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M ANAGEMENT
The reason for the project manager’ existence in an organization and on a project is to
manage integration.
Communications
Stakeholders
Procurement
Resource
Quality
Human
Scope
Time
Cost
Risk
Integration
Processes Group
Monitoring
Initiating Planning Executing and Closing
Controlling
Knowledge Areas
Quality (3) 1.Plan Quality Management 2.Perform Quality Assurance 3.Control Quality
“The processes and activities that integrate the various elements of project management”
To coordinate all aspects of the Project Management Plan in order to accomplish the project objectives
Tools and
Inputs Outputs
Techniques
1. Project statement of work 1. Expert judgment 1. Project charter
2. Business case 2. Facilitation techniques
3. Agreements
4. Enterprise environmental
factors
5. Organizational process
assets
Project managers have also been dealing with existing processes, procedures, and
historical information.
These help the project benefit from past company experience. The PMBOK" Guide
calls these organizational process assets. The trick is to think of organizational
process assets as what they really are-processes, procedures, and historical
information.
Historical Information
Lessons Learned.
2. Facilitation Techniques
Facilitation techniques have broad application within project management processes and
guide the development of the project charter
Brainstorming, conflict resolution, problem solving, and meeting management.
The project charter is such an important document that project CAN NOT be started
without one.
The project charter provides the high – level requirements for the
project.
High-level requirements,
High-level risks,
Summary budget,
Project approval requirements (what constitutes project success, who decides the
project is successful, and who signs off on the project),
Name and authority of the sponsor or other person(s) authorizing the project
charter.
Project Title and Description (what is the project?) The First Personal Assistant
Project Manager Assigned and Authority Level (who is given authority to lead the
project, and can he l she determine, manage, and approve changes to budget, schedule,
staffing, etc.?)
Business Case (Why is the project being done? On what financial or other basis can we
justify doing this project?)
Stakeholders (Who will affect or be affected by the project (influence the project), as known
to date?)
Measurable Project Objectives (How does the project tie into the organization’s
strategic goals? What project objectives support those goals? The objectives need to be
measurable and will depend on the defined priority of the project constraints.)
Project Approval Requirements (What items need to be approved for the project, and
who will have sign-off? What designates success?)
High-Level Project Risks (Potential threats and opportunities for the project).
------------------------------------ -----------------------------------
Outputs from many of the planning processes are integrated to create the project
management plan. Any baselines and subsidiary management plans that are an
output from other planning processes are inputs to this process.
Infrastructure and
Determine which project documents will be subject to the formal change control
process.
2. Facilitation Techniques
Facilitation techniques have broad application within project management
processes and guide the development of the project charter
Brainstorming, conflict resolution, problem solving, and meeting management.
“The process of performing the work defined in the project management plan to
achieve the project’s objectives”
Tools and
Inputs Outputs
Techniques
1. Project management plan 1. Expert judgment 1. Deliverables
2. Approved change requests 2. Project management 2. Work performance data
3. Enterprise environmental information system (PMIS) 3. Change requests
factors 3. Meetings 4. Project management plan
4. Organizational process assets updates
5. Project document updates
As part of the Perform Integrated Change Control process, a change control status
update will indicate that some changes are approved and some are not.
Such judgment and expertise is applied to all technical and management details
during this process.
The system that helps you produce and keep track of the documents and
deliverables..
deliverables
Example: a PMIS might help your organization produce the project charter by
having you fill in a few fields on a computer screen. It might then generate the
project charter and set up a project billing code with accounting.
While the PMIS usually consists primarily of software, it will often interface with
manual systems.
Purpose: Discuss and address pertinent topics of the project when directing and
managing project work.
Attendees:
1) Project manager,
2) Project team
Types:
1) Information exchange
3) Decision making.
“The process of tracking, reviewing, and regulating the progress to meet the
performance objectives defined in the project management plan”
Tools and
Inputs Outputs
Techniques
1. Project management plan 1. Expert judgment 1. Change requests
2. Schedule forecasts 2. Analytical techniques 2. Work performance reports
3. Cost forecasts 3. Project management 3. Project management plan
4. Validated changes information system (PMIS) updates
5. Work performance information 4. Meetings 4. Project documents updates
6. Enterprise environmental
factors
7. Organizational process assets
The key benefit of this process is that it allows stakeholders to understand the current state of
the project, the steps taken, and budget, schedule, and scope forecasts.
Plan Actual
1. Monitors and controls deliverables/
processes to do with initiating, planning,
+/- Variance
executing and closing by comparing actual
performance against project plan.
Variance
2. Assesses corrective and preventive actions. analysis and
trend evaluation
3. Monitors the effectiveness of implementing
approved changes.
