S-000-5390-001 Insulation of Piping and Equipment PDF

Sohar Refinery Expansion Project
Document Title: Document No. Rev:

Specification for Insulation of Piping & Equipment L-611 S-000-5390-001 2
Table of Contents
Contents Page
1.0 SCOPE ...................................................................................................................................................... 4

1.1 DEFINITIONS ................................................................................................................................. 4
2.0 OBLIGATIONS/RESPONSIBILITIES ....................................................................................................... 4
3.0 GENERAL ................................................................................................................................................. 4
3.1 EXCLUSIONS ................................................................................................................................. 4
3.2 REFERENCE STANDARDS AND SPECIFICATIONS .................................................................. 5
3.3 LEGEND OF APPLIED INSULATION SYMBOLS ........................................................................ 6
3.4 FIELD WELDING ............................................................................................................................ 6
4.0 EXTENT OF INSULATION ....................................................................................................................... 7
4.1 INSULATION APPLICATION GENERAL ...................................................................................... 7
4.2 OPERATING TEMPERATURE DEFINITION................................................................................. 7
4.3 DOCUMENTS FOR INSULATION SCOPE DEFINITION .............................................................. 7
6.1 GENERAL ...................................................................................................................................... 8
6.2 INSULATING MATERIALS ............................................................................................................ 8
6.3 INSULATING SUPPORT RINGS ................................................................................................. 11
6.4 FASTENING MATERIALS ........................................................................................................... 11
6.5 SHEETING MATERIALS.............................................................................................................. 11
6.6 COATINGS, BANDAGES AND SEALING MATERIALS ............................................................ 12
6.7 ANTI VIBRATING SEALS ............................................................................................................ 12
7.0 INSULATION THICKNESS..................................................................................................................... 13
8.0 THERMAL INSULATION FOR HOT SERVICES (IH) ............................................................................ 13
8.1 ITEMS NOT TO BE INSULATED ................................................................................................. 13
8.2 APPLICATION OF PIPING INSULATION ................................................................................... 14
8.3 SHEETING FOR PIPING .............................................................................................................. 15
8.4 FLANGES AND VALVES............................................................................................................. 16
8.5 APPLICATION OF EQUIPMENT INSULATION .......................................................................... 17
8.6 SHEETING FOR EQUIPMENT INSULATION ............................................................................. 18
8.7 INSULATING CAPS FOR EQUIPMENT HEADS, MANHOLES, HAND HOLES, ETC. ............. 19
8.8 INSTRUMENTS ............................................................................................................................ 19
8.9 MACHINERY ................................................................................................................................ 20
8.10 INSULATION FOR PERSONEL PROTECTION (PP) ................................................................. 20
8.11 INSULATION / SHEETING SUPPORTS FOR HOT SERVICES ................................................. 21
8.12 INSULATION OF HOT OIL SYSTEMS ........................................................................................ 21
9.0 THERMAL INSULATION FOR COLD SERVICES (IC) ......................................................................... 22
9.1 GENERAL .................................................................................................................................... 22
9.2 APPLICATION OF PIPING INSULATION ................................................................................... 22
9.3 SPECIAL APPLICATIONS .......................................................................................................... 22
9.4 FLANGES AND VALVES............................................................................................................. 24
9.5 APPLICATION OF EQUIPMENT INSULATION .......................................................................... 24
9.6 SHEETING OF INSULATION FOR COLD SERVICES ............................................................... 25
9.7 INSTRUMENTS ............................................................................................................................ 25
10.0 ACOUSTIC INSULATION....................................................................................................................... 26
10.1 GENERAL .................................................................................................................................... 26
10.2 EXTENT OF ACOUSTIC INSULATION (AC) .............................................................................. 26
10.3 INSULATATION SUPPORT RINGS ............................................................................................ 27
Page 2 of 66
10.4 SHEETING .................................................................................................................................... 28

10.5 END CAPS ................................................................................................................................... 28
10.6 ACOUSTIC ENCLOSURES ......................................................................................................... 28
10.7 ANTI-VIBRATION SEALS ........................................................................................................... 28
10.8 EARTHING OF SHEETING .......................................................................................................... 28
11.0 COMBINED HEAT/COLD CONSERVATION AND ACOUSTIC INSULATION ..................................... 29
11.1 COMBINED HEAT CONSERVATION AND ACOUSTIC INSULATION ..................................... 29
11.2 COMBINED COLD CONSERVATION AND ACOUSTIC INSULATION ..................................... 29
12.0 PROTECTION OF STAINLESS STEEL PIPING AGAINST ZINC CONTAMINATION ......................... 29
13.0 FIGURES................................................................................................................................................. 38
13.1 CAGE FOR PERSONNEL PROTECTION ................................................................................... 38
13.2 INSULATION/SHEETING SUPPORT RING ................................................................................ 39
13.3 NONINSULATED FLANGES AND END CONNECTIONS .......................................................... 40
13.4 SHEETING OVERLAP / FURROWS DETAILS ........................................................................... 41
13.5 INSULATION OF REDUCERS AND HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL BENDS ......................... 42
13.6 RAIN COVER FOR PIPE SUPPORT ........................................................................................... 43
13.7 REMOVABLE INSULATION CONSTRUCTION FOR EXPANSION BELLOW .......................... 44
13.8 INSULATION OF TRACED PIPING............................................................................................. 45
13.9 INSULATED VALVE .................................................................................................................... 46
13.10 LEAK DETECTION TUBE ........................................................................................................... 47
13.11 HEAT INSULATION AT VESSEL SKIRT .................................................................................... 48
13.12 INSULATED MANHOLE .............................................................................................................. 49
13.13 SEALING PLATE FOR PROTRUDING PARTS .......................................................................... 50
13.14 SHEETING OF VERTICAL VESSELS ......................................................................................... 51
13.15 COLD INSULATION OF PIPING ................................................................................................. 52
13.16 COLD INSULATION OF VALVE .................................................................................................. 53
13.17 COLD INSULATING – CONTRACTION JOINTS ........................................................................ 54
13.18 PIPE SUPPORT FOR ACOUSTIC INSULATION CLASSES “B” AND “C” .............................. 55
13.19 SHEETING END CAPS FOR ACOUSTIC INSULATION ............................................................ 56
13.20 END CAPS FOR ACOUSTIC INSULATION ................................................................................ 57
13.21 SUPPORT RING FOR ACOUSTIC INSULATION ....................................................................... 58
13.22 ALTERNATIVE ARRANGEMENTS FOR END CAPS. ............................................................... 59
13.23 SUPPORT RING FOR ACOUSTIC INSULATION ON VERTICAL PIPING. ............................... 60
13.24 PROTECTION STAINLESS STEEL SURFACES AGAINST ZINC CONTAMINATION. ............ 61
13.25 INSULATION MACHINERY ......................................................................................................... 62
APPENDIX 1 SHT 048 – INSUL. SUPPORTS FOR STORAGE TANKS. ....................................................... 63
APPENDIX 2 SHT 051 – INSUL. SUPPORTS FOR VERTICAL VESSELS COLD SERVICE. ....................... 64
APPENDIX 3 SHT 052 – INSUL. SUPPORTS FOR VERTICAL VESSELS HOT SERVICE (2 SHEETS). .... 65
Page 3 of 66
1.0 SCOPE
This specification gives minimum requirements for the design, material, fabrication, installation and
application of thermal insulation of aboveground surfaces of piping, equipment, instruments, etc.
External acoustic insulation of pipes, valves and flanges shall be executed in accordance with ISO
15665 and this specification.
In case of varying requirements between Licensor’s specification and this specification, the most
stringent requirements shall be applicable.
1.1 DEFINITIONS
For this specification the following definitions are applicable.
Client Oman Refineries and Petrochemicals Company LLC,
shall is to be understood as mandatory
should is to be understood as strongly recommended
may be is to be understood as giving a freedom of choice
2.0 OBLIGATIONS/RESPONSIBILITIES
All insulation shall comply with this specification. All deviations shall be approved by Client or its
delegate.
3.0 GENERAL
3.1 EXCLUSIONS
Excluded from this specification are:
• Insulation of heating ventilation and air-conditioning installations.
• Building insulation.
• Internal lining of furnaces and other equipment.
• Fireproofing of structural steel and piping/equipment supports.
Page 4 of 66
3.2 REFERENCE STANDARDS AND SPECIFICATIONS

The latest edition of the following standards shall form part of this specification to the extent specified
herein:
Standards;
• CINI (Committee Insulation Netherlands Industry) Manual.
• ISO 15665 Acoustic Insulation of Pipes, Valves and Flanges.
• ISO 1481 Slotted panhead tapping screws, type C.
• ASTM C 871 Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of thermal insulation materials
for leachable Chloride, Fluoride, Silicate and Sodium Ions.
• ASTM D 1621 Standard Test Method for Apparent Density of Rigid Cellular Plastics.
• ASTM D 1622 Standard Test Method for Compressive Properties Of Rigid Cellular Plastics.
• ASTM D 2842 Standard Test Method for Water Absorption of Rigid Cellular Plastics.
• ASTM D 6226 Standard Test Method for Open-Cell Content of Rigid Cellular Plastics by the
Air Pycnometer.
• C547 Mineral Fiber Pre formed Pipe Insulation
• C552 Cellular Glass Thermal Insulation
• C585 Inner and Outer Diameters of Rigid Thermal Insulation for Nominal Sizes of
Pipe and Tubing (NPS System)
• C592 Mineral Fiber Blanket Insulation and Blanket-Type Pipe-Insulator.
• (Metal-Mesh Covered) (Industrial Type)
• C612 Mineral Fiber Block and Board Thermal Insulation
• C692 Evaluating the influence of Wicking Type Thermal Insulation on the Stress
Corrosion Cracking Tendency of Austenitic Stainless Steel
• C795 Thermal Insulation for use in contact with Austenitic Stainless Steel
• A167 Stainless and Heat-Resisting Chromium-Nickel Plate, Sheet and Strip
• A463 Aluminum-Coated, by the Hot-Dip Process
• B209 Aluminum and Aluminum Alloy Sheet and Plate.
• E90 Standard Test Method for Laboratory Measurement of Airborne Sound
Transmission Loss of Building Partitions
Standard equipment drawings (ref. to attachments in Appendix 1,2,3).
• (04-3230-01-) Sheet 048 Insulation supports for storage tanks.
• (04-3230-01-) Sheet 051 Insulation supports for vertical vessels cold service.
• (04-3230-01-) Sheet 052 Insulation supports for vertical vessels hot service (2 sheets).
The order of precedence shall be the latest revision of the following:

1. National and / or local regulations, standards and codes.
2. This Project specification.
3. Licensor requirements
4 Other Project Specifications and standards
The most stringent requirement of 2 and 3 shall be applied.
Any conflict not solved by the order of precedence shall be referred to Client in writing for clarification
and resolution.
Page 5 of 66
3.3 LEGEND OF APPLIED INSULATION SYMBOLS

