distributors and dealers for water heating installations worldwide.
Warranties
Gaia Solar provides the various warranties set forth in this Policy subject to the terms, conditions, and
exclusions provided for herein.
Cooper Header Pipe of Solar Collector

Gaia Solar hereby warrants and represents that, for fifteen (15) years from the date of the delivery of any
solar collector to the Customer, the copper header pipe in the solar collector shall be free from
manufacturing defects resulting in leakage of heat transfer liquid when operating within specified
allowable pressure limits and using approved liquids, provided that this warranty excludes:
a) Leakage from any connection to header inlet or outlet;
b) Defects resulting from exposure of manifold header pipe to pressure exceeding 0.8Mpa/8bar/116psi;
c) Defects resulting from exposure of flow rates exceeding 15L/min/3.96gpm;
d) Defects resulting from the freezing of the liquid contained in the manifold header pipe;
e) Leakage of manifold header pipe as a result of metallic corrosion and not structural braze failure;
f) Poor heat transfer, excessive pressure drop, or blockage of header as a result of scale formation;
g) Installation of more than two end port manifolds in series without flexible connections at least once
every second manifold.
For a Customer to receive any remedies in connection with a breach of this warranty, the following
conditions must be met:
a) Customer must provide to Gaia Solar a dated photograph of the solar collector showing a water trail
from the solar collector, as well as a dated photograph of the serial plate;
b) Customer must quote the serial number when making a warranty claim;
c) The solar collector that is the subject of the warranty claim must have been entered into the online
installation database within thirty (30) days of the date of the completion of installation; and
d) The solar collector that is the subject of the warranty claim must be kept in storage for no less than
ninety (90) days and made available for inspection by Gaia Solar or its designee upon the request of
Gaia Solar.
Evacuated Tubes of Solar Collector

Gaia Solar hereby warrants and represents that the evacuated tubes in any solar collector shall be free
from manufacturing defects resulting in spontaneous loss of vacuum for ten (10) years from the date of
the delivery off such solar collector to the Customer, provided that this warranty excludes loss of vacuum
www.gaia-solar.com
- 55 -
due to breakage during transport, handling or after installation and that gradual reduction in vacuum
levels over time are normal and accordingly are not defects in violation of this warranty.
For Customer to receive any remedies in connection with a breach of this warranty, the following
a) Customer must provide to Gaia Solar a dated photograph of the tube still installed in the solar
collector showing white bottom end and no structural tube damage; and
b) The evacuated tubes must be removed and kept in storage for no less than ninety (90) days an
made available for inspection by Gaia Solar or its designee upon the request of Gaia Solar.
Heat Pipe of Solar Collector

Gaia Solar hereby warrants and represents that the heat pipe in any solar collector shall be free from
manufacturing defects resulting in loss of heat transfer properties for ten (10) years from the date of the
delivery of the solar collector to the Customer. A loss of heat transfer properties can be tested by slowly
pouring 1L/2pints of hot (>60℃/141℉) water down then bottom 3/4 length of the heat pipe, whereupon
the heat pipe condenser should become too hot to hold(>50℃/122℉) in less than thirty (30) seconds.
For Customer to receive any remedies in connection with a breach of this warranty, the following
a) Customer must provide to Gaia Solar photographs of faulty heat pipes, if applicable, showing the
point of failure or rupture;
b) The marking on the neck of the heat pipe must be quoted by the Customer to Gaia Solar; and
c) The heat pipe must be kept in storage for no less than ninety (90) days and made available for
inspection by Gaia Solar or its designee upon the request of Gaia Solar.
Qualifications regarding Warranty

The warranties of the various products and components above in this Policy shall not apply if:
a) Breaches of warranty result (i) from any use of a Product for any purpose other than its ordinary
purpose, as well as any neglect, accident, or ordinary wear and tear; or (ii) from damage from
transport, shipping, handling, or any act of God or other Force Majeure;
b) Breaches of warranty result from internal freezing or pipes, and;
c) Breaches of warranty result from installation that is not in accordance with (i) Gaia Solar’s installation
and operation manual in effect on the date when the Product is sold to the Customer, including,
without limitation, and misaligned or non-leveled frame; or (ii) instructions and/or all relevant
standards, codes of practice, electrical wiring and safety regulations and any regional authority
regulations;
d) A solar collector is damaged because of the failure of mounting brackets, fasteners or, nails, straps
or other components for solar collector mounting that are either not supplier by Gaia Solar or not
fastening according to the instructions supplied by Gaia Solar.
e) A solar collector is damaged because of the failure to fasten it to structurally sound material,
resulting in significant movement or vibration of the Product;

