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CHAPTER I
Introduction
In this evolving world, individuals adopt and adapt things to the environment. One of
the things that changes is the technological advancement that makes people feel
comfortable and meaningful. Lives of human beings will never be complete without
the world. Taxi‟s and jeeps are the most practical means of land transportation as of this
time.
this is their everyday experience especially in metro manila. Most people are waiting for a
long line of jeeps and taxis to board, this routine consumes a lot of time. In taxi‟s,
sometimes drivers are refuses to drive the passengers to their destination because they
The researchers proposed a mobile application that can solved this problem. It is an
advance booking of public transportation, it was named PUVHUB Manager. People can
book a public transportation like taxi, they can book their ride in advance wherever and
whenever. They only need to set up the time and location of pick-up and location of
drop-off.
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People in the Philippines are good-hearted, hard-working and most of all cheerful. but
despite of this there are problems that they are facing. One of this is the difficult to ride in
public transport due to traffic and vehicle volume especially at Metro Manila. There are
areas where people should wait in the line to ride a public transport that consumes time
The researchers have thought possible solutions to this problem. They decided to
propose an application that can book a public transport to facilitate the ride of the people.
This can make the people focus on their priorities and it can free the people to hassles like
such as going to the queue to get on board in a public vehicles and driving own car in
The proposed application was similar to the Grab application. The Grab is a
car-booking application that sends a private vehicle to ride people where they want. This
application contains personal info of passenger, history of ride, notification, help centre
and many more. This Grab application helps the people to free themselves from hassles
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application that helps people with the difficulties of riding in public transport.
1. What are main factor affecting the people for causing a delay on their every ride?
2. How the traditional way of riding of people in public transportation affects their daily life
in terms of:
-Time
-Expenses
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This research was conducted to propose and develop an application that would give
a great advantage to the people and the future researchers. The significance of the study
is to help the people about their ride in public transportation to get to their destination
with the use of the proposed application. Based on the observation, people experience in
the difficulty to ride a public transportation especially in Metro Manila, most people are
waiting for a long line of jeeps and taxis to board that results of being late in their works
or in the school.
People
This research will help the people to have a safety, convenient and speed ride in public
transportation.
Researchers
This study will be of great to the researchers‟ objectives and strategies in providing
materials for conducting future researches related to land transportation. Through this,
the materials that will be provided in this study will serve as a complete guide for them for
Future Researchers
This research will serve as a guide and foundation for the next researcher to conduct
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Conceptual Framework
the conceptual frameworks of the study. The graphical presentation has an input,
process and output. The problem of the people is the input and the process is the study
or investigations that help the researchers to know the answer or solution to the
problems and the result of the research is the output of the study.
• Worry about
their rides in • Research for
public • The PUVHUB
the possible Manager gives
transportation answer or the people safety,
solution to the convenient and
• Hassles of problem speed of ride
drving through
traffic • Analyse and • With the use of
observe the this, the people
• Wasting time nature is this can focus on their
for looking a higher priorities
parking • Think about and give more
what kind of time to their
• Tired of feeling application can families and
because of solve the friends
waiting in problem
queue
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Scope
The general purpose of this study is to help the people to a ride in a public
transportation with safety, convenient and speed wherever and whenever they want.
One of the problems of the people is the difficult to ride in public transport due to traffic
and vehicle volume especially at Metro Manila. There are areas where people should
wait on the line to ride a public transport where it takes time and feel tired.
Delimitation
because; this is for keeping the safety about the privacy of the every person.
Second limitation of this study is only focus on the development of the mobile
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Definition of Terms
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CHAPTER II
This chapter summarizes relevant findings from the related literature and related
Related Literature
This presents both of the foreign and local literature. The information‟s indicated that
gathered in internet sites, journals and various books relating to the researcher‟s topic.
Local Literature
According to Eddie Ybanez, Micab‟s taxis have three main value propositions. The
first is cost. Unlike transport network vehicle services (TNVS), Micab has no surge
pricing or even a booking fee. What you see on the meter is what you pay. The platform
earns revenue from advertisers on its taxi toppers. Second, taxis arrive to pick-up points
According to Fransisco Mauricio (Hirna), “When there are two players, the attention
is how they beat each other, rather than on the passenger. Now, with a single merged
big player, it becomes a monopoly. The question becomes, will they really do what will
benefit the passengers? So, small players like us are needed because we stay focused
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According Anthony Tan, aside from helping people find a cab, GrabTaxi is also
supposed to eliminate the all-too familiar commuter predicament of cab drivers turning
down passengers, haggling over the fare and of course the constant worrying over the
According to Marvin Dela Cruz, “We are not putting more vehicles on the road. We
are maximizing the existing number of vehicles, so we won‟t add to the worsening
traffic.” U-Hop would be useful for employees and students, who need reliable transport
services to pick them up from their homes and drop them off at their offices or schools.