IH Insulation Hot.
IC Insulation Cold.
PP Personnel Protection (65ºC).
N No Insulation.
AC Acoustic Insulation
H1 IH + AC Acoustic Class A
H2 IH + AC Acoustic Class B
H3 IH + AC Acoustic Class C
C1 IC + AC Acoustic Class A
C2 IC + AC Acoustic Class B
C3 IC + AC Acoustic Class C
E1 ET + AC Acoustic Class A
E2 ET + AC Acoustic Class B
E3 ET + AC Acoustic Class C
J1 SJ + AC Acoustic Class A
J2 SJ + AC Acoustic Class B
J3 SJ + AC Acoustic Class C
P1 PP + AC Acoustic Class A
P2 PP + AC Acoustic Class B
P3 PP + AC Acoustic Class C
N1 N + AC Acoustic Class A
N2 N + AC Acoustic Class B
N3 N + AC Acoustic Class C
LA SL + AC Acoustic Class A
LB SL + AC Acoustic Class B
LC SL + AC Acoustic Class C
TA ST + AC Acoustic Class A
TB ST + AC Acoustic Class B
TC ST + AC Acoustic Class C
Acoustic Class A (insulation thickness 50 mm).
Acoustic Class B (insulation thickness 100 mm).
Acoustic Class C (insulation thickness 100 mm).
PP Personnel protection P Personnel protection by shielding
PI Personnel protection by insulation
Heat Tracing Symbols
ST Steam trace with LLP steam.
SL Steam trace with LP steam.
SM Steam trace with MP steam.
SJ Steam Jacketed.
ET Electric traced.
The above types of insulation may be combined, which will be indicated on the P&ID line list.
Reference is made to D-000-5225-102, Piping & Instrument Diagram – General legend and general
Notes 2/6).
3.4 FIELD WELDING

Field welding, such as welding of studs or nuts for insulation, on any piece of equipment or pipeline is
prohibited without prior written approval of Client.
Page 6 of 66
4.0 EXTENT OF INSULATION
4.1 INSULATION APPLICATION GENERAL

Insulation shall be applied for the following purposes:
a. Heat/cold conservation.
b. Personnel protection.
c. Temperature control of processes or products.
d. Noise reduction.
e. Combinations of a, b, c or d.
Insulation for heat conservation shall be applied for piping, equipment and instruments with operating
temperatures above 50°C.
Under 50°C and above 20°C operating temperature, insulation shall only be applied if required for
process reasons and on traced systems.
Insulation for personnel protection for piping, equipment surfaces having an operating temperature of
>65°C or < -10°C if the location presents a danger to personnel.
Insulation for cold conservation shall be applied for piping, equipment and instruments with operating
temperatures of 20°C and below.
Insulation for cold conservation includes the insulation for "anti sweat" reasons: Prevention of
condensation on outside surfaces with a temperature below the dew point of the surrounding
atmosphere.
Insulation for noise reduction applied for piping, equipment and instruments.
4.2 OPERATING TEMPERATURE DEFINITION

The operating temperature reflects the temperature during the normal process conditions. The
insulation requirements during abnormal conditions (e.g. during regeneration cycles) shall be
considered on a case-by-case basis, taking into account the personnel protection requirements as a
minimum.
4.3 DOCUMENTS FOR INSULATION SCOPE DEFINITION

The extent of insulation is specified in the following documents:
4.3.1 For piping:

• P&ID line list.
• Isometrics.
• Piping and instrument diagrams.
4.3.2 For equipment:

• Equipment data sheets.
• Piping and instrument diagrams (traced parts).
• Equipment insulation schedule.
4.3.3 For instruments:

• Instrument tracing details.
• Piping and instrument diagrams.
Page 7 of 66
4.3.4 Insulation codes are used on the engineering documents to indicate which type of insulation shall be
applied (see subsection 3.3).
5.0 SURFACE PREPARATION, PAINTING & LETTERING

Before application of insulation, all steel surfaces to be insulated shall be dry, clean, and free from rust,
loose mill scale, grease, oil, dirt and other foreign matters.
Any painting done prior to the start of the insulation activities shall be painted by others in strict
accordance with the “Surface preparation, Painting and Lettering O-611”, document number S-000-
53A0-001.
Insulation shall not be installed over field welds and other surfaces which have not been leak tested
and painted.
Lettering shall be in strict accordance with the “Surface preparation, Painting and Lettering O-611”,
document number S-000-53A0-001.
6.0 MATERIALS
6.1 GENERAL
All materials shall be new, free of damage and in conformity with this specification.
All insulation materials shall be asbestos free, nonflammable and non-corrosive whether dry or wet.
Ceramic fibres shall not be used.
Insulation, fastening and sheeting material shall not contain zinc, when applied on stainless-steel
surfaces. The materials and their packing shall be clearly identified, to prevent interchanging of
insulation materials for stainless application and for carbon/low/medium alloy steel application,
Materials deviating from this specification shall not be used without written prior approval from Client.
Insulation materials shall be supplied completely dry, suitably protected from the weather and stored in
a dry warehouse.
Field stock shall only be allowed in designated areas for a maximum of two (2) working days. No
intermediate storage within the work area is allowed.
Insulation material shall be kept completely dry during application. If insulation work is temporarily
stopped because of bad weather conditions and/or end of normal working hours, insulated equipment
or piping which are not yet finished shall be suitably protected to prevent ingress of water or other
foreign matters into the insulation material.
The chlorine contents of insulation materials for piping and equipment made of austenitic stainless
steel shall be complied with ASTM C795 by conforming to the pre-production test requirements of
ASTM C692 and the confirming quality requirements for chemical analysis of ASTM C871.
6.2 INSULATING MATERIALS

Materials listed below may be used within their limitations:
• 6.2.1 through 6.2.8, thermal insulation for hot service and acoustic Insulation.
• 6.2.9, thermal insulation for cold service.
Taking into account the considerable amount of acoustic insulation and considering minimizing the type
of insulation materials, glass wool insulation shall not be applied
6.2.1 Rockwool Preformed Pipe Sections (For pipe sections < 14”)
Reference code ASTM C547.
Page 8 of 66
Preformed rigid foam pipe sections manufactured from resin bonded rockwool.
Pipe sections shall be split and hinged for easy assembly.
Maximum chloride content according to ASTM C871: 10 mg/kg.
The pH value shall be between 6 and 9.
3
Minimum density: 100-125 kg/ m (depending on the thickness).
Thermal conductivity as per table I.
Suitable for a maximum temperature of 600°C.
For acoustic insulation application, the preformed pipe sections shall have a density as specified
above. For additional material requirements refer to section 10.
6.2.2 Cellular Glass Preformed Pipe Sections (Ref. Chapter 8.12 - Hot Oil Systems)
Inorganic cellular glass preformed rigid pipe sections or radiused and bevelled slabs.
Maximum chloride content: 10 mg/kg.
The maximum pH value shall be 10.
3
Minimum density: 115 kg/m .
Thermal conductivity [W/mK]: 0.034 at -20°C; 0.036 at 0°C; 0.040 at +20°C.
Temperature limits: -260°C through 430°C.
The average compressibility: 500 kPa.
6.2.3 Rockwool Blankets (For pipe sections >= 14”)

Lightly bonded rockwool blanket.
One side stitched with stainless-steel wire to 1 inch galvanized steel wire mesh or AISI 304 stainless-
steel wire mesh for application on stainless steel.
3
6.2.4 Rockwool Boiler Slabs

Resin impregnated rockwool slabs.
Dimensions: 1000 mm x 600 mm.
3
Suitable for maximum temperature of 580°C.
Page 9 of 66
6.2.5 Rockwool Compression Resistant Slabs

Rigid resin impregnated rockwool slabs.
3
Compressibility: 10% at 17 kPa.
6.2.6 Fibrous Glass Cord (not to be used for stainless steel)

Cord manufactured from non-bonded glass fibers, galvanized steel wired.
Weight: 80 g/m for thickness of 30 mm and 140 g/m for thickness of 50 mm.
6.2.7 Insulation Materials for Tank Shells / Roof

6.2.7.1 Rockwool Industrial Slabs
Rigid, flexible slabs for insulation of tanks.
3
6.2.8 Loose Mineral Wool

6.2.8.1 Loose Rockwool
3
Installed density: 100 kg/m .
Suitable for maximum temperature of 750°C.
6.2.9 Cold Thermal Insulation

6.2.9.1 Polyisocyanurate (PIR)
Preformed rigid pipe sections or radiused and beveled slabs.
Closed cells content in accordance with ASTM D 6226: 90%.
Page 10 of 66
Maximum thermal conductivity [W/mK]: at 20°C freshly blown: 0.020 and after 6 month
ageing 0.023.
Temperature limits: -200°C through +120°C.
Maximum chloride content (ASTM C871: 60 mg/kg).
Water absorption (ASTM D 2842): Max. 5 vol. %.
3
Minimum density (ASTM D 1622): 40 kg/m .
Compressive strength (ASTM D 1621): Min. 200 kPa and 250 kPa at 10% deformation at
20°C.
6.3 INSULATING SUPPORT RINGS
6.3.1 Support Rings for Sheeting / Insulation

Support rings shall be provided as per figure 13.2. Support rings for metal sheeting shall be made of
3 x 30 mm carbon steel (St.37) strip for outer ring and stainless steel (type 304) for inner ring.
The insulation support ring materials do not require any painting (for support steel surface preparation
see section 5).
6.4 FASTENING MATERIALS
6.4.1 Binding Wire/Blanket Hooks

Bright annealed AISI 304 stainless-steel wire.
Thickness: 1.0 mm.
AISI 304 blanket hooks (1.6 mm), for blankets stitched wire mesh.
6.4.2 Bands Strapping

AISI 304 stainless steel bands and seals.
Band dimensions:
• For equipment larger than 1.000 mm: 20 mm wide X 0.5 mm thick.
• For piping: 13 mm wide X 0.38 mm thick.
6.4.3 Self-tapping Screws

• For aluminized steel sheeting : Stainless steel AISI 304 screws.
• For aluminum sheeting : Alumimium screws in accordance with ISO 1481 C.
6.4.4 Quick Release Toggles

Stainless steel AISI 304 quick release toggles shall be used.
6.5 SHEETING MATERIALS
6.5.1 Aluminum Sheeting

Aluminum Al Mg 99.5 (1S) shall be half hard quality, meeting ASTM B209-M, alloy 1060, temper H14.
Aluminium sheeting shall be applied on hot and cold service. Thickness: See tables II and VI.
Page 11 of 66
Note: As an option corrugated (3 - 5 mm corrugation height) aluminium sheeting may be considered

for straight pipe insulation.
Thickness: For circumferential corrugation: 0.5 mm; for longitudinal corrugation: 0.4 - 0.8 mm.
6.5.2 Aluminized Steel Sheeting

