1

CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTINGS

Introduction

Verbal communication is the exchange of message using oral spoken

words. Verbal communication examples are talking on the phone, talking to
someone in person or making a presentation. Using verbal communication
strategies can help improve your verbal communication skills and effectiveness.
Implementing different strategies to achieve the goal of accurately relaying a
message and ensuring you’re hearing the proper message being sent back to
you by the customers. According to Bonigala (2016) as with the language in the
other fields, the language in marketing is also different from the common
language. Though the business is run mostly on figures (numbers) on bank
balance sheets, there is a need for the language in promoting the business in the
form of advertisement (publicity).

Language plays an important role in catching the eye of the customer and

in explaining the qualities of the product. In advertising the products or services

of a business, the language used must be simple yet eye-catching, short yet

elaborate enough to tell the customer what it is, and decent yet not too difficult for

an ordinary customer to understand (Business Queensland, 2016)

According to Business Queensland (2016) non-verbal is commonly used

to increase verbal communications’ effectiveness through the use of visual aids,

body language and charts. Some examples of body language are the signs that

the customers or the sellers are using in communicating with each other.

Understanding your target audience and providing non-verbal signals in running

your business are major steps to enhance your marketing skills, followed by

implementing strategies to reach your audience after the signs.

 2

In Tayabas City, vendors and business owners used marketing strategies.

They used different marketing strategies to sell their products with the goal of
earning favorable income. It is either verbal or non-verbal and on how they do the
marketing process.

When you don't have a marketing strategy, you run the risk of becoming
direction less as a company, wasting money on channels that aren't bringing you
results, and losing out on potential customers to your competitors (Chan, 2018).
In addition, according to Mcquerrey (2018) if you don't have a marketing plan in
place, you won't have a formal system of assessing where your leads and
customers came from. This means, you won't know which of your marketing
approaches works. You could be wasting money on marketing and advertising
venues that don't work for your business while under utilizing effective marketing
vehicles at the same time. If you randomly place ads, run commercials and print
promotional materials with no real goal in mind, you can overpay and see poor
results. A marketing plan that explores and defines the best marketing
approaches allows you to time your ad campaigns, buy advertising in bulk and
saturate your market for the best possible returns.

Tayabas sellers and business owners may fail to get their target goal,
because of some faulty decision making. Like for example putting a very high
income interest to their products, lying to costumers telling that their product is
the best even though, they know there would be bad effects to their costumers
and they don’t usually explain to the costumers the information that their products
possess.

From the perspective given, the researchers decided to conduct a study

on the marketing strategies being used by the sellers in Tayabas market in selling
their products and enticing their costumers. Specifically, the used of verbal and
non-verbal marketing strategies
 3

Statement of the Problem

This study aimed to determine the verbal and non-verbal marketing

strategies of sellers in Tayabas Market. Specifically, this study aimed to answer
the following questions:

1. What are the marketing strategies of sellers in Tayabas market in terms of:

a. Verbal language

b. Non-verbal language
2. What are the effects of verbal and non-verbal language as marketing
strategies?
3. What are the advantages of having marketing strategies in selling products?

Significance of the Study

The results of this study were expected to be beneficial primarily to:

Future Eentrepreneurs. They will be benefited with the data gathered in

this study when it comes to enhancing their knowledge about the strategies that
they will use in running their businesses.

ABM Students. They will be benefited by the given value information in a

way that they can acquire knowledge and ideas about the marketing strategies
that they will be using in their future businesses.

Future Researchers. They will be benefited in a way that this study will
serve as the basis or guide for them to improve their future studies concerning
marketing strategies.

Scope and Limitations

This study was limited within the marketing strategies of the selected
sellers in Tayabas market. Specifically, the verbal and the non-verbal marketing
strategies.
 4

A total of ten vendors, five vegetable vendors and five meat vendors from
Tayabas market were the selected respondents of this study and were chosen
randomly using purposive sampling technique.
The instrument used in collecting the data was unstructured interview and
observation. The gathered data from the selected respondents were critically
analyzed and interpreted by the researchers.This study was conducted from
June to October 2018.

