TEXTILE FINISHING

Bultan
Sarkar
Govt. College of Engg. & Textile Tech.
 TEXTILE FINISHING

Any operation (other than preparation

and coloring) that improves the
appearance and/or usefulness of fabric
after it leaves the loom or knitting
machine.

Finishing is the final series of

operations that produces finished
textile fabric from grey goods.
The word "finish" means all the
different treatments applied to a
fabric to change such things as its
Appearance,
Feel or hand,
Wear ability or care requirements.
 Classification of Finishes
Textile Finishes are classified in several ways:
According to function

Aesthet Functio
ic nal
Finishe Finishe
s s
 Aesthetic Finishes
Aesthetic Finishes modify the
appearance and /or hand or drape of
the fabrics.

Mercerization
Napping And Sueding
Shearing
Softening
Stiffening
 Functional Finishes
Functional Finishes improve the
performance properties of the fabric ;
like durability, strength etc.

Antimicrobial/Antiseptic
Antistatic
Crease resistant
Flame Resistant
Mothproof
Shrinkage Control
According to the quality

Tempora Permaan
ry ent

Semi
Permane
nt
 Temporary Finishes
A finish which is not stable and goes off
after the first wash is known as temporary
finish and these finishes disappears during
subsequent washing and usage.

Calendering
Embossing
Starching
Softening
Semi permanent Finishes

A Finishing on the fabric is said to be

semi permanent finish if it is stable to
more than 5 to 10 washes and not
afterwards.

Schreiner Calendering.
 Permanent Finishes
If the finishing effect in the fabric does not
disappear and remains unaffected through
all the conditions of wear and washing
treatments, then the finish is said to be
permanent finish.

Sanforising
Resin Finish
Water Proof
Flame Proof
 According to type of machinery

Chemica Mechanic
l al
Finishes Finishes
 Chemical Finishes
Chemical finishes are usually applied to
fabric by padding followed by curing and
drying. These are also called as wet Finishes.

Stiff and transparent

Flame Retardant
Soil Release
Water Proof
Crease Resistance
Softening
 Mechanical finishes
Mechanical Finishes usually involved
specific physical treatment to a fabric
surface to cause a change in fabric
appearance. This is also known as dry finish.

Calendering
Sanforising
Milling
SOME FABRICS AFTER FINISHING OPERATON

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Calendering machines
Types of
calender
ing
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 Finishes enhancing
appearance
Treatments
enhancing
appearance include
such processes as
napping and

shearing,
singeing,


Napping and shearing
Napping is a process that may be applied to woollens,
cottons, spun silks, and spun rayons, including both woven
and knitted types, to raise a velvety, soft surface.

The process involves passing the fabric over revolving

cylinders covered with fine wires that lift the short, loose
fibres, usually from the weft yarns, to the surface, forming
a nap. The process, which increases warmth, is frequently
applied to woollens and worsteds and also to blankets.
Shearing cuts the raised nap to a uniform
height and is used for the same purpose on pile
fabrics.

The amount of shearing depends upon the

desired height of the nap or pile, with such fabrics
as gabardine receiving very close shearing.

Shearing may also be applied to create stripes and

other patterns by varying surface height
 Singeing
Also called gassing, singeing is a
process applied to both yarns and
fabrics to produce an even surface by
burning off projecting fibres, yarn
ends, and fuzz.

This is accomplished by passing the

fibre or yarn over a gas flame or
heated copper plates at a speed
sufficient to burn away the protruding
material without scorching or burning
the yarn or fabric.
Singeing
machines
Tentering,
These are final processes applied to set the warp
and weft of woven fabrics at right angles to each
other, and to stretch and set the fabric to its final
dimensions.
Tentering stretches width under tension by the use
of a tenter frame, consisting of chains fitted with
pins or clips to hold the selvages of the fabric, and
travelling on tracks.

As the fabric passes through the heated chamber,

creases and wrinkles are removed, the weave is
straightened, and the fabric is dried to its final size.
When the process is applied to wet wools it is called
crabbing;
Tentering /
stentering
machines
 Creping
 A crepe effect may be achieved by finishing.
In one method, which is not permanent, the
cloth is passed, in the presence of steam,
between hot rollers filled with indentations
producing waved and puckered areas.

 In the more permanent caustic soda

method, a caustic soda paste is rolled onto
the fabric in a patterned form; or a resist
paste may be applied to areas to remain
unpuckered and the entire fabric then
immersed in caustic soda.

 The treated areas shrink, and the untreated

areas pucker. If the pattern is applied in the
form of stripes, the effect is called plissé; an
Crepe
effect
 Raising

1. Napping
Using wire-covered rolls to "dig out" individual fiber
ends
to the surface

2. Sueding
Using abrasive-covered rolls (sandpaper, emery cloth,
etc.)
to produce shorter pile surface - does cause an apparent
shade change.
Special type of raised surface fabric is corduroy
Sueding, sanding- creates softer hand of fabric.
 suede
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 Fire Resistant finishes:
 With synthetic fiber which melt on igniting
by a flame, the molten moss is itself quite
dangerous and a fire resistant treatment is
desirable for certain end uses.

 Polyester fabrics can be made flame

resistant by treatment with an aqueous
emulsion  of xylene soluble 2,3-
dibromopropyl phosphate in a pad-cure
sequence.

 A semi-permanent effect can be produced by

treating with a mixture of ammonium
bromide and brominated phosphoric acid
esters.
Stain and Soil Resistant Finishes –
prevent soil and stains from being attracted to
fabrics.
Such finishes may be resistant to oil-bourne or water-
bourne soil and stains or both.
Stain and soil resistant finishes can be applied to
fabrics used in clothing and furniture.

Soil Release Finishes –

These finishes attract water to the surface of fibres
during cleaning and help remove soil.
• Anti-microbial finishes:
• With the increasing use synthetic fibers
for carpets and other materials in public
places, anti-microbial finishes have
assumed importance.
• Anti microbial finish   Eco-friendly anti
microbial finishing agent for cotton
fabrics & Garments.Useful for
eliminating bacterial growth due to
sweat.

• Products which are commonly applied

are brominated phenols, quaternary
ammonium compounds, organo-silver
and tin compounds which can be applied
Waterproof Finishes -Aallows no water to
penetrate, but tend to be uncomfortable because
they trap moisture next to the body. Recently,
fabrics have been developed that are waterproof,
yet are also breathable .

Water-Repellent Finishes - Water-repellent finishes

resist wetting. If the fabric becomes very wet, water
will eventually pass through. Applied to fabrics
found in raincoats, all-weather coats, hats, capes,
umbrellas and shower curtains .
Peach Finish:
Subjecting the fabric (either cotton or its
synthetic blends) to emery wheels, makes the
surface velvet like. This is a special finish
mostly used in garments.
 Finishes for Synthetic
fibers
• Heat Setting: Heat setting
of synthetic fabrics
eliminates the internal
tensions within the fiber
generated during
manufacture and the new
state can be fixed by
rapid cooling.
THANK
YOU