Steel with a T2-100c aluminum coating, in accordance with ASTM A463. Aluminium layer in
2
accordance with ASTM A428 (305 g/m in total both sides).
Aluminized steel shall be applied for sheeting of acoustic insulated systems.
Thickness: see table II.
As an alternative for aluminized steel sheeting in acoustic services, mastic covered sheeting may be
2
applied, complying with the minimum mass/m as needed for the various acoustic classes (refer to
table II).
6.5.3 Perforated Plates

Materials:
• Aluminum (refer to paragraph 6.5.1).
Aluminum to be applied for personnel protection purposes (refer to subsection 8.10).
Alternatively protective shielding can be applied with a wire netting cage, refer to figure 13.1
• Aluminized steel (refer to paragraphs 6.5.2 and 10.6).
Aluminized steel shall be applied inside the acoustic enclosures of flanges or valves.
Perforated area: At least 35%.
Hole diameter: Maximum 5 mm in a triangular grid pattern.
Plate thickness: 1 mm.
6.6 COATINGS, BANDAGES AND SEALING MATERIALS

• Joint adhesive, two component solution free (service temperature limits: -70°C to +105°C).
• Vapour barrier multiplex foil (.
• Vapour barrier joint tape , width 50 and 100 mm.
• Heavy duty mastic (mechanical bonding mastic) (service temperature limits: -45°C to +105°C).
• Glass fiber cloth, 4 threads/cm, both warp and weft, or 6 threads/cm warp and 4 threads/cm
2
weft, mass 60 g/m . (Class cloth No.10).
• Vapour stop sealant (not lower than for -105°C)
• Glass filament reinforced polyester pressure sensitive tape width 25 and 38 mm.
•
2
Glass cloth (mass approximately 600 gr/m ) with glass yarn .
• Silicon rubber compound .
• Mechanical (or corrosion) protection tape .
• Or other materials as required to comply with insulation installation instructions.
6.7 ANTI VIBRATING SEALS

The anti vibration seals of pipe supports in acoustic service follow the details as indicated in relevant
"Standard Pipe Supports" documents. These seals are excluded from the scope of specification.
Anti vibration seals other than mentioned here above (e.g. between sheeting and pipe) shall have a
minimum thickness of 3 mm and a minimum width of 50 mm.
The following materials are suitable for use in anti vibration seals:
Page 12 of 66
a. Synthetic and natural rubber (suitable for the applicable operating temperature).
b. Nonflammable felt.
c. Mineral wool as per paragraphs 6.2.1 when operating temperature of the pipe is above the
maximum allowable temperature of the rubber or felt.
7.0 INSULATION THICKNESS

Insulation thickness is listed in:
Table III: Insulation thickness for hot service (IH).
Table IV: Insulation thickness for personnel protection (PP).
Table V: Insulation thickness for cold service, based on PIR (IC).
Table VI: Classes of acoustic insulation (Class A, B or C).
Insulation shall be applied in the minimum number of layers as obtainable in commercially available
thickness nearest to the specified thickness. The number of layers for cold insulation shall be as
indicated on table VII.
Insulation thickness applied shall never be less than the thickness specified in the relevant documents.
Insulation applied in two or more layers shall have staggered joints. When insulation support rings and
mineral wool blankets are used, circumferential joints at the support rings cannot be staggered.
Each layer of insulation material shall be secured separately with binding wire, strapping band or
filament tape.
The normal operating temperature is the basis for selection of insulation thickness for heat
conservation and personnel protection. For compressors and exchangers use the higher of the inlet or
of the outlet temperatures.
The spacing of contraction joints for cold insulation shall be applied as indicated in table VIII.
8.0 THERMAL INSULATION FOR HOT SERVICES (IH)

Insulation supports shall always be supplied with water drainage possibilities.
Supports shall be such that no leakage can occur whereby the insulation can become wet.
Demountable parts shall have lifting lugs, if their mass exceeds 25 kg.
Insulation shall never start on vertical lines with the end cap facing upwards, because water will
assemble on the end cap and eventually enter the insulation material. In such cases insulation shall be
extended to the nearest horizontal part of the line.
Insulation through walls, partitions and floors shall be uninterrupted and of uniform thickness.
8.1 ITEMS NOT TO BE INSULATED

The following items shall not be insulated for heat conservation unless otherwise specified:
• Valves and flanges on insulated process lines and equipment nozzles unless otherwise
identified below. The same is applicable for spectacle blinds, spades and spacers.
Notes:
Valves and flanges and equipment nozzles in traced piping systems shall be insulated.
Page 13 of 66
Valves and flanges on insulated steam supply exhaust and condensate lines shall be insulated.
Valves and flanges and equipment nozzles in hot oil piping system shall be insulated. Special attention
shall be paid to the insulation details to prevent leaking product entering the insulation. Drainage
outlets shall be provided to give visible identification of a possible valve/flange leak (refer to subsection
8.12).
Valves and flanges in piping systems with acoustic insulation requirement class B and class C shall be
insulated. Same is applicable for the equipment nozzles if the equipment requires an acoustic
insulation.
• Manholes (including davits) and hand holes, for temperatures less than 275°C.
Notes: Manholes, etc. of equipment with acoustic insulation requirement classes B and classes
C, shall be insulated.
• Channel covers operating below 100°C.
• Untraced branches from traced lines downstream of the first block valve.
• Drain and vent piping on insulated equipment downstream of the first block valve (do not
insulate block valve).
• Pumps and Compressors (unless specifically specified, e.g. for noise insulation).
• Nameplates which indicate design and/or operating data and warnings.
• Flanges and flanged valves for hydrogen service shall never be insulated.
8.2 APPLICATION OF PIPING INSULATION
8.2.1 General
8.2.1.1 For the application of insulation blankets, the blankets with galvanized wire mesh shall not
be used on stainless-steel surfaces. For stainless-steel surfaces only blankets with
stainless-steel wire mesh shall be applied.
8.2.1.2 Mineral wool preformed pipe sections shall be used for piping less than 14”. The option for
usage of mineral wool blankets shall be applicable for piping 14” & above.
8.2.1.3 To prevent damage to insulation at flanges, equipment nozzles, valves, instruments, etc., a
distance shall be maintained between the insulation and the flanges, thus allowing free
removal of flange bolts and nuts (see figure 13.3 - distance = bolt length + 30 mm).
8.2.2 Piping Insulation with Preformed Pipe Sections

Mineral wool pipe sections as per paragraphs 6.2.1 shall be used. Segments and pipe sections shall be
close fitted to each other and the pipe wall.
Pipe sections and segments shall be fastened with stainless-steel wire as per paragraph 6.4.1.
At least three (3) wires per section shall be used, for each layer of insulation. Ends of wire shall be
pushed in the insulation material to prevent damage of the sheeting.
8.2.3 Complex Piping (3/4 Inch and Smaller)

8.2.3.1 Each winding shall be pressed tightly against the previous windings. Both ends of each cord
shall be secured to prevent unwinding.
8.2.3.2 A number of lines running parallel to each other may be insulated with mineral wool slabs
as per paragraphs 6.2.4.
8.2.4 Piping Insulation with Blankets

8.2.4.1 Application of Mineral Wool Blankets
Mineral wool blankets as per paragraphs 6.2.3 shall be used.
Page 14 of 66
Blankets shall be cut to a length equal to the circumference of the pipe plus two (2) times
the insulation thickness.
Blankets shall be wrapped around the pipe with wire mesh on the outside. Blankets shall be
close fitted to the pipe and to each other, all fitted in between support rings (if applied).
For fastening of mineral wool metal mesh blankets, the longitudinal and circumferential
joints shall be tacked with a stainless steel wire (diameter 1 mm) or stainless steel blanket
hooks at a pitch of 50 mm.
Blankets shall not be compressed more than 3 mm by the stainless-steel wires.
For vertical piping with more than one (1) insulation layer, the wire mesh of each blanket
shall be fastened to the upper support ring.
8.2.5 Traced Piping

For insulation thickness of traced piping and equipment, refer to table III.
For insulation of oil-traced, steam-traced or water-traced piping with pipe sections, oversized sections
shall be used with diameter equal to the diameter of the pipe and tracer (see figure 13.8, detail A). For
blanket insulation, a heated space shall be created using a 1 mm thick aluminum channel (see
figure 13.8, detail B).
8.2.5.1 Electrical-traced Piping
For insulation of electrically traced piping or instrument process tubing with pipe section,
oversized sections shall be considered taking into account a tracer thickness of maximum 4
mm.
Sheeting for electrical traced piping shall be provided with holes for entering and leaving the
pipe conduits of the e-tracing connection box. Holes shall be provided with a watertight
sealing.
8.3 SHEETING FOR PIPING
8.3.1 Piping 3/4 Inch and Smaller

Insulation material shall be covered with a fibreglass cloth as specified in subsection 6.6 The fibreglass
cloth shall be cut to a width equal to the circumference of the insulation material plus 50 mm. Seams of
the fibreglass cloth shall be stitched with glass yarn.
Total insulation package shall be finished with a layer of insulation coating as specified in subsection
6.6 (total dry thickness at least 1 mm).
A number of lines running parallel to each other and insulated with mineral wool slabs shall be covered
with metal sheets as per subsection 6.5
Sheets shall be mounted with an overlap of 30 mm such that no water can enter the insulation. All
seams shall be staggered. Overlapping edges of each plate shall be furrowed (swaged) (see figure
14.4).
Sheets shall be fastened with self-tapping screws at intervals of maximum 100 mm.
Where water can enter the insulation, seams shall be sealed with silicon rubber compound.
8.3.2 Piping (1 Inch and Larger)

Insulation material shall be covered with metal sheets as per subsection 6.5
Sheets shall be mounted with an overlap of at least 50 mm for both longitudinal and circumferential
seams such that no water can enter the insulation material (when sheeting diameter < 120 mm a 30
mm longitudinal overlap may be used).
Page 15 of 66
Sheets shall be formed and edges furrowed as shown in figure 13.4