Definition of terms

Strategy refers to the skills that are needed in making techniques and plans.
In this
research strategy is an overall plan to make their business successful
and not becoming direction less achieving their goals. In Tayabas
Market the strategy common is either verbal or non-verbal .
Market is a place for all the buyers sellers to meet the trade of goods. In
this

study the market is located in Tayabas City (Tayabas Market). This

is the location of the respondents of the study.

Marketing strategy are the strategies that are being used by the sellers in order
for

them to meet their goals and sales. In the study, this refers to the
strategies and plans of the sellers to be interviewed by the researchers.

Sellers are the ones who used the marketing strategies and they are the ones
who are capable of producing or creating their products to the
customers. In this study, they are the respondents of the study , they
are the selected vendors of the sampling composed of 5 vendors of
vegetables and 5 vendors of meat.

Verbal is spoken rather than written. The way the vendors sell their products
using
 5

vocal practices.

Non-Verbal is the expression that the vendors is using in marketing their

products. This also includes the pliers and posters that they give to their
customers.
 6

CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter presents the different literature and studies that are closely
related with the research problems. Several theories and concepts, which were
excerpted from books, journals, on line scholarly project / info database,
documents within a scholarly project / info database as well as findings of
previous studies that have connection to this study, were briefly discussed.

Related Literature

Strategy is a plan of action that an organization is capable of doing. It is

commonly used in businesses specially the marketing strategy. Marketing
strategy is like an overall game plan. It is usually done before making a business.
It consist of the strategies to be used in building up your business, the type of
promotion that you're going to use and the pricing strategy.

According to Tony Procotor (2000) as cited on the study of Amanze &

Sondengam (2008), a strategy is a plan that integrates an organization's major
goals, policies, decisions, and sequences of action into a cohesive whole. It can
be applied at all levels in an organization and pertains to any of the functional
areas of management. Thus there may be production, financial, marketing,
personnel and corporate strategies, just to name a few. May marketing, there
may be pricing, product, promotion, distribution, marketing research, sales,
advertising, merchandizing, etc. strategies. Strategy is concerned with
effectiveness rather than efficiency and is the process of analyzing the
environment and designing the fit between organization, its resources and
objectives and the environment.

Marketing strategy is a section of your business plan that outlines your

overall game plan for how you'll find and attract clients or customers to your
business or product. Marketing strategy is created before you start your
business. You can't effectively market without understanding how your business
 7

fits into the market place, your competition, how you'll compete and what you
need to achieve to reach your financial goals. Marketing strategies can be fluid,
changing as needed to improve the results. Once the business is operational,
there's a need to assess and adjust the marketing strategies from time to time to
be able to account for changing market conditions, shifts in demand, and other
factors that may impact the sales (Duermyer, 2017).

According to Kotler as cited in Grant (2014), marketing is the science and

art of exploring, creating, and delivering value to satisfy the needs of a target
market at a profit. Marketing identifies unfulfilled needs and desires. It defines
measures and quantifies the size of the identified market and the profit potential.
It pinpoints which segments the company is capable of serving best and it
designs and promotes the appropriate products and services.

Marketing can be identified as verbal and non-verbal communication.

According to Business Queensland (2016) verbal and communication skills
determine your chances of a sale - from your opening pitch to your closing
statements. Developing your questioning, vocal and conversational skills will help
you build on a strong first impression by gaining trust and establishing credibility.
Communication skills can be divided into three parts; questioning skills,
conversational skills and vocaal skills. Questioning skills can be narrow down into
five parts; closed questions, open questions, probing questions, confirming
questions and summary confirmation questions.
Questioning skills are about the appropriate, purposeful questions that can
help you identify whether your customer is likely to buy your products, and move
them through the selling process. Conversational skills are about the way you’re
connecting with your customers and build a conversation based on trust and
understanding. Vocal skills are about how important your voice is. It can make an
impact to the customers by the pitch of your voice, the volume, clarity and
accent.
According to Business Queensland (2016) a huge part of the way we
communicate occurs through non-verbal cues in conversations. This includes
 8