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f) Any component of the Solar Collector is damaged as a result of exposure to wind speeds exceeding
80mph / 128km/h, or 110mph km/h \ 176km/h when an additional frame front track is installed;
g) The Product is exposed to environmental conditions or mechanical forces that exceed the levels that
components materials can be reasonably expected to withstand;
h) The defective part, accessory, or component or the Product was not manufactured by Gaia Solar;
i) If any maintenance or repair on the Product is completed by un-authorized persons; and
j) The Product is relocated from its original point of installation;
k) When installation in a system using a glycol based heat transfer liquid and the solar collector is left
exposed to daily sunlight without hot water usage or effective heat dissipation, such that the collector
dry stagnates, with the exception of stagnation due to system component failure or power outage,
where the system failure is remedied within 48hours of occurring;
l) The solar collector is left dry (no liquid circulation) and exposed to daily sunlight (not covered) for a
period of time exceeding 14 consecutive days.
As to Solar Power Lights, warranty of each component is as bellow:

Components Made in
Imported Components
China
Solar Panel (Isofoton Cell) 15 years warranty 15 years warranty
Pole China Made Pole, 15 years warranty
Controller 2 years warranty 4 years warranty(Germany Produced Steca)
Battery 2 years warranty 4 years warranty(America Produced Haze)
Lighting Lamps 4000 hours
Underground Box China Made Underground Box, 15 years warranty
Underground Battery Box China Made Underground Battery Box, 15 years warranty
During our warranty period, the components which don’t work can be changed free, and after warranty
period, the components which don’t work can be changed at a low cost.
The lifetime of the whole system is 15 years and in the system, the controller and battery are high value
components. The lifetime of controller and battery is about 4~5 years, and imported type is about 8~10
years. During whole system lifetime, the controller and battery made in China need to be replaced twice
and the imported controller and battery need to be replaces once. For the lighting lamp, one lamp can be
used about 2 years and after two years, the lamp should be changed.
International Trade Terms

1. Payment for orders by irrevocable L/C at sight, or 100% wire in advance.
2. Payment for sample unit: 100% wire transfer in advance.
3. All prices are FOB China port Prices.
4. All prices are based on full 20 feet container load quantity.
5. All your needed products will be delivered from Shanghai Port 20 days after receiving your irrevocable
L/C at sight, or 100% wire in advance.
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Contact Information
Gaia Solar (Shanghai) Co. Ltd
RM 301, No. 1, Nong 1315, Middle Fuxing Road,
Shanghai, China, 200040
Contact person: Mr. David Cheng (General Manager)
davidcheng@gaia-solar.com
sinosolarsource@hotmail.com
Tel: 0086-13953485199
Ms. Alle Peng (Sales Director)
allepeng@gaia-solar.com
Tel: 0086-13581617009
Other Offices:
Gaia Solar (Dezhou) Co. Ltd
61 of Hubinbei Road, Dezhou City, Shandong Province, China
Contact person: Mr. David Cheng
Tel: 0086-13953485199
Gaia Solar (Qingdao) Co. Ltd --- Qingdao Gaia Solar International Trade Co., Ltd.
Room 1509, No. 18 Yanerdao Road，Qingdao-266000，China
Contact person: Mr. Kevin Zang
Tel：0086-532-85761762
Fax：0086-532-85761762
Gaia Solar (Changzhou) Factory (Solar Keymark Certificated)
XianLong Development Zone, ChangZhou New Zone, Jiangsu Province, China
Contact Person: Mr. David Cheng (General Manager)
Tel: 0086-13953485199
Gaia Solar (Hong Kong and Philippines) – Sole Distributor

Resources & Protection Technology Limited
F2, 5/F Gee Wing Chang Ind. Bldg., 6 Fung Yip Street, Chai Wan, Hong Kong.
Contact Person: Mr. Tannil
Tel: 00852-3428 8820
Fax: 00852 3428 8810

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- 58 -
Gaia (Spain) Sales Office
Contact Person: Jesus Ortega
Polg. Nueva Campana Nº8 29660 - Nueva Andalucía, Málaga, Spain
Telf: +34 952812933
Gaia (Italy) Sales Office