Longitudinal seams for horizontal lines shall always be mounted in the area as shown in this detail. If
this is not possible, seams shall be sealed with silicon rubber compound.
Longitudinal seams for horizontal and vertical piping shall always be mounted on the lee side of the
pipe for prevailing winds. Longitudinal seams of adjacent sheets shall be staggered.
For tees, bends, elbows, reducers, etc., shall be cut, furrow and form sections of sheeting as shown in
figure 14.5.
If close fitting of sheeting around non-insulated protruding parts is not possible, sheeting shall be
provided with sealing plates. Sealing plates shall be cut to the exact dimensions of the protruding part
(see figure 13.13).
Seams where water can enter the insulation material (e.g. tees, sealing plates, etc.) shall be sealed
with silicon rubber compound.
Pipe hangers shall be provided with rain caps as shown in figure 13.6.
Ends of insulated parts at flanges, flanged valves, instruments, etc., shall be provided with end caps
(see figure 13.3).
For non-insulated flanges, flanged valves and instruments, seams between end caps, pipe and
sheeting shall be sealed with silicon rubber compound.
8.3.2.1 Fastening Screws
Sheeting shall be fastened with self-tapping screws as per paragraph 6.4.3.
At least ten (10) screws per meter for piping shall be used.
Sheeting segments for elbows and bends shall be fastened with two screws per segment.
In addition to the two screws, segments shall also be attached to each other with four
screws equally spaced over the circumference of the sheeting.
Sealing plates and sheeting sections for tees shall be fastened with minimum four screws at
maximum intervals of 100 mm.
8.3.2.2 Sheeting Expansions
Sheeting shall be provided with expansion facilities at the following locations:
a. Bends or elbows (extended end segments).
b. Between hangers or supports in long straight lines.
c. All locations where sheeting is fixed to a certain position (e.g. branch connections).
Expansion seams shall be provided with an overlap of at least 100 mm, double furrows and
fastening with a stainless-steel band between the furrows (see figure 13.4).
8.4 FLANGES AND VALVES
8.4.1 General
Flanged connections and valves to be insulated (see notes paragraph 8.1) shall be insulated with
enclosures manufactured from aluminum or aluminized steel plate as per subsection 6.5 (see figure
13.9).
Enclosures shall consist of maximum two parts. Parts shall be attached to each other with overlapping
seams such that no water can enter the insulation material. If not possible, seams shall be sealed with
silicon rubber.
The stuffing box gland of all insulated valves shall be kept outside the insulation enclosure.
Page 16 of 66
Top of vertically mounted enclosures shall be executed with a conical cover with edges overlapping the
body of the enclosure. The overlapping edge execution is also applicable for the top of horizontally
mounted valve enclosures.
Both ends of each enclosure shall be mounted over the adjacent piping insulation sheeting.
All sheeting segments of the enclosures shall be attached to each other with overlapping edges and
self-tapping screws as per paragraph 6.4.3.
All seams between metal parts of the enclosure and between the enclosure and the adjacent piping
sheeting shall be sealed with silicon rubber.
Enclosures shall be lined internally with mineral wool blankets or slabs as per paragraphs 6.2.3, 6.2.4.
Blankets shall be cut to the correct size and attached to the inside of the enclosures with clips as
shown in figure 13.12, detail "A". Wire mesh of all blankets shall face the object to be insulated. Clips
shall be screwed to the sheeting of the enclosures.
Total insulation thickness shall be equal to the insulation thickness of the adjacent piping.
8.4.2 Enclosures with Quick Release Toggles

Enclosures as described in subsection 8.4.1 for following valves and flanges shall be provided with
quick release toggles to allow frequent and/or easy removal:
• All control valves.
• All safety/relief valves.
• All remote-operated valves (air, hydraulic, electric).
• All flanges from strainers.
• All flanges and valves connected to spool pieces around pumps and compressors.
• Spectacle blinds, spades and spacers.
8.5 APPLICATION OF EQUIPMENT INSULATION

In addition to the equipment itself, skirts, legs, saddles or other supports of insulated vessels shall be
insulated along a minimum distance of 4 x the shell insulation thickness. Skirt supported vessels with
an operating temperature > 340°C, shall be provided with a “hot box” and with minimum 600 mm
insulation on the outside of the skirt, measured from the point of contact with the shell (see standard
equipment drawing (04-3230-01-Sheet 052 - 2 sheets).
Note: vessels can be columns, vessels, heat exchangers, tanks, reactors or similar equipment.
8.5.1 Application to Cylindrical Body

Cylindrical body of columns, vessels, heat exchangers, reactors and other equipment shall be insulated
with mineral wool slabs as per paragraphs 6.2.4.
At locations where mechanical damage during operation and maintenance of the plant, is possible,
clearly identified compression resistant slabs as per paragraph 6.2.5 shall be used. If design
temperature of equipment exceeds 250°C, an alternative design to prevent mechanical damage shall
be proposed. In general, possible examples could be; roofs of tanks, davits of manholes, etc.
Vertical surfaces, to be insulated will be supplied with welded on supports by the equipment Seller as
specified on the equipment data sheets and standard equipment drawings.
Mineral wool slabs shall be mounted with all longitudinal seams staggered. Slabs shall be close fitted to
the wall with all joints closely butted.
Openings in insulation layers for nozzles, manholes, etc. shall be provided for with joints closely butted.
Parts, which should remain visible such as nameplates, sight glasses, thermowells, etc. shall not be
insulated and openings in the insulation and sheeting material shall be provided.
Page 17 of 66
Insulation slabs shall be secured with strapping bands as per paragraph 6.4.2 at intervals of 500 mm
and 50 mm from the edge of each slab.
Strapping bands shall be provided with expansion elements where necessary due to equipment
expansion.
Stiffeners, rings, girders, etc. attached to insulated towers, vessels, heat exchangers, etc., shall, unless
otherwise indicated, be insulated with the same insulation materials as for the equipment concerned.
8.5.2 Application to Heads, Stiffeners, Skirts, Legs and Supports

Heads, stiffeners, skirts, legs and supports shall be insulated with mineral wool blankets as per
paragraph 6.2.3.
As an alternative the insulation / sheeting support of vessel heads may be executed with a floating ring
(diameter 6 mm) with support bands.
Blankets shall be pressed to the surface with wire mesh at the outside. Wire mesh at seams of the
blankets shall be attached to each other or the equipment using stainless-steel wire as per
paragraph 6.4.1. Joints between blankets shall be closely butted.
Stiffeners shall be insulated. The extend of insulation beyond stiffeners is T/2. (see standard equipment
drawing 04-3230-01-Sheet 052 - 2 sheets).
Insulation blankets shall not be compressed more than 3 mm after fastening.
8.5.3 Application to Nozzles

Nozzles shall be insulated as described in subsection 8.2 for piping. Insulation material of the nozzle
shall closely fits to the insulation material of the equipment body or head.
8.5.4 Insulation of Tanks

The tank shell and roof shall be insulated with tank slabs as per paragraph 6.2.7.
Flat or corrugated sheeting may be applied on tank walls < 12 meters diameter. For tanks > 12 meter
diameter only corrugated sheeting shall be applied.
The sheeting shall be fastened to the welded on insulation supports, as shown on standard equipment
drawing 04-3230-01-Sheet 049.
8.6 SHEETING FOR EQUIPMENT INSULATION
8.6.1 Execution
Insulated surfaces shall be covered with metal sheets as per subsection 6.5. Longitudinal seams shall
be staggered.
For heads and stiffeners, sheeting shall be cut in segments and formed to fit closely to the head or
stiffener.
To prevent ingress of water, sheeting shall be mounted with an overlap of 50 mm minimum at all
seams. Edges of all sheets shall be furrowed. To accommodate the overlap of the adjacent top sheets
the vertical furrow of each sheet shall be flattened over a length of 50 mm.
Sheeting shall be fastened with self-tapping screws as per paragraph 6.4.3 at minimum intervals of 150
mm.
At least one expansion seam per 10 meters or in between two (2) sheeting supports shall be provided.
Expansion seams shall be provided with two (2) furrows and an overlap of at least 100 mm. Sheeting
shall be fastened with a stainless-steel band mounted next to the second furrow (see figure 13.14).
Page 18 of 66
Inside closed vessel skirts, the insulated equipment heads and skirt insulation do not require metal
sheeting (weather proofing). The insulated bottom nozzle shall be provided with metal sheeting up to
the bottom head insulation (see figure 13.11).
Flange boxes (as required) shall be screwed on top of the vessel sheeting with self-tapping screws and
all seams shall be sealed with silicon rubber compound.
8.6.2 Protruding Parts

Openings in the sheeting for protruding parts shall be provided for. For inspection purposes, each
opening shall be 100 mm larger than the protruding part. For insulated protruding parts with insulation
thickness over 50 mm the diameter of the opening shall be equal to the total insulated diameter of the
protruding part.
Sheeting of insulated protruding parts shall be executed as described in subsection 8.3 for piping.
For non-insulated protruding parts, openings shall be closed with sealing plates, which fit close around
the protruding part. Plates shall be mounted on top of the equipment sheeting with an overlap of 50 mm
and furrowed edges (see figure 13.13).
For insulated protruding parts such as nozzles, openings shall be closed by connecting the sheeting of
the insulated protruding part to the sheeting of the equipment.
8.6.3 Sealing of Seams

Spots that do not preclude watering, despite an accurate finish, e.g. at sealing plates, protrusions, T-
pieces, etc., shall be sealed with silicon rubber compound.
8.7 INSULATING CAPS FOR EQUIPMENT HEADS, MANHOLES, HAND HOLES, ETC.
Heads of columns and vessels with a diameter up to 1000 mm, heads of heat exchangers, manholes,
hand holes, etc. shall be insulated as per the relevant details.
Seams shall have an overlap of 50 mm and shall be sealed with silicon rubber compound.
Caps shall be internally lined with mineral wool blankets or slabs as per paragraph 6.2.3, 6.2.4.
Blankets shall be cut to the correct size and pressed against the wall of the cap with wire mesh facing
the object to be insulated. Blankets shall be fastened with clips (see figure 13.12, detail "A") screwed to
the sheeting of the cap. Total insulation thickness shall be equal to the insulation thickness specified for
the equipment.
As applicable (refer to paragraph 8.1.2), caps for manholes, handholes, etc. shall be attached to the
equipment sheeting by means of a 25 mm wide flange rim attached to the open end of the cap (see
figure 13.12).
Where applicable, davits for manholes shall also be insulated by the removable cap.
8.8 INSTRUMENTS
8.8.1 Transmitters
Transmitters, which are to be insulated, shall be provided with standard prefabricated boxes as per the
project instrumentation specification and supplied by the transmitter manufacturer.
8.8.2 Displacer Chambers

Traced displacer chambers shall be insulated.
Insulation shall be executed as specified for piping.
Page 19 of 66
8.8.3 Control Valves

Control valves shall be insulated as specified for valves and flanges (see subsection 8.4).
8.8.4 Level Gauges

Traced level gauges and attached valves shall be insulated with prefabricated caps from aluminum
plate lined with 40 mm thick mineral wool slabs as per paragraph 6.2.5 or 6.2.6.
The glass shall remain visible and all seams shall be sealed with silicon rubber compound.
8.9 MACHINERY
Where specified, Machinery shall be insulated as per figure 14.25. The "heat insulation" may be read
as acoustic insulation. The insulation thickness shall be in accordance with the recommendations or
specifications of the machinery Seller.
Large machinery surfaces shall be insulated with panels or sectional insulation.
Insulation shall be applied in removable metal-jacketed sections as required for inspection or
maintenance of the equipment. The jacketed sections shall permit removal and replacement with
minimum insulation damage.
8.10 INSULATION FOR PERSONEL PROTECTION (PP)
8.10.1 Scope
Non-insulated equipment and piping or parts there of whose surface temperature are 65°C or higher
and that are within personnel reach, shall be screened or insulated so that the contact temperature is
lower than 65°C.
At least the following items shall be provided with personnel protection:
• Equipment and pipelines located aboveground or passing through floors or platforms; these
latter shall be shielded or insulated to a height of at least 2 m above the floor or platform.
• Equipment and piping near a staircase, platform, manhole, ladder, etc., if the distance is 600
mm or less.
• Piping connected to manually operated valves, 2 meter on either side.
Flanges, valves, pumps, air coolers header boxes, manholes and hand holes do not require insulation
for personnel protection.
8.10.2 Insulation Methods