Project
Manager to Recommend and
You should know the variance or follow up the implement Corrective or
Implementation preventive Action
deviations from baselines are often due
to incomplete risk identification
1. Bring deviation under control
and risk management. 2. Decided if and when action is required
3. Make recommendations
4. Issue change request
2. Assessing performance.
forecasting.
Approved changes that result from the Perform Integrated Change Control
process require validation to ensure that the change was appropriately implemented.
A validated change provides the necessary data to confirm that the change was
appropriately executed.
Tools and
Inputs Outputs
Techniques
1. Project management plan 1. Expert judgment 1. Approved change requests
2. Work performance reports 2. Meetings 2. Change log
3. Change requests 3. Change control tools 3. Project management plan
4. Enterprise environmental updates
factors 4. Project document updates
5. Organizational process assets
The key benefit of this process is that it allows for documented changes within the project to be
considered in an integrated fashion while reducing project risk, which often arises from
changes made without consideration to the overall project objectives or plans.
PROJECT INTEGRATION MANAGEMENT February 2016
Change Control
Change management Activities
1. Influencing the factors that circumvent integrated change control so that ONLY
approved changes are implemented;
2. Reviewing, analyzing, and approving change requests promptly, which is
essential, as a slow decision may negatively affect time, cost, or the feasibility of
a change;
3. Managing the approved changes;
4. Maintaining the integrity of baselines by releasing only approved changes for
incorporation into the project management plan and project documents;
5. Reviewing, approving, or denying all
recommended corrective and preventive
actions;
6. Coordinating changes across the entire project
(e.g., a proposed schedule change will often
affect cost, risk, quality, and staffing); and
7. Documenting the complete impact of change
requests.
PROJECT INTEGRATION MANAGEMENT February 2016
Change Control
Configuration identification
approved.
management system.
project.
standards, policies, plans, and other project documents will be modified, and how
Project files.
of all official company standards, policies, procedures, and any project documents.
“The process of finalizing all activities across all of the Project Management
Process Groups to formally complete the project or phase”
Tools and
Inputs Outputs
Techniques
1. Project management plan 1. Expert judgment 1. Final product, service, or
2. Accepted deliverables 2. Analytical techniques result transition
3. Organizational process assets 3. Meetings 2. Organizational process
assets updates
The project management plan becomes the agreement between the project
2. Accepted deliverables
projects.
2. Post completion Data. In this step, you determine any variances in the schedule, cost (personnel and
expenses), and scope (deliverables and requirements).
3. Follow-Up Maintenance and Warranties. If applicable, hand off any hardware, software, or
other equipment and review the coverage on warranties and the maintenance requirements.
4. Team Member Performance Reporting. The project manager provides information to functional
management on the performance of project team members during the life of the project.
5. Financials. Ensure that all expenses are paid and project budgets are closed. Generate the necessary
financial reports.
6. Releasing Staff. Ensure a smooth transition for all staff to new assignments. Notify functional managers
with sufficient lead time so that meaningful work assignments can be made.
7. Formal Closing Report. Prepare a summary of the information above, including any open issues, and
distribute it to appropriate stakeholders.
6. Final payment
Project
Procurement
Phase is
is complete
complete
Project or
Project is
procurement
complete
Closing is terminated
Conduct Close-Out Meeting Process
Group
2. Review actual deliverables and show how project met its measurable success
indicators.
4. List ideas for ensuring that what went right happens again.
1. Ensure that all project deliverables have been completed and formally accepted
by the customer.
Forms
Standards
1. Project purpose
2. Deliverables
Quality
Schedule
Cost
2. The only way a project is really in control is if all team members are in control of
their own work.
3. The effort used to control a project should be worthwhile. You don’t want to spend
$100 to purchase a $3 battery.
4. If you take no action in response to a deviation, you have a monitoring system, not
a control system.
5. Project working times must be recorded daily. If people wait a week to capture what they
have done, they rely on memory and end up writing down estimates of what they did.
Such data are no good for future estimating.
5. The six common steps you will take in a typical change control process are to enter the
initial change control information into your change control log 1; determine if the change
should be processed 2; submit recommendations to management and/or the customer for
review and approval 3; update the project plan; distribute the updated plan 4; and
monitor the change 5 and track progress against the revised plan 6.
6. The change control form and log are your primary controlling documents.
8. Project spin-off usually occurs when the project change is so dramatic that you and your
team determine that an entirely separate project should be initiated.
PROJECT INTEGRATION MANAGEMENT February 2016
REMEMBER
9. Work Authorization System
A collection of formal documented procedures that defines how project work will be
authorized to ensure the work is done by the identified organization, at the right
time, and in the proper sequence.
D. Product control.
Q2: The need for ------------ is one of the major driving forces for communication in a project.
A. Optimization
B. Integrity
C. Integration
D. Differentiation
A. Procedures
C. Meetings
D. Lessons learned