Calchere 2, 24060 Tavernola, Bergamo, Italy
Contact Person: Mr. Giovanni
Email: giovanni.balducchi@etc-italy.it
Tel: 035 932429
Fax: 035 931861
Mobile: 335 8441365
Gaia Solar (South Africa, Namibia, Botswana, Mozambique) - Sole Distributor

D. E. Marketing-6 Pommern Street, Humerail, Port Elizabeth, 6013, SA
Contact Person: Mr. Des Eloff
Tel: 0027 41 5821407
Fax: 0027 41 5821407
Mobile: 0027 82-800-2706
Email: des.eloff@hinet.co.za or deloff@hinet.co.za

www.gaia-solar.com
- 59 -

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2009 Solar Product Catalog

Part One: Solar Thermal Products ...................................................................................6

Part Two: Solar Power Lights .........................................................................................34

Part Three: Solar Photovoltaic Module ..................................................................... - 49 -

Clean Energy, Harmonious Gaia, Colorful Future

Great Changes in Past Years of Gaia Solar

Clean Energy, Harmonious Gaia, Colorful Future

Pressure Adjusting Equipment Chemical Testing Room

Clean Energy, Harmonious Gaia, Colorful Future

Forth, Full automatic transmission line - "Auto transmission belt"

Clean Energy, Harmonious Gaia, Colorful Future

Clean Energy, Harmonious Gaia, Colorful Future

Model SST-1500 SST-1800

Glass Material Borosilicate glass

Clean Energy, Harmonious Gaia, Colorful Future

Clean Energy, Harmonious Gaia, Colorful Future

Tube (mm) Volume Absorb

Material Of Tank Shell Material of Inner Tank Insulation Sealing washer

Optional components and functions can be selected as bellowed:

Clean Energy, Harmonious Gaia, Colorful Future

Tube (mm) Volume Absorb

Material Of Tank Shell Material of Inner Tank Insulation Sealing washer

SUS304-2B 0.6 mm SUS304-2B 0.5 mm Polyurethane Silicon Rubber

Clean Energy, Harmonious Gaia, Colorful Future

Copper coil heat exchanger specifications

Heat Exchange material 14 mm * 1.0 mm copper pipe

Heat Exchange surface area 2.5 m2 for 30 tube water heater

Heat Exchange testing pressure 9 bar

Heat Exchange net weight 15 kg for 30 tube water heater

Tube (mm) Volume Absorb

TS-20-1800C 1800 58 20 200 / 53 1.60 100 32/68/72

Clean Energy, Harmonious Gaia, Colorful Future

Clean Energy, Harmonious Gaia, Colorful Future

Clean Energy, Harmonious Gaia, Colorful Future

IV. Main Pressure Solar Water Heater

Heat Tube (mm)

Clean Energy, Harmonious Gaia, Colorful Future

Key Components of Split Solar System

Clean Energy, Harmonious Gaia, Colorful Future

Technical data for Heat Pipe solar collector

Clean Energy, Harmonious Gaia, Colorful Future

FOB Quotation Please contact us

Clean Energy, Harmonious Gaia, Colorful Future

FOB Quotation Please contact us

Clean Energy, Harmonious Gaia, Colorful Future

FOB Quotation Please contact us

Clean Energy, Harmonious Gaia, Colorful Future

Product model 150L 200L 250L

Clean Energy, Harmonious Gaia, Colorful Future

Product model 300L 400L 500L

Tank Price with different configurations

Type 150 200 250 300 400 500

Clean Energy, Harmonious Gaia, Colorful Future

Solar controller for application in simple solar systems.

Clean Energy, Harmonious Gaia, Colorful Future

Vol Max Working Pre-filled Diameter Height Valve Package Dimension

ER5 5 10 1.5 204 225 G3/4 210x210x250

Clean Energy, Harmonious Gaia, Colorful Future

Clean Energy, Harmonious Gaia, Colorful Future

Clean Energy, Harmonious Gaia, Colorful Future

Solar Pool Projects we have made abroad.

Clean Energy, Harmonious Gaia, Colorful Future

Concentrating solar power (CSP) technologies use mirrors to

Gaia Solar researches and develops this clean, utility-scale

Size of lamp case 370370200（mm）