8.10.2.1 For normal operating temperatures below -10°C and between 65°C and 250°C the
protection shall be by means of shielding (perforated plate or wire netting cage).
Perforated plate material shall be as per paragraph 6.5.3. For details, see figure 13.1 of this
specification.
The distance between the pipe or equipment exterior and the perforated plate shall be in
accordance with table V.
If equipment presents a danger for personnel, protective fencing may be considered.
A common shielding may be applied for two or more pipelines located next to each other.
8.10.2.2 By means of closed insulation for normal operating temperatures above 250°C.
For materials reference is made to section 6.2 and for thickness see table IV.
8.10.2.3 By Means of Warning Signs
Page 20 of 66
Where the above methods are impractical (e.g. header boxes for air coolers, external
surfaces of heaters, furnaces), warning signs shall be placed with written consent of USER.
Warning signs shall be judiciously located and shall be of sufficient size.
8.11 INSULATION / SHEETING SUPPORTS FOR HOT SERVICES
8.11.1 Piping
For insulation with blankets on horizontal piping, clamped support rings shall be attached to the piping
at intervals of 1 m to support the sheeting and to prevent compression of the blanket insulation. For
preformed sections on horizontal piping, no support rings are required.
The weight of the insulation on vertical and inclined (with angle between 45° and 90°) pipelines and
with a total insulated diameter larger than 350 mm, shall be carried by support rings, clamped around
the pipeline with an intermediate distance of 3800 mm for blankets and 5700 mm for sections. A
support ring shall also be mounted above every flange connection.
Support rings shall be as per section 6.3 (see figure 14.2).
Support ring shall be clamped around piping with an asbestos free gasket or glass fabric between the
support ring and the pipe.
8.11.2 Vessels
8.11.2.1 Banding
Expansion springs shall be provided for banding on vessels over 4.5 m in diameter and
operating above 300°C. A minimum of two (2) springs shall be used 180 degrees apart. For
each additional 7.5 m of circumference, one (1) additional spring shall be installed. Springs
shall be equally spaced around banding.
8.11.2.2 Vertical Vessels
For vertical vessels, welded-on support clips will be provided by the vessel Seller (see
standard equipment drawings 04-3230-01-Sheet 052 - 2 sheets).
The weight of the insulation shall be carried by support rings (supplied by Insulation Sub-
Contractor) clamped around the vessel (see section 6.3 and figure 14.2).
8.11.2.3 Horizontal Vessels
For the application of slabs or preformed sections, no insulation supports are required,
unless otherwise specified on the datasheets.
8.12 INSULATION OF HOT OIL SYSTEMS

To avoid possible hot-oil entrainment into the insulation material, the flanges, valves shall be insulated,
for safety reasons, with cellular glass insulation material, located at both sides of the flange, over a
length of 100 mm.
For vertical piping the cellular glass shall be located (only) on the lower side of the flange. The cellular
glass shall be glued liquid tight to the pipe by means of heat resisting kit.
The thickness of the cellular glass is the same as the thickness of the mineral wool insulation material
of the remaining piping.
Each flange shall be provided with a removable stainless steel leak detection collar with 1/8" tube,
fastened with stainless steel bands to the both flanges. The spacing between the collar and the flange
shall be sealed with a heat resistant gasket of 2 mm thick (see figure 13.10).
The leak detection device shall be supplied.
Page 21 of 66
9.0 THERMAL INSULATION FOR COLD SERVICES (IC)
9.1 GENERAL
Demountable parts shall have lifting lugs, if their mass exceeds 25 kg (e.g. valve and flange boxes or
other parts of insulation which may be removed during maintenance activities).
The execution of insulation and its sheeting shall be self-draining, preventing collection of water on or
inside the insulation.
A primary and secondary vapour barrier shall be applied on the outer layer and the next inner layer of
the insulation.
9.2 APPLICATION OF PIPING INSULATION
9.2.1 Preformed pipe sections / segments of PIR

Preformed pipe sections / segments up to and including 55 mm insulation thickness shall be applied in
single layer. The split-up of multiple layers with the various types of joints are indicated in table VII.
Elbows, tees, reducers, pipe supports, etc. shall be applied in one layer, irrespective of the layer split-
up of the adjacent preformed pipe sections / segments.
At single layer application the pipe or fitting sections / segments shall be preformed to fit the diameter
of the pipe or fitting. For multiple layer application the outer / intermediate layer shall be formed to fit
correctly over the inner layer in either sectional or segmental form.
Multiple layers of preformed pipe sections shall be applied dry and with staggered joints.
Prefabricated insulation for elbows, tees, reducers, flange- and valve boxes etc. shall be applied
wherever feasible.
For the preformed pipe sections, fittings and support, the primary and secondary vapour barriers shall
be provided with a factory applied vapor barrier multiplex foil.
For smaller elbows the factory-applied foil may be replaced by a field applied vapour barrier joint tape.
9.3 SPECIAL APPLICATIONS
9.3.1 Contraction Joints

Contraction joints are required at temperature differences (between ambient temperature and medium
temperature) in the region as indicated in table VIII.
9.3.2 Joint Adhesive

For the outer layer (or single layer), all longitudinal and circumferential ship lap and/or butt joints shall
be completely jointed with a two component solvent free joint adhesive.
For multiple layer application, the joints of the next inner layer do not require jointing by an adhesive.
The gaps between inner insulation layer and metal pipe / fitting surface and the gaps between the
multiple insulation layers shall not be provided with joint adhesives.
The full butt joint faces of the preformed pipe sections / segments with e.g. the single layer support
insulation shall be completely adhered at the full joint faces with a two component solvent free joint
adhesive. The same is applicable for other connections with single layer insulated items such as
elbows, tees, reducers, etc.
Page 22 of 66
9.3.3 Securing of Sections / Segments

Insulation sections / segments up to 1500 mm outside insulation diameter shall be secured with
filament tape 25 mm wide at intervals of 250 mm. For higher outside insulation diameters, 38 mm wide
filament tape shall be used (see figure 13.15).
9.3.4 Vapour Barriers

Both the primary and secondary vapour barriers shall be provided with vapour barrier multiplex foil.
The circumferential and longitudinal seams in the primary/secondary vapour barrier foil shall be sealed
with a self-adhesive vapour barrier joint tape.
The entire outer surface of the insulation (on top of the primary vapour barrier) shall be sealed with a
bonding mastic (heavy duty mastic), to be applied on thoroughly dry insulation/foil surfaces, which must
be smooth, even and without voids, crevices or indentations.
The first coat of the mastic (0.35 mm dry film thickness) shall be applied on top of the multiplex foil. A
layer of open mesh glass fabric no.10 shall be applied whilst this coat is still wet in a smooth manner
and be thoroughly embedded in the coat of mastic with an overlap of not less than 50 mm. Before the
first coat of mastic has become completely dry a secondary coat shall be applied. The minimum total
dry film thickness shall be 0.75 mm.
The finish shall have the fabric completely hidden, showing minimum profile.
The primary/secondary vapour barrier foil or mechanical bonding foil/mastic shall be absolutely without
cracks, holes, thin spots, open joints or seams.
Any evidence of discontinuity of the primary/secondary vapour barrier foil or mechanical bonding
foil/mastic shall be cause for rejection and repair or removal/renewal.
Repairs to the vapour barrier foil shall be carried out using self-adhesive vapour barrier joint tape.
Repairs to the mastic shall be carried out with same material and where appropriate applied with glass
cloth reinforcement.
For installation of metal sheeting self tapping screws shall not be applied.
Care shall be taken not to damage the vapour barrier with other fastenings.
9.3.5 Vapour Stops

Vapour stops shall be applied at end connections of piping and equipment locations (e.g. valves
flanges and instrumentation connections and equipment nozzles).
The vapour stop shall be applied to extent the primary vapour barrier with mechanical bonding mastic
(suitable for -45°C) or apply vapour stop sealant (suitable for -105°C) with reinforcement glass fabric as
outlined in paragraph 9.3.4. The vapour stop shall be extended over the pipe with 50 mm.
The applied mastic/sealant shall be suitable for the lower operating temperatures.
9.3.6 Pipe Supports

3
The insulation material for pipe supports is PIR with a density of 160 kg/m and shall be applied in one
(1) layer. The ship lap connections to the adjacent preformed pipe sections shall fit the multiple layer
thickness of these preformed pipe sections / segments.
The insulation material shall be executed with shop applied vapour barrier multiplex foil, covering the
maximum width of the supporting insulation material.
For jointing the ship lap longitudinal joints see the gluing requirement for the outer layer as per
paragraph 9.3.2. The insulation material of the supports shall be glued to the pipe.
The longitudinal and circumferential joints shall be sealed with a self-adhesive vapour barrier joint tape
and the primary vapour barrier shall be provided with mechanical bonding mastic and glass fabric
reinforcing as described in paragraph 9.3.4.
Page 23 of 66
Note: As an alternative the outer mastic with reinforcement, sealing can be applied by mechanical (or corrosion)
protection tape (Scotchrap™ 52 or equal).
At field installation the joints with the adjacent preformed pipe sections shall be (made) close butted
and full glued with joint adhesive.
Pipe supports and other metal parts welded or clamped to cold insulated pipes or equipment protruding
through the normal insulation shall be cold insulated for a distance of four (4) times the pipe insulation
thickness with a minimum of 100 mm.
9.4 FLANGES AND VALVES

To prevent damage to insulation at flanges, valves and instruments, piping shall be insulated up to a
distance of the flanges (distance = bolt length + 30 mm).
Flanges and valves shall be insulated with the same thickness as the adjacent pipe. Open spaces
inside the flange/valve boxes shall be filled with loose mineral wool (see figure 13.16).
Flange covers shall be preformed and fabricated in sizes, which can be handled by one man. Where
multi-layer insulation is applied, longitudinal joints shall be staggered and of a tongue and groove
construction.
Individual layers of insulation for fittings shall wherever possible be fabricated in two (2) piece covers
with individual segments glued together with a two component solvent free adhesive. Jointing the two
(2) halves and the adjacent piping insulation shall be in the same manner as specified for the
respective insulation on straight piping.
Hand wheel and stem packing shall be located outside the insulation. An opening for the bonnet in the
top section of the insulation shall be provided in order to achieve this. Gap between insulation
(enclosure) and valve bonnet shall be sealed with a vapour stop sealant.
9.5 APPLICATION OF EQUIPMENT INSULATION
9.5.1 Equipment Insulation General

