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REPORT CE1 2. The Take Off Quantity Survey -Determines The Quantity Of
Materials That Will Have To Be Furnish Or Move. During The
Take Off, The Decisions Concerning Equipment Needs,
Members: Sequence Of Operations And The Crew Size Must Be
Considered
Fortin, Marielle Louiza 3. Mass Excavation
Grimaldo, Exequiel Luis
Mendoza, Ernest Jona 4. Structural Excavation - Performed To Support The
Torres, Vanessa Construction Of Other Structural Elements.
Villanueva, Mary Grace 5. Presenting The Graphical Presentation Of Earthwork Which
Villarta, John Gaebrielle Features:
-Plan View: Looking Down On The Proposed Works And
Presents The Horizontal Alignment Of Features
-Profile View: Cut View Along The Center Line, Features The
i. Planning For Earthwork Construction
Vertical Alignment
-Cross Section View: Formed By a Plane Cutting The Work At
Right Angle To Its Long Axis
Planning- The Process Of Thinking About And Organizing The 6. Earthwork Quantities - Involves The Computations For The
Activities Required To Achieve a Desired Goal. It Involves The Volumes, Cuts And Fills And Also The Most Economical
Creation And Maintenance Of a Plan, Such As Psychological Material Hauls:
Aspects That Require Conceptual Skills.
-End Area Determination-Subdividing The Area Into
Geometric Figures With Definite Formulas For Areas.
Its Goal - Minimize Resource Expenditures Required To -Net Volume
Successfully Complete The Project And To Ensure That The -Mass Diagram-Earthmoving Operation Is Involved. Cut And
Work Is Accomplished In a Safe Manner. Fill Computation.
-Mass Ordinate
-Haul Distances
Importance Of Planning
7. Pricing Of Earthwork Operation
- Understand The Project Objectives And Requirements
- Define Work Elements
ii. Compaction In Soil And Rocks
- Develop Safe Construction Methods And Avoid Hazards
- Improve Efficiency
- Coordinate And Integrate Activities
- Develop Accurate Schedules Importance Of Compaction Of Soil And Rock
- Respond To Future Changes Compaction is the single most important process in soil
- Provide a Yardstick For Monitoring And Controlling construction. Its job is to basically reduce the volume of voids
Execution Of Project Activities present in the soil to be compacted, which is usually filled
with water and air.
Three Most Common Types Of Rollers Used In Field Why Site Investigation Is Done
Compaction - To Know The Geological Condition Of Rock And Soil
-Sheepsfoot Rollers Formation
- To Establish Groundwater Levels And Determine The
Commonly used for clayey and silty soils Properties Of Water
- To Select The Type And Depth Of Foundation For The
-Smooth-Drum/Steel-Wheeled Rollers
Proposed Structure
Commonly used for granular soil - To Determine The Bearing Capacity Of The Site
-Pneumatic Rubber Tired Rollers - To Estimate The Probable Maximum And Differential
Settlements.
Commonly used for asphalt paving
- To Predict The Lateral Earth Pressure Against Retaining
iii. Site Investigation Walls And Abutments
What Is Investigation
Phases Of Soil Investigation
- To Observe Or Study By Close Examination And
Systematic Inquiry - Phase I: Reconnaisance
- To Make a Systematic Examination Especially To - Phase II: Preliminary Reconnaisance
Conclude And Official Inquiry
- Phase III: Detailed Soil Exploration
Trial Pits
Phase IV “Write a Report”
Boreholes
Write a Report. The Report Must Contain a Clear
Description Of The Soils At The Site, Methods Of Exploration,
Soil Profile, Test Methods And Results, And The Location Of
The Ground Water. This Should Include Information And/Or
Explanations Of Any Unusual Soil, Water Bearing Stratum And
Soil And Groundwater Condition That May Be Troublesome
During Construction
Trial Pits
Water Samples
Shallow Foundation
Water Samples Should Be Taken As Soon As Water Is
First Struck And The Depth Recorded. After a Suitable Period - A Type Of Foundation That Is Used When The Earth
Of Time (Usually 10-15 Minutes) The Depth Should Be Directly Beneath a Structure Has Sufficient Bearing Capacity
Re-Recorded And a Further Sample Taken. a Final Sample To Sustain The Loads From The Structure
Should Be Taken At The End Of The Borehole And The Depth
Of Water Regularly Recorded. The Sample Is Taken Using a
Device Known As a Bailer, Made From Teflon Or Plastic It
Types Of Shallow Foundation
Incorporates a Float To Trap The Water And Should Be
Cleaned After Each Sample. Spread Footing
Used To Support Columns And Walls. the allocated budget allowance and ensures that the project
is completed safely.
Combined Footing
- Concrete has many properties that will help meet the
Used When The Distance Between Two Columns Is project and construction manager’s requirements. First is
Small because of its versatility. It is easier to build a structure. Just
put a form then pour the concrete unlike steels and woods
Mat Footing which can’t be shaped easily although it takes long time to
set but we can put admixtures to shorten the setting time.
Closely Spaced That It Is More Effective To Merge
Next is because it is economical. We all know that the
Them Into a Single Mat Or Raft Foundation That
concrete is cheaper than other materials like steels and
Supports The Entire Building
woods. Another property is its durability. Concretes are
durable and can still stand strong in good condition over a
long period of time.
Deep Foundation TYPES OF CONCRETE
- It Is a Type Of Foundation, That Is Used When The Soil - PLAIN OR ORDINARY CONCRETE- IT IS ONE OF THE MOST
Near The Ground Surface Is Weak COMMONLY USED TYPE. IT IS MOSTLY USED IN
CONSTRUCTION OF BUILDING WHICH DOES NOT REQIURE
HIGH TENSILE STRENGTH.
- LIGHTWEIGHT CONCRETE – it is any type of concrete having
Types Of Shallow Foundation
a density less than 1920kg/cu.m. it is used for thermal
Caisson insulation, for protecting steel structures and bridge decks.
- HIGH DENSITY CONCRETE – also called heavy weight
Similar To a Column Footing In That It Spreads The concrete. It is a concrete having density varies between
Load From a Column Over a Large Enough Area Of 3000-4000kg/cu.m. It is used in atomic powerplants and
Soil That The Allowable Pressure In The Soil Is Not other similar structures because it provides good protection
Exceeded from any type of radiations.
Piles - REINFORCED CONCRETE – this type of concrete uses steel
for reinforcement to give the concrete a very high tensile
Are More Slender Than Caissons, And Forcibly strength.
Driven Into The Earth Rather Than Drilled And - PRECAST CONCRETE – refers to numerous types of concrete
Poured shapes that are cast in to molds either in factory or at the site.
Some of its examples are precast poles, fence posts, staircase
units, and the most common used precast concrete is the
Shallow Vs. Deep hollow blocks or concrete masonry unit.
- PRESTRESSED CONCRETE – is a similar to reinforced
Shallow Foundation concrete in which the reinforcement bars are tensioned
- Nice Soil Condition. before being embedded in the concrete. Use in bridges and
- Cheaper Than Deep Foundation. structures with heavy dead load.
- Easier Construction
Concrete has relatively high compressive strength, but much
Deep Foundation lower tensile strength. For this reason it is usually reinforced
with materials that are strong in tension. The elasticity of
- Poor Soil Condition.
concrete is relatively constant at low stress levels but starts
- More Expensive.
decreasing at higher stress levels as matrix cracking develops.
- More Complex, And Takes More Time To Construct.
Concrete has a very low coefficient of thermal expansion and
v. Concrete Work shrinks as it matures.