According to Baker the founder of Wunder, “Safety is a top priority and community
members themselves have ultimately proven to be the best judges of who they feel
Foreign Literature
According to Bhavish Abinash (2012), there are many options avail to do bus
booking. You can book online and offline taxi. You can find out the list of taxi schedule
from BBSR to Delhi, Rourkela, Kolkata, and Ranchi and book ticket according to your
schedule. There are many providers who are providing best deals in taxi booking. Find
According to Aggarwal (Ola Cabs), “We didn‟t sell a single trip, not one,” he recalls
with a grin. “But customers used to tell me: „I will get a hotel and organize my own trip but
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can you get me a cab to go there?‟” “Our evolution was very independent of Uber and
very India-centric.”
According to Daniel Ramot (Via), “This turns the system into public transportation,”
“It‟s not a taxi that takes you where you need to go, but a system that allocates the
According to Cheng Wei, “One person can walk fast, but only a group of people can
last long.” DiDi leverages its AI capabilities to help cities develop smart transportation
solutions. DiDi has launched smart traffic lights, smart transportation screen, reversible
lane, thermodynamic diagrams of designated drivers, smart bus, smart traffic report and
Change traffic. And make it possible to get anywhere you want to go without owning a
car. We want Lyft to meet your needs, whether going out to a nice date or event and
want a nicer car, or if you're just trying to get to work every day and need something
affordable.
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Related Studies
This presents both of foreign and local studies. The information‟s that gathered in
Local Studies
According to Anthony Tan, Grab solves real local problems in Southeast Asia.
Because of that, Grab is the largest ride hailing company in the region. We will continue
to play a part in shaping Southeast Asia‟s development by doubling down on two of the
According to Fransisco Mauricio, “Hirna was created to help support Mayor Sara's
vision of improving the utilization and services of taxis in Davao to better serve
collaboration rather than disruption, which is what other taxi hailing apps aim to do.”
co-founders Eddie Ybanez and Kenneth Baylosis. They originally envisioned Micab as
We (U-Hop) have studied the traffic problems in the Philippines thoroughly and have
been researching since 2001 to come up with a solution that could lessen traffic at the
same time making the transport service convenient, affordable, safe and efficient to the
commuters.
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especially for the Philippines. We‟re a very communal people, we're very friendly. And
we don't mind sharing things. People are just more socially dynamic,”
Foreign Studies
According to Kalanick (UberPool), "It's a technology platform that connects riders and
drivers," "So you want a ride, we are going to connect you to all the transportation
providers that are available in a market, and we're going to get you the quickest pick up
time, highest quality ride, and get it to you at the lowest cost that's possible."
According to Justine Peters (Kabbee), “Out of the eight million people that lives in
Greater London, only 34% own a car. That means that unless they walk, the rest use
London‟s public transport system, or take one of the 55,000 licensed minicabs that take
Londoners to venture out and explore the city, without worrying about how they are going
company that provides integrated transport services of persons and things and
dynamically adapt to market needs. Our experience from abroad allows us to distinguish
the big changes coming in passenger transport internationally. The taxi market in Greece
should be released from outdated practices and to allow it to operate more flexibly,
based on supply and demand, as is the rest of the economy, for the benefit of the
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According to Juan de Antonio (Cabify), “if we are saying that we want to get rid of
private cars in cities, we need to offer an alternative. If people use their cars it‟s because
public transport isn‟t good enough. The regulation has to look to the future and we can‟t
close ourselves off to change to protect an industry which is obsolete. Cabify is the
solution for this problem, passenger can share their rides to other people and meet a
new friends.”
According to Shahar Waiser, “Gett isn't helping its drivers retrain, I think it‟s more
about being public and I think the market is changing, until then, we will provide the
best."