The application of single and double layer insulation, vapour barriers and adhesive application, all as
outlined for piping, are also applicable for equipment.
In addition to the equipment itself, skirts, legs or supports of insulated equipment shall be insulated
along a minimum distance of 4 x the shell insulation thickness, measured from the point of contact with
the shell.
9.5.2 Application to Cylindrical Parts of Equipment

Vertical equipment shall be supplied with insulation supports as per standard equipment drawing 04-
3230-01-Sheet 051.
For equipment insulation, radiused and beveled rigid foam slabs as per paragraph 6.2.9 shall be used.
Slabs shall be close fitted to the equipment wall or the next inner insulation layer. The slabs shall be
installed with staggered joints and dependent on the application fixed with dots of installation adhesive.
The full joint faces of the insulation slabs / segments of the outer layer shall be jointed using a two
component solvent free adhesive at all sides.
Note: The adhesive shall not be used to fill gaps between two slabs. In such cases slabs shall be removed and
replaced by new close fitting slabs.
Up to 3500 mm outside insulation diameter, the slabs / segments shall be fastened with 38 mm wide
filament tape at intervals of 250 mm.
Page 24 of 66
For insulation diameters larger than 3500 mm, stainless steel banding shall be used per
paragraph 4.4.2 at intervals of maximum 300 mm. As a minimum each slab shall be fastened with two
stainless-steel bands.
9.5.3 Insulation of Equipment Heads

Equipment heads up to 1800 mm outside insulation diameter, shall be provided with rigid foam or
mitered segments, completely prefabricated in one (1) or two (2) piece(s).
In excess of 1800 mm and up to 7000 mm outside insulation diameter, the rigid foam will be
prefabricated in radiused, beveled and mitered segments.
9.5.4 Application to Flanged Nozzles, Manholes, Hand Holes, etc.

Insulation at nozzles, manholes, supports and other protrusions shall be closely fitted and provided with
a vapour stop, by either a vapour stop sealant or vapour barrier reinforcement mastic, as specified in
subsection 9.3.
Davits for manholes shall also be covered by the insulation for subject manhole.
Thickness of the applied insulation for manholes, hand holes, etc., shall be as specified for the
equipment involved.
9.6 SHEETING OF INSULATION FOR COLD SERVICES

Weatherproofing for cold insulation shall be executed as specified in section 8 for hot insulation with
following exception / amendments:
a. Caps for flanges, valves, manholes, hand holes and exchangers shall not be executed
as removable parts lined with insulation material.
Insulation is applied to the piping or equipment and the sheeting shall be mounted
around the insulation as specified in subject sections and figure details.
b. Self- tapping screw may only be applied if no damage to the primary vapour barrier can
occur, apply free spaces between the insulation material and sheeting or apply 13 mm
wide stainless steel band.
9.7 INSTRUMENTS
9.7.1 Transmitters
Transmitters, which are to be insulated, shall be insulated with special boxes.
9.7.2 Displacer Chambers

Insulation shall be executed as specified for piping.
9.7.3 Control Valves

Control valves shall be insulated as specified for valves and flanges.
9.7.4 Level Gauges

Insulation of level gauges and attached valves shall be executed as specified for piping. However, it
shall be ensured that glasses remain visible. Openings in the insulation shall be covered with Perspex
glasses. Seams shall all be sealed with silicon rubber.
Page 25 of 66
10.0 ACOUSTIC INSULATION
10.1 GENERAL
The installation requirements for heat insulation as presented in section 6 of this specification also
apply to acoustic insulation with the following additions/exceptions.
For noise insulation the insulation material shall have a density between 65 (50 for class A insulation)
3 4
and 150 kg/m and a flow resistivity of 25000-75000 Ns/m
An essential feature of acoustic insulation is that the sheeting shall not be in direct or indirect metal to
metal contact with the pipe. Any such contact will allow a transmission of vibrations to the cladding,
which will reduce or nullify the noise reduction of the insulation; it may even enhance the noise
radiation, because of the greater surface area of the sheeting.
To prevent metal to metal contact with the pipe support, rings shall contain resilient elements and
contact between sheeting and pipe shall be avoided by anti-vibration seals.
Resilient elements shall not be pre-stressed or pre-tensioned to the extent that their operational range
of deflections is exceeded.
The sheeting shall be completely sealed by design or by application of silicon rubber compound to
prevent flanking noise.
Gaps between the sound absorbing materials along the pipe shall be avoided. The material shall be
fixed properly in vertical systems to avoid collapsing of the blankets due to vibrations or thermal
expansions.
10.2 EXTENT OF ACOUSTIC INSULATION (AC)

There are three general classes of acoustic insulation, denoted Class A, Class B and Class C.
Reference is made to Tables II & VI for definitions of the acoustic insulation classes.
Class A:
Flanges and valves need not be insulated for acoustic insulation in class A, unless acoustic insulation
is combined with thermal insulation for which the requirements of subsections 8.4 and 9.3.7 are
applicable.
Class B:
Distance and support rings shall be avoided if possible. Where used they shall conform to
paragraphs 10.3 and 6.4.6 and figure 13.21.
All flanges and valves shall be insulated to the same class as the pipe. Pipe supports shall be insulated
up to the concrete or steel base (see figure 13.18).
Class C:
Distance and support rings shall be avoided if possible. Where used they shall conform to
paragraphs 10.3 and 6.4.6 and figure 13.21.
All flanges and valves shall be insulated to the same class as the pipe. Pipe supports shall be insulated
up to the concrete or steel base (see figure 13.18). Where a steel structure is used as a base, it shall
also be insulated, if there is no vibration isolation between steel structure and pipe.
Page 26 of 66
10.3 INSULATATION SUPPORT RINGS

Rigid spacers, as used in support rings for thermal insulation, shall not be used in acoustic insulation.
Rigid spacers in support rings can be avoided as follows:
• Use mineral wool pipe sections to a maximum extent, thus eliminating the need for insulation
support rings.
• Equipment insulation support rings for insulation with mineral wool blankets with spacers
containing resilient elements.
The spring stiffness k, in N/m of a single element, in directions normal to the pipe axis should be of the
order:
Dc dr M
k < ------------ x C (N/m)
n
In which:
2
M = Mass per unit area of the cladding, kg/m .
n = Number of resistant elements in one distance ring (> 3).
dr= Distance between distance rings, m.
Dc = Diameter of cladding, m.
2
C = Deflection factor, 1/s .
The resilient elements shall have a built-in mechanical stop, in the direction normal to the pipe axis, in
order to limit its maximum deflection (see figure 14.21).
Support rings (see figure 14.23) which carry the weight of vertical stretches of acoustic insulation shall
contain resilient elements. The spring stiffness in vertical (= axial) direction k, in N/m of a single
element should be of the order:
Dc dr M
k < ----------- x C (N/m)
2n
Spring stiffness in lateral directions should be in the range as given for support rings in horizontal
piping, where possible.
Resilient elements for support rings in vertical piping have both axial and lateral mechanical stops, to
limit movements of the insulation, (even) when the resilient element fails.
Commercially available anti-vibration mountings should be used wherever possible. Where the
operating temperatures prohibit the use of natural or synthetic rubber as resilient material, other
materials should be used instead; for example, steel springs in the form of a folded band or knitted
metal.
Page 27 of 66
10.4 SHEETING
The minimum mass per unit area of the sheeting and the related thickness shall be in accordance with
tables II and VI for the class of insulation considered.
10.5 END CAPS

At all flanges the acoustic insulation shall be terminated with an end cap (see figure 14.20) and this
shall be located as close to the flange as possible but still allow bolt removal. The end cap shall be
isolated from the pipe by means of an anti-vibration seal (see subsection 10.7). The edges of end caps
shall be folded where they rest on the anti-vibration seal.
10.6 ACOUSTIC ENCLOSURES

When the noise radiated from a flange or valve has to be reduced, the flange or valve shall be
surrounded by an acoustic enclosure.
Acoustic enclosures shall be manufactured as specified in subsection 8.4 for thermal insulation;
however, all joints shall be sealed to prevent noise leakage.
The acoustic enclosure shall have an outer surface of metal sheet equal to that of the sheeting of
adjacent pipes. The porous layer shall be similar in material and thickness to that used on the piping,
and shall be retained by perforated sheeting (refer to paragraph 6.5.3) This sheeting shall be at least
10 mm away from the flange or valve (see also subsection 8.4).
Where acoustic enclosures are installed around flanged joints they shall be of sufficient length to
overlap the ends of the pipe sheeting by at least 100 mm for class A and 200 mm for classes B and C.
Metal to metal contact between enclosure and adjacent piping sheeting shall be prevented by means of
an anti-vibration seal as per subsection 10.7.
10.7 ANTI-VIBRATION SEALS

At positions where metal to metal contact would normally occur, anti-vibration seals as per
subsection 6.7 shall be applied (see figures 14.5 and 14.6). They shall have a minimum thickness of
3 mm and a minimum width of 50 mm.
The edges of enclosures or end caps (see subsections 10.5 and 10.6) shall be folded where they rest
on the anti-vibration seal. If the seal is of porous insulation material, the outer edge shall be
weatherproofed with a flexible mastic compound.
10.8 EARTHING OF SHEETING

In hazardous areas sheeting segments shall be connected in such a way that they are galvanically
earthed to prevent electrostatic charging. This may be achieved either by using a fastening method that
ensures an electrical connection, e.g. self-tapping screws, or by applying special braided wire between
segments.
The sheeting shall be galvanically connected to the pipe or any other earthed part of the structure at
each end of the acoustic insulation.
Page 28 of 66
11.0 COMBINED HEAT/COLD CONSERVATION AND ACOUSTIC INSULATION
11.1 COMBINED HEAT CONSERVATION AND ACOUSTIC INSULATION

When insulation is required for heat conservation as well as for acoustic reasons the thickness of the
porous layer shall be determined by the more stringent of the two requirements.
The insulation material, sheeting and support rings shall be as specified for acoustic insulation.
Application of insulation, sheeting and support rings shall be executed as described in sections 8 and 6
as far as applicable.
Sheeting shall be completely sealed after insulation to prevent noise leakage.
11.2 COMBINED COLD CONSERVATION AND ACOUSTIC INSULATION

When insulation is required for cold conservation as well as for acoustic reasons, insulation package
shall be applied as follows:
• Apply cold insulation system including coating or vapor barrier as described in section 9 but
excluding sheeting.
• Apply acoustic insulation system over surface of cold insulation material as described in
sections 10 and 8 as far as applicable. When insulation support rings are installed in
combination with blankets over the surface of the cold insulation, it shall be taken care not to
damage the cold insulation during fastening of the support rings.
• Apply sheeting as described in sections 10 and 8 as far as applicable. Sheeting shall be
completely sealed after insulation to prevent noise leakage.
12.0 PROTECTION OF STAINLESS STEEL PIPING AGAINST ZINC CONTAMINATION

