Data Communication and Network

Topic: Data Communication and Networks Device

Submitted to: Sir Aqeel

Submitted By: Saad Ashfaq

Class& Roll No.: MITE (2st Semester) MITE-F18-04

Assignment description:

Data Communication and Network Devices Definition and explanation how

it’s works?

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 Data Communication and Networks
Network Devices

1) Repeater: A repeater is a network device that is used to regenerate or replicate signals that are
weakened or distorted by transmission over long distances and through areas with high levels of
electromagnetic interference (EMI).

2) Hub: A network hub is a device that allows multiple computers to communicate with each other
over a network. It has several Ethernet ports that are used to connect two or more network devices
together. Each computer or device connected to the hub can communicate with any other device
connected to one of the hub's Ethernet ports.
Types of Hub:
● Active Hub:- These are the hubs which have their own power supply and can clean, boost
and relay the signal along the network. It serves both as a repeater as well as wiring center.
These are used to extend maximum distance between nodes.
● Passive Hub:-These are the hubs which collect wiring from nodes and power supply from
active hub. These hubs relay signals onto the network without cleaning and boosting them
and can’t be used to extend distance between nodes.
3) Bridge: A bridge is a computer networking device that builds the connection with the other
bridge networks which use the same protocol. It works at the Data Link layer of the OSI Model
and connects the different networks together and develops communication between them. It
connects two local-area networks; two physical LANs into larger logical LAN or two segments of
the same LAN that use the same protocol.
Types of Bridges:
● Transparent Bridge: As the name signifies, it appears to be transparent for the other devices
on the network. The other devices are ignorant of its existence. It only blocks or forwards
the data as per the MAC address.
● Source Route Bridge: It derives its name from the fact that the path which packet takes
through the network is implanted within the packet. It is mainly used in Token ring
networks.
● Translational Bridge: The process of conversion takes place via Translational Bridge. It
converts the data format of one networking to another. For instance Token ring to Ethernet
and vice versa.

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5) Gateways: Gateway is a device which is used to connect multiple networks and passes packets
from one packet to the other network. Acting as the ‘gateway’ between different networking
systems or computer programs, a gateway is a device which forms a link between them. It allows
the computer programs, either on the same computer or on different computers to share
information across the network through protocols. A router is also a gateway, since it interprets
data from one network protocol to another.
6) Modems: Modem is a device which converts the computer-generated digital signals of a
computer into analog signals to enable their travelling via phone lines. The ‘modulator-
demodulator’ or modem can be used as a dial up for LAN or to connect to an ISP. Modems can be
both external, as in the device which connects to the USB or the serial port of a computer, or
proprietary devices for handheld gadgets and other devices, as well as internal; in the form of add-
in expansion cards for computers and PCMCIA cards for laptops.
7) Switches: A switch is a multiport bridge with a buffer and a design that can boost its efficiency
(large number of ports imply less traffic) and performance. Switch is data link layer device. Switch
can perform error checking before forwarding data that makes it very efficient as it does not
forward packets that have errors and forward good packets selectively to correct port only.
8) Routers: A router is a device like a switch that routes data packets based on their IP addresses.
Router is mainly a Network Layer device. Routers normally connect LANs and WANs together
and have a dynamically updating routing table based on which they make decisions on routing the
data packets. Router divide broadcast domains of hosts connected through it.
9) Amplifier: An amplifier is an electronic device that increases the voltage, current, or power of
a signal. Amplifiers are used in wireless communications and broadcasting, and in audio
equipment of all kinds. They can be categorized as either weak-signal amplifiers or power
amplifiers.

10) Server: A server is a computer program or device that provides a service to another computer
program and its user, also known as the client. In a data center, the physical computer that a server
program runs on is also frequently referred to as a server. That machine may be a dedicated server
or it may be used for other purposes as well.

11) Edge Router: An edge router is a specialized router residing at the edge or boundary of a
network. This router ensures the connectivity of its network with external networks, a wide area
network or the Internet. An edge router uses an External Border Gateway Protocol, which is used
extensively over the Internet to provide connectivity with remote networks.

12) Proxy Router:

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