According to Jay Bregman (Hailo), “We realised that in order to give the consumer
a great taxi experience, we had to really service the drivers themselves. So, for taxi
drivers, Hailo is a social network, as well as being a payment and productivity tool.”
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CHAPTER III
This chapter covers the Method of Research Used, Subject of the Study, Data
In this study, the researcher used the descriptive method because; they think it is the
research is a fact-finding study with adequate and accurate interpretation of the findings.
It describes what is. It describes with emphasis what actually exist such as current
conditions, practices, situations, or any phenomena. The method of collecting data use
was the normative survey. This is concerned with looking into the commonality of some
elements. Since the present research is a status study, the normative survey was the
that is primarily concerned describing the nature or conditions and degree in detail of the
present situation. The emphasis is on describing rather than on judge or interprets. This
method was used because of its suitability in analyzing the existence relationships
among the variables represented by the related data gathered for this study.
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In this study, one hundred people from Pasig City and Cainta, Rizal are selected to
Random sampling is the selection on random basis of elements from sampling frame,
wherein each element has an equal chance or probability of being chosen as a subject of
this study.
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In this research, the researchers made a survey questionnaire for gather data to their
respondents. Questionnaire is a sample of primary source of data that will use to make
interpretation of data. The questionnaire has four parts. First part was the Problem of the
Study (five-point-scale), the second part was the Idea of Application answerable by Yes
or No. Third part was the Application Design (five-point-scale) and Self Experience
(Interview). This will help the researchers to quickly gather data or information.
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Sources of Data
In this study, the data used within this study is categorized into two parts. First data is
the primary source of data which has been collected from survey questionnaires that has
been given to the students as the respondents to answer and provide information about
this study. One hundred questionnaires are distributed to the respondents. Second data
is the secondary source of data which is information from articles, journal, research and
Data collection has been done during June 2018 to August 2018 by distributing the
questionnaire to sample group which is the people from Pasig City and Cainta, Rizal.
Questionnaire
It is the easiest way to collect data or information because, the researchers only
Observation
This method can help the researchers to simply records what they see in whatever
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respondents. They conferred and discussed the significance of the study and
The respondents were given 15 minutes to accomplish the forms to prevent them
After the questionnaires have been accomplished, the results were tallied and
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Data Analysis
The researchers used descriptive analysis to analyze the gathered data from the
questionnaires. Two main statistical methods are used to this study, descriptive statistics,
which summarize data from a sample using indexes such as the mean or standard
deviation, and inferential statistics, which draw conclusions from data that are subject to
random variation.
statistics that describes the way in which a group of data cluster around a central value.
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The questions that made for this study was tabulated using inferential and
the respondents, while the weighted mean to determine the results of the
accomplished questionnaires.
Percentage
It was utilized in order to come up with the percentage of the responses on the name,
% = (f/n)*100
Frequency
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Theoretical Framework
The proposed mobile application was more effective rather than the traditional public
transportation ride to wait in line or hailing on the streets because if this application used
by many people they will feel the safety because they can share their ride details with
their friends and get their destination safely, convenient because they can free their self
from hassles of driving through the traffic and fast because they can free their self from
wasting time looking for parking and the help of this application the people can focus on
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CHAPTER IV
This chapter includes the presentation, analysis and interpretation of data that have
been gathered from the questionnaires distributed to the respondents. This chapter also
contains the presentation of data in tabular form along with their corresponding
interpretations.
The results received from one hundred 100 questionnaires which are conducted to
But first, the researchers classified the respondents by age, gender location and
status. The researcher does this for us to know who will be the most user of this
application.
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Respondent Percentage
Age Range
(f) (%)
18-25 86 86 %
26-33 7 7%
34-40 3 3%
41 and above 4 4%
In table 1, it shows that 40 of the respondents or 86 percent of them are ages 18-25
years old while 7 percent are ages 26-33 years old, then 3 percent are ages 34-29 years
old and 4 percent are 41 years old and above. (86/100)100 = 86%, (7/100)100 = 7%,
Respondent Percentage
Gender
(f) (%)
Male 50 50 %
Female 50 50 %
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In this table, it presents that 50 percent of the respondents are female while 50
Respondent Percentage
Location
(f) (%)
Pasig 43 43 %
Cainta 57 57 %
Pasig City while 57 respondents or 57 percent are living in Cainta. (43/100)100 = 43%,
(57/100)100 = 57%.