Protection against zinc contamination shall be applied on critical non-insulated stainless steel piping,
which is located in fire hazardous areas and in the vicinity of galvanized steel structures or platforms.
The protective shielding shall be applied on horizontal piping sections; preventing direct contact with
dripping molten zinc or zinc in vapor phase during a fire (this zinc contamination may cause
embrittlement in stainless steel).
The piping involved will be identified on the P&ID line list.
The protective shielding shall be executed as follows:
The upper 180° circumference of the pipe shall be provided with an aluminized steel plate, as per
subsection 6.5.2, with thickness as per table II. The steel plate shall be installed with stainless steel
support rings with minimum three (3) distance pieces as detailed in figure 14.24. The distance between
the pipe and the protection plate is 25 mm.
Page 29 of 66
TABLE I
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY MINERAL WOOL (W/mK)
TANK SHELL SLABS

PARAGRAPH 6.2.3
PARAGRAPH 6.2.1
PARAGRAPH 6.2.4
PARAGRAPH 6.2.7
PARAGRAPH 6.2.8
PARAGAPH 6.2.5
(COMPRESSION
PIPE SECTIONS
TEMPERATURE
BOILER SLABS
LOOSE WOOL
RESISTANT)
BLANKETS
AVERAGE
SLABS
(°C)
ROCKWOOL ROCKWOOL ROCKWOOL ROCKWOOL ROCKWOOL ROCKWOOL

50 0.038 0.037 0.038 0.037 0.038 0.040
100 0.045 0.043 0.046 0.043 0.054 0.049
150 0.055 0.051 0.055 0.049 0.068 0.061
200 0.066 0.060 0.065 0.056 0.085 0.075
250 0.079 0.071 0.077 0.064 0.106 0.092
300 0.095 0.083 0.090 0.130 0.110
350 0.113 0.097 0.103
400 0.132 0.110 0.127
Page 30 of 66
TABLE II
MINIMUM THICKNESS OF INSULATION SHEETING (mm)
ITEM TO BE HOT or COLD ACOUSTIC

INSULATED THERMAL
CLASS A CLASS B CLASS C
(note 1)
Aluminium Aluminized Steel (note 2)
2
Minimum Mass kg/m 2 5 10
Piping
(Total insulation diam.)
< 200 mm 0.8 0.56 0.8 1.3
200 – 600 mm 0.8 0.8 0.8 1.3
> 600 mm 1.0 0.8 0.8 1.3
Flange and valve 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.3
covers
Equipment (note 3) 1.0 0.8 0.8 1.3
Notes: 1 Tolerance ± 4%.
As an alternative for aluminized steel sheeting in acoustic services, mastic covered metal sheeting may
2
be applied, complying with the minimum mass/m as needed for the various acoustic classes.
For tanks, corrugated aluminium sheeting may be applied with 0.7 mm thickness.
Page 31 of 66
TABLE III
MINIMUM INSULATION THICKNESS TABLE FOR HOT SERVICE (mm) – (IH)
Based on application of mineral wool
(mm)
PIPE
NORMAL OPERATING TEMPERATURE (°C)
DIAMETER
NPS
(mm) 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650
(inch)
3/4” 26.7 25 25 25 40 40 50 65 65 65 75 90 100
1” 33.4 25 25 25 40 40 50 65 65 75 75 90 115
1-1/2” 48.3 25 25 25 40 40 50 65 75 75 90 100 115
2” 60.3 25 25 40 40 50 50 65 75 75 90 100 115
3” 88.9 25 30 40 40 50 65 75 90 90 100 115 125
4” 114.3 25 30 40 40 50 65 75 90 90 100 115 140
6” 168.3 25 30 40 50 50 75 90 100 100 115 125 150
8” 219.1 25 30 40 50 50 75 90 100 100 115 140 150
10” 273.1 25 30 40 50 50 75 90 100 100 125 140 165
12” 323.9 25 30 40 50 65 75 100 115 115 125 150 165
14” 355.6 30 40 40 50 65 75 100 115 115 125 150 175
16” 406.4 30 40 40 50 65 75 100 115 115 140 150 175
18” 457.2 30 40 40 50 65 75 100 115 115 140 150 175
20” 508.0 30 40 40 50 65 90 100 115 115 140 165 175
24” 609.6 30 40 40 50 65 90 100 115 115 140 165 190
30” 762.0 30 40 40 50 65 90 100 125 125 140 165 190
36” 914.4 30 40 40 50 65 90 100 125 125 150 165 200
Flat Surfaces 30 40 40 50 75 90 100 125 140 165 190 225
Note :
(1) Thickness tables calculated using 3E PLUS Insulation Thickness Computer Program Ver 3.0.
(2) Multiple layers shall be provided for thickness above 80 mm.
Page 32 of 66
TABLE IV
INSULATION THICKNESS TABLE FOR PERSONNEL PROTECTION (PP)
SHIELDING INSULATION
Insulation code P Insulation code PI
NORMAL OPERATING TEMPERATURE °C
NOMINAL PIPE t ≤ minus 10

SIZE OR VESSEL
DIAMETER 65 ≤ t ≤ 250 251 ≤ t ≤ 350 351 ≤ t ≤ 450 451 ≤ t ≤ 600
(IN INCHES)
Notes 1 & 2
Insulation Thickness in mm
< 1½ 50 40 50 65
2 50 40 50 75
3 50 40 65 75
4 50 40 65 75
6 50 50 65 90
8 50 50 65 90
10 100 50 65 100
12 100 50 75 100
14 100 50 75 100
16 100 50 75 100
18 100 50 75 115
20 100 50 75 115
24 100 50 75 115
28 100 50 75 115
30 100 65 90 115
32 120 65 90 115
Flat surfaces 140 65 90 125
Notes:
1. The dimensions represent distance between pipe and shielding plate (no insulation material to
be applied).
2. For code P insulation with a minimum thickness in accordance with 251 ≤ t ≤ 350 °C may be
applied in lieu of shielding, if more convenient.
3. Multiple layers shall be provided for thickness above 80 mm.
Page 33 of 66
TABLE V
INSULATION THICKNESS TABLE FOR COLD SERVICE (mm)

BASED ON POLYISOCYANURATE (PIR) – (IC)
Ambient temperature: 45°C

2
Maximum heat gain: 25 W/m (based on ASTM C680)
Emissivity (based on aluminium and aluminized steel): 0.4
Wind velocity: 2 m/s
NOMI
NAL PIPE
SIZE OR OPERATING TEMPERATURE °C
VESSEL
DIAMETER
(INCHES)
+20 -1 -11 -21 -31 -41 -51 -61 -71
to to to to to to to to to
+0 -10 -20 -30 -40 -50 -60 -70 -80
½ to 1 25 30 35 40 45 45 50 55 60
1½ 30 35 40 40 45 50 55 60 65
2 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 65
3 30 35 40 45 55 60 65 70 75
4 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75
6 35 40 45 55 60 65 70 75 80
8 35 40 50 55 60 70 75 80 85
10 35 45 50 55 65 70 75 85 90
12 35 45 50 55 65 70 80 85 90
14 35 45 50 60 65 70 80 85 90
16 35 45 50 60 65 75 80 85 95
18 35 45 50 60 65 75 80 90 95
20 35 45 50 60 65 75 80 90 100
22 40 45 55 60 70 75 85 90 100
24 40 45 55 60 70 75 85 90 100
30 40 45 55 60 70 75 85 95 100
32 to 36 40 45 55 60 70 80 85 95 105
38 to 42 40 45 55 60 70 80 85 95 105
above 42 and 40 50 55 65 75 85 90 100 110
flat
Note: 1 For split-up of thickness in multiple layers, refer to table VII.
Page 34 of 66
TABLE VI
REQUIREMENTS FOR ACOUSTIC INSULATION CLASSES
Density Range of Minimum Thickness Minimum Mass

Class Acoustic Insulation Porous Insulation per Unit Area of
3 2
Material (kg/m ) Layer (mm) Sheeting (kg/m )
A 50-150 50 2
B 65-150 100 5
C 65-150 100 10
Page 35 of 66
TABLE VII
INSULATION THICKNESS OF INDIVIDUAL LAYERS FOR COLD INSULATION (PIR)
Total thickness (mm) Inner layer (mm) Intermediate Outer layer (mm)
Layer (mm)
25 25 1)
30 30 1)
35 35 1)
40 40 1)
45 45 2)
50 50 2)
55 55 2)
60 3) 35 25
65 3) 35 30
70 3) 40 30
75 3) 45 30
80 3) 50 30
85 3) 55 30
90 3) 50 40
95 3) 55 40
100 3) 60 40
105 3) 65 40
110 3) 70 40
115 3) 75 40
120 3) 40 40 40
Notes:
1 Longitudinal and circumferential butt joints (for preformed pipe sections / segments, tees,
elbows, pipe supports, etc.).
2 Longitudinal ship lap joints and circumferential butt joints.
3 Preformed pipe sections / segments applied in multiple layers all butt joints.
4 The insulation of pipe supports, tees, elbows, etc. shall be applied in one layer with
longitudinal and circumferential ship lap joints (ship lapping in the thickness of the multiple
layer thickness of the preformed pipe sections / segments).
The insulation thickness of equipment shall be applied in one layer. The circumferential joint
between the body insulation and the head insulation shall be ship lap.
Page 36 of 66
TABLE VIII
CONTRACTION JOINTS FOR COLD INSULATION (PIR)
For the difference in temperature as indicated in the table below the temperature difference between
the outside surface of the insulation system (ambient temperature) and the operating temperature shall
be taken.
Contraction Distance between Joint width

Temperature Contraction joints
difference 1. Inner
Stainless Carbon PIR Stain- Carbon layer
steel Steel Insulation less steel 2. Interm.
steel Layer
3. Outer
layer
°c mm/m mm/m mm/m m m mm
from 0 to 50 0.80 0.60 2.30 - - 0-0-0
from 50 to 100 1.60 1.20 3.90 - - 0-0-0
from 100 to 150 2.40 1.80 5.20 10 12 0 - 0 - 100
from 150 to 200 3.20 2.40 6.40 8 10 0 - 0 - 100
Notes:
: α = 16.10 m/(m.K)
-6
1 The coefficient of expansion of stainless steel
: α = 12.10 m/(m.K)
-6
2 The coefficient of expansion of carbon steel
Page 37 of 66
13.0 FIGURES
13.1 CAGE FOR PERSONNEL PROTECTION
Gusset 30 x 3 mm
One per 100 mm
circumference with a
minimum of 4
Bended strip
30 x 3 mm
Wire netting
Self tapping screw

to close sheeting
(spaced at 100 mm)
Perforated plate
Spacers 10 mm clearance
See Table III from O.D. pipe
Max. 1000 mm
for length
Rounded corners
to avoid sharp
edges
Page 38 of 66
13.2 INSULATION/SHEETING SUPPORT RING
Insulation thickness
2 mm thick gasket (asbestos free)

or glass fabric
Support ring clamped
VERTICAL
around pipe
See below detail

strip 30 x 3 mm
Insulation thickness
HORIZONTAL
SECTION A-A
C.T.C 400 mm C.T.C 400 mm