Respondent Percentage
Status
(f) (%)
Employee 24 24 %
Student 76 76 %
Others 0 0%
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In this table, it shows that most of the respondents are student which is 76 percent
This part is all about the conducted data which comes from the respondents.
4% 3%
15%
48%
30%
In this chart, we can see that most of the respondents are strongly agree which is 48
percent that the traffic is the main reason that‟s why is too hard to commute. Some
people answered agree which is 30 percent while 15 percent answered neutral, then 3
percent are disagree and 4 percent are strongly disagree. Maybe because some of them
knows that vehicle volume is the main reason that‟s why they are not 100 percent
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Many people wait in a line to ride a public transportation going to their destination
5%
3%
30% 19%
43%
This chart shows that 43 percent of the respondents are agree that many people wait
in a line to ride a public transportation going to their destination while 30 percent are
strong agree, then 19 percent are neutral, 3 percent are disagree and 5 percent are
strongly disagree. Maybe because they experience this problem also that‟s why they are
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Some people are experiencing to wait a public transportation for long hours
3% 4%
39% 17%
37%
Strongly Disagree Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly Agree
In this chart, it shows that 39 percent of the respondents are strongly agree that
some people are experiencing to wait a public transportation for long hours while 37
percent are agree then 17 percent are neutral, 4 percent are disagree and 3 percent are
strongly disagree. We can say that most of them experiencing this problem that‟s they
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Some people are experiencing late to their work or school because they cannot
6% 3%
12%
51%
28%
This chart presents that most of the respondents are strongly agree which is 51
percent that some people are experiencing late to their work or school because they
cannot find a public transportation while 28 percent are agree then 12 percent are
neutral, 3 percent are disagree and 6 percent are strongly disagree. We can say that
most of the are experiencing this problem. (51/100)100 = 51%, (28/100)100 = 28%,
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62%
29%
7% 1% 1%
In this chart, it presents that 62 percent of the respondents answered that they are
strongly agree that people want to be safe in their destination with public transportation,
while 29 percent are agree then 7 percent of them are neutral, 1 percent are disagree
and 1 percent are strongly disagree. We can say that most of them wants to be safe
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26%
74%
No Yes
This chart shows that 74 percent of the respondents answered yes that they will use
an app that will book their ride while 26 percent answered no. Maybe because the 26
percent wants the traditional way of riding in public utility vehicle. (74/100)100 = 74%,
(26/100)100 = 26%.
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Do you want a safe, convenient and fast ride from public transport?
97%
3%
No Yes
In this chart, we can see that 97 percent of the respondents answered yes that they
want a safe, convenient and fast ride from public transportation while 3 percent
answered no. We can say that anyone wants to be safe while riding in public transport .
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Do you think advance booking of public transport will give a benefit to you?
12%
88%
No Yes
This chart presents that 88 percent of the respondents answered yes that advance
booking of ride will give a benefit to them while 12 percent answered no. Maybe because
the 12 percent respondents don‟t wants to disappear the traditional way of riding.
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20%
80%
No Yes
In this chart, 80 percent of the respondents answered yes that PUVHUB Manager
Application will be a great help to the people while 20 percent of them answered no. We
can say that some of them doesn‟t know how this taxi booking help them. (80/100)100
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7%
93%
No Yes
This chart presents that 93 percent of the respondents answered yes that they would
refer the PUVHUB Manager to their relatives and friends while 7 percent answered no.
We can say that this booking application will increase the user. (93/100)100 = 93%,
(7/100)100 = 7%.
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10%
27% 4%
32%
36%
In this chart, 27 percent of the respondents very much like that he features of
application will be simply while 36 percent are somewhat like and 32 percent are neutral,
4 percent are not much like and 10 percent are not at all like. We conclude that most of
them wants the application is simply. We can say that most of them want to have the
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46%
31%
0%
1%
22%
In this chart, we can see that 46 percent of respondents are very much like that the
application will be clear and user-friendly navigation while 31 percent are somewhat like
then 22 percent are neutral and 1 percent are not much like. We can say that most of
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Well-formatted content.
0%
20%
34%
46%
In this chart, it shows that 34 percent are very much like that the application will be
well-formatted content while 46 percent are somewhat like and 20 percent are neutral.
We can say that most of them wants the application to be a good content format.
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0%
15%
54%
31%
This chart presents that 54 percent of the respondents are very much like that the
application will be fast load time while 31 percent are somewhat like then 15 percent are
neutral. We can say that most of them want the application to be a fast load time.
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0%
17%
51%
32%
This chart shows that 51 percent of the respondents are very much like that the
application will be looks like professional design while 32 percent are somewhat like and
17 percent are neutral. We can say that most of them want the application to be a looks
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2%
6%
15% 31%
12%
9 AM and Above 8 AM 7 AM 6 AM 5 AM
This chart presents that 26 percent of the respondents are going to their work or
school at 5AM while 6 percent are 6AM and 15 percent are 7AM then 12 percent are
8am and 31 percent are 9AM and above. We can say that most of them are flexible time
in their work or noon class in their school. (26/100)100 = 26%, (6/100)100 = 6%,
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3% 3%
9%
85%
In this chart, 85 percent of the respondents are riding jeepney while other 9 percent
are bus then 3 percent are riding taxi and 3 percent riding tricycle. We can say that most
of the respondents are riding jeepney going to their destinations. (85/100)100 = 85%,
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How much time do you spent to wait before boarding a public transport?
26% 20%
15%
39%
This chart shows that 26 percent of the respondents are spent time of 15 minutes to
wait before boarding a public transport while 39 percent are 30 minutes then 15 percent
are 1 hour and 20 percent of them are more than 1 hour. Most of them are waiting a
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How much time do you spend travelling going to your work or school?
12%
20% 44%
24%
This chart presents that 44 percent of the respondents are travelling more than 1
hour going to their work or school while 24 percent are 1 hour then 20 percent are 30
minutes and other 12 percent are 15 minutes. Most of the respondents are travelling
more than 1 hour going to their work or school. (44/100)100 = 44%, (24/100)100 = 24%,
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If you have an application that will help you book a public transport to speed your
16%
84%
No Yes
In this table, it shows that 84 percent of the respondents are answered yes that they
will use the booking application to get to their work or school while 16 percent are no. We
can say that most of them will use the booking application. (84/100)100 = 84%,
(16/100)100 = 16%.
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CHAPTER V
Summary
whenever they want. This study aims to have the people a public transportation booking
application that will make their rides to be easy. It can helps the people to make their
2. What are main factor affecting the people for causing a delay on their every ride?
2. How the traditional way of riding of people in public transportation affects their daily life
in terms of:
-Time
-Expenses
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This descriptive method of the survey type was used in this study. People from Pasig
City and Cainta served as the respondents, out of (100) one hundred respondents, (50)
fifty of them are male while the other (50) fifty are female.
To analyze and interpret the data, the study utilized the following statistical tool:
Percentage, Likert Scale System, and Weighted mean.
TABLE 1
Based on the computation using the weighted mean, it is evident that the number 5
is the highest rank and the person wants to be safe while riding a public transport.
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TABLE 2
Based on the computation using weighted mean, it is evident that the number 2 is
the highest rank and people want a safe, convenient and fast riding from public transport.
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TABLE 3
Based on the computation using weighted mean, it is considered that number 4 is the
highest rank and people want the taxi booking application to a fast load of time.
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Conclusion
Based on the findings of the study, the following conclusions are made:
Due to traffic, it causing lack of public transport, many people are getting late
People want a safe, convenient and fast ride of public transportation going to their
destinations.
People want an application that will help them facilitate the public transport ride
process
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Recommendation
everyone to be safe and fast as they travel to their destination via public transport.
It is recommended to those commuters to free their self from the hassles of lining
people who has an own car to make their daily life hassle-free from parking.
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APPENDICES
Survey Questionnaire
First Part: Problem of the study
Please put a Check that correspond to your
Strongly Strongly
NO. opinion Disagree Neutral Agree
Disagree Agree
Traffic is the main reason that‟s why is too
1
hard to commute.
7 Do you want a safe, convenient and fast ride from public transport?
8 Do you think advance booking of public transport will give a benefit to you?
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13 Well-formatted content.
Interview:
Fourth Part: Self experience
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18. How much time do you spent to wait before boarding a public transport?
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19. How much time do you spend travelling going to your work or school?
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20. If you have an application that will help you book a public transport to speed your
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ICCT Colleges Foundations, Inc.
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http://dspace.bu.ac.th/bitstream/123456789/1971/1/Watchareebhorn_saku.pdf
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ommendations
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