≤ 3000
For temp. up to
400ºC For temperatures
above 400 °C
Vessel
Note 1)
Note 1) Welded on support clips are provided for vertical vessels only according standard equipment
drawing 04-3230-01-Sheet 052 (Vessel manufacturer scope of supply). Some Reactors or other Cr-Mo
vessels may require a special insulation support cage designed and supplied by insulation sub-
contractor (For vertical vessels where welded-on clips are not allowed).
Welded-on insulation clips are not provided for horizontal vessels and/or heat exchangers.
Page 39 of 66
13.3 NONINSULATED FLANGES AND END CONNECTIONS
Allow clearance
30 mm + bolt length
Insulation
Sheeting
HORIZONTAL
Self tapping screws HORIZONTAL
VERTICAL
Sheeting
Sheeting
Bolt length + 30 mm
Up to and including
200 mm sheeting diameter
Over 200 mm sheeting diameter
SECTION ENDPLATE
Page 40 of 66
13.4 SHEETING OVERLAP / FURROWS DETAILS
Tension rod
Pipe
Longitudinal furrows
Expansion furrows
Sheeting
Insulation
Pipe
Furrows for
sheeting diameter
< 120 mm
Diam. 10 mm drain hole

Sheeting
Insulation
Longitudinal joints Longitudinal furrow overlap

30 mm for sheeting diameter
< 120 mm and 50 mm for
sheeting diam. > 120 mm
Page 41 of 66
13.5 INSULATION OF REDUCERS AND HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL BENDS
Horizontal joint
Sheeting diameter <200 mm
Sheeting
diameter < 200 mm
Sheeting diameter ≥ 200
insulation
Pipe
Use folded
end cap fitted
over sheeting
if horizontal
Knurled edge
insulation
Page 42 of 66
13.6 RAIN COVER FOR PIPE SUPPORT
Sheeting
Rain cover Slot
Pipe
Insulation
Sheeting
SECTION A - A
Page 43 of 66
13.7 REMOVABLE INSULATION CONSTRUCTION FOR EXPANSION BELLOW
Bolt length
= insulation + 30 mm
= Insulation thickness
thickness
plus expansion length
0.8 mm thick
Thickness
Insulation
sheeting over
top half of
Fixed Bellow
point
Drain
Band with quick

release toggles
Page 44 of 66
13.8 INSULATION OF TRACED PIPING
Page 45 of 66
13.9 INSULATED VALVE
Self tapping screws
Drain hole
Drain Longitudinal
= Insulation Bolt length Band with quick Seam
thickness + 30 mm release toggles
Page 46 of 66
13.10 LEAK DETECTION TUBE
1/8 inch NPT nipple to fit

detection tube S.S. band fasteners
provided by Sub-
Contractor
40 mm
Page 47 of 66
13.11 HEAT INSULATION AT VESSEL SKIRT
HOT BOX (AIR SPACE)

H min.
Note 2)
EXTEND OF METAL
SHEETING UP TO
HEAD INSULATION
NO METAL
SHEETING
Notes: 1) The height of the inside skirt insulation is the same as for the outside skirt insulation.
2) Vessel skirt shall be provided with a ‘hot box’ (provided by the Seller of the vessel) when
the maximum operating temperature is 340°C or higher. For hot box details see standard
equipment drawing 04-3230-01-Sheet 052 (2 sheets). Minimum height H = 400 mm.
Page 48 of 66
13.12 INSULATED MANHOLE
Bend
Cut
Insulation thk’s +
0.8 mm Strip
40 mm
Hole for blind rivets
25 mm 40 mm
DETAIL “A”
Horizontal Insulation thk’s

Min. 25 mm
Manhole
Self-tapping
Min. 25 mm
screws or blind
rivets
Self-tapping
screws or blind
rivets
Vertical Manhole
Detail “A”
Insulation
thickness
Insulation
Page 49 of 66
13.13 SEALING PLATE FOR PROTRUDING PARTS
Self-tapping
screws
Sheeting
Insulation
Vessel wall
Page 50 of 66
13.14 SHEETING OF VERTICAL VESSELS
Sheeting
Provide Vessel wall

expansion joint
between two fixed Insulation
support points Support ring
Page 51 of 66
13.15 COLD INSULATION OF PIPING

Outer surface wrapped
with curable jacketing
over primary vapour
Seams barrier
Tape
Insulation
Insulation material
material
Tape
Insulation material
No self tapping
screws where
sheeting is used
Sheeting
Tape Band
Primary vapour barrier
Pipe
Seam
Secondary vapour barrier
Seams
Insulation material
Seams
Sheeting /
Primary vapour barrier mastic
Vapour barriers Band
Secondary vapour barrier
Sheeting or mastic
Insulation
materials Vapour barrier
Adhesive 50 mm
Pipe
Page 52 of 66
13.16 COLD INSULATION OF VALVE
Insulation material
Vapour stop
Vapour barrier
Loose wool
Loose Band
mineral
wool
Vapour stop
Vapour barrier
Band Insulation
Vapour
Extend vapour 25 mm barrier
barrier up to
piping insulation ≥ 50 mm Adhesive
Drain hole Bolt length
+ 30 mm
Page 53 of 66
13.17 COLD INSULATING – CONTRACTION JOINTS
100
25
25
25
100
25
100
25
25
25
100
25
Page 54 of 66
13.18 PIPE SUPPORT FOR ACOUSTIC INSULATION CLASSES “B” AND “C”
Page 55 of 66
13.19 SHEETING END CAPS FOR ACOUSTIC INSULATION
ENDCAP TO SHEETING MASTIC SEAL (SEE DETAIL B OF FIG 14.6)
ANTI-VIBRATION SEAL (SEE DETAIL A OF FIG 14.6)
Page 56 of 66
13.20 END CAPS FOR ACOUSTIC INSULATION
DETAIL A ANTI-VIBRATION SEAL DETAIL B ENDCAP TO SHEETING MASTIC SEAL
1. ENDCAP
2. MASTIC SEAL
1. ADHESIVE / SEALING LAYER

2. ANTI-VIBRATION SEAL
3. RETAINING BAND
4. ENDCAP
5. PIPE
Page 57 of 66
13.21 SUPPORT RING FOR ACOUSTIC INSULATION
1. RESILIENT PAD
2. SPRING + STOP
3. RETAINING BAND
4. SHEETING SUPPORT RING
5. SHEETING
Page 58 of 66
13.22 ALTERNATIVE ARRANGEMENTS FOR END CAPS.
Page 59 of 66
13.23 SUPPORT RING FOR ACOUSTIC INSULATION ON VERTICAL PIPING.
Page 60 of 66
13.24 PROTECTION STAINLESS STEEL SURFACES AGAINST ZINC CONTAMINATION.
SUPPORT RING
FOR PIPING FLAT STRIP 30 X 3
Refer to section 12.
Page 61 of 66
13.25 INSULATION MACHINERY
Bolt length + 30 mm
Bolt length + 30 mm Bolt length + 30 mm
Page 62 of 66
APPENDIX 1 SHT 048 – INSUL. SUPPORTS FOR STORAGE TANKS.
Page 63 of 66
APPENDIX 2 SHT 051 – INSUL. SUPPORTS FOR VERTICAL VESSELS COLD SERVICE.
Page 64 of 66
APPENDIX 3 SHT 052 – INSUL. SUPPORTS FOR VERTICAL VESSELS HOT SERVICE (2 SHEETS).
Page 65 of 66
Page 66 of 66

S-000-5390-001 Insulation of Piping and Equipment PDF

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Sohar Refinery Expansion Project

Document Title: Document No. Rev:

1.0 SCOPE ...................................................................................................................................................... 4

10.4 SHEETING .................................................................................................................................... 28

Client Oman Refineries and Petrochemicals Company LLC,

shall is to be understood as mandatory

should is to be understood as strongly recommended

may be is to be understood as giving a freedom of choice

3.2 REFERENCE STANDARDS AND SPECIFICATIONS

The order of precedence shall be the latest revision of the following:

3.3 LEGEND OF APPLIED INSULATION SYMBOLS

3.4 FIELD WELDING

4.0 EXTENT OF INSULATION

4.1 INSULATION APPLICATION GENERAL

4.2 OPERATING TEMPERATURE DEFINITION

4.3 DOCUMENTS FOR INSULATION SCOPE DEFINITION

4.3.1 For piping:

4.3.2 For equipment:

4.3.3 For instruments:

5.0 SURFACE PREPARATION, PAINTING & LETTERING

6.2 INSULATING MATERIALS

6.2.3 Rockwool Blankets (For pipe sections >= 14”)

6.2.4 Rockwool Boiler Slabs

6.2.5 Rockwool Compression Resistant Slabs

6.2.6 Fibrous Glass Cord (not to be used for stainless steel)

6.2.7 Insulation Materials for Tank Shells / Roof

6.2.8 Loose Mineral Wool

6.2.9 Cold Thermal Insulation

6.3 INSULATING SUPPORT RINGS

6.3.1 Support Rings for Sheeting / Insulation

6.4 FASTENING MATERIALS

6.4.1 Binding Wire/Blanket Hooks

6.4.2 Bands Strapping

6.4.3 Self-tapping Screws

6.4.4 Quick Release Toggles

6.5 SHEETING MATERIALS

6.5.1 Aluminum Sheeting

Note: As an option corrugated (3 - 5 mm corrugation height) aluminium sheeting may be considered

6.5.2 Aluminized Steel Sheeting

6.5.3 Perforated Plates

6.6 COATINGS, BANDAGES AND SEALING MATERIALS

6.7 ANTI VIBRATING SEALS

7.0 INSULATION THICKNESS

8.0 THERMAL INSULATION FOR HOT SERVICES (IH)

8.1 ITEMS NOT TO BE INSULATED

8.2 APPLICATION OF PIPING INSULATION

8.2.2 Piping Insulation with Preformed Pipe Sections

8.2.3 Complex Piping (3/4 Inch and Smaller)

8.2.4 Piping Insulation with Blankets

8.2.5 Traced Piping

8.3 SHEETING FOR PIPING

8.3.1 Piping 3/4 Inch and Smaller

8.3.2 Piping (1 Inch and Larger)

Sheets shall be formed and edges furrowed as shown in figure 13.4

8.4 FLANGES AND VALVES

8.4.2 Enclosures with Quick Release Toggles

8.5 APPLICATION OF EQUIPMENT INSULATION

8.5.1 Application to Cylindrical Body

8.5.2 Application to Heads, Stiffeners, Skirts, Legs and Supports

8.5.3 Application to Nozzles

8.5.4 Insulation of Tanks

8.6 SHEETING FOR EQUIPMENT INSULATION

8.6.2 Protruding Parts