your body language, the way you look at others during conversations and the
facial expressions you use. Body language can back up the words you use and
how you say those words, but can also betray your true feelings if you are
uncomfortable in a conversation. There are two main aspects of body language;
the posture and gesture. Posture refers to how you sit or stand during a
conversation. Leaning forward slightly can convey apparent interest in what they
are saying, and that you are actively listening to them. Gesture such as nodding
your head and opening your palms can have a positive effect on a conversation.
You can move your hands during conversation to convey a sense of animation
about a subject, though be careful not to overdo it. Maintaining eye contact is
very important. Looking people in the eye when talking to them is a good way to
let them know you are listening to them and interested in what they have to say.
Eye contact can also convey sincerity and confidence, which is often important in
business situations. Our faces are extremely expressive, and often give our
emotions away before we have a chance to say what we feel. It is important to try
to keep your facial expressions positive during a business conversation. Smiling
is very important - a simple, natural smile is known to help the other party relax
during a conversation.
Quality of a product is also part of marketing strategy. According to Linton
(2018) managing quality is crucial for small businesses. Quality products help to
maintain customer satisfaction and loyalty and reduce the risk and cost of
replacing faulty goods. Quality is critical to satisfying your customers and
retaining their loyalty so they continue to buy from you in the future. Quality
products make an important contribution to long-term revenue and profitability.
They also enable you to charge and maintain higher prices. Poor quality
increases costs. If you do not have an effective quality control system in place,
you may incur the cost of analyzing nonconforming goods or services to
determine the root causes and retesting products after reworking them. In some
cases, you may have to scrap defective products and incur additional production
costs to replace them.
 9

'Marketing mix' is a term coined by Neil Borden to describe a combination

of fair inputs which constitute the company's core marketing programmed. It is
basically a combination of various elements. These elements are often described
as FOUR P's: product, price, place and promotion. The marketer needs to study
these four P's in order to have a marketing programmed to be able to access to
achieve the marketing goal Chavan (2014), as cited in Kotler, Armstrong, Brown
& Adam (2006).

In marketing, a product is anything that can be offered to a market that

might satisfy a want or need. Managing the product includes product planning,
product development, product design, product mix, product innovation,
standardization and branding. Positioning is "how organizations want their
consumers to see their product." Developing a positioning strategy depends on
how competitors position themselves. The pricing strategy must reflect the
benefit offered and the promotion strategy must communicate this benefit.

The management is required to determine the basis for fixing the price of
the product and then establish policies for dealing with subsidies, freight
payments, discounts or what we usually called "tawad" and other price related
situation.

Various pricing strategies generally adopted by the firms are: Penetration

Pricing Strategy, it happens when the product is introduced throughout the
market at a lower cost. Penetration pricing is the pricing technique of setting a
relatively low initial entry price, usually lower than the intended established price,
to attract new customers. This strategy aims to encourage customers to switch to
the new product because of the lower price. Skimming Pricing Strategy
emphasizes on launching the product at high price. This strategy is effective
when the potential market size is limited, buyers are willing to pay high price and
potential competition is limited.

Under the place the marketer has to look into various activities which
place the product in the hands of the customers. Here the firm needs to select
 10

the appropriate channels of distribution and effective distribution system to place

the product at right time in the market.

Promotion includes all of the activities carried out to make people be

aware of the product. These includes advertising, personal selling and various
promotional programmes. These are the major activities wherein the work of
informing and persuading the customers to buy the products. Advertising is any
form of personal or non-personal and verbal or non-verbal communication. One
can use indoor advertisements which are in the form of newspaper, magazines,
radio, televisions and films; outdoor advertising in the form of posters, painted
display, travelling display, electrical sign, skywriting and sandwichmen; direct
advertising which are directly referred to individuals/institutions/companies
through sales letters, circulars, broadsides, gifts, catalogues, package inserts,
tele calling; indirect advertising is through window display, interior display,
showrooms and exhibitions; personal selling refers to oral communication made
by the salesmen among the customers with the intension of making sale. It can
either be verbal or non-verbal communication. Verbal is a notice or
announcements to the public. It is the way the salesmen sells their products
through vocal practices; non-verbal are the expressions, pliers and posters made
by or given by the salesmen Chavan (n.d.), as cited in Kotler, Armstrong, Brown
& Adam (2006).

According to Balle (2017), consumers play a major role in marketing

research before a product or service is released to the public. Once you identify
your target consumers, you can invite these people to participate in focus groups
or send them surveys to quiz them on key elements of your marketing plan.
Questioning them about the right price to charge and what marketing message
appeals to them as a consumer can help guide your entire plan, particularly when
releasing a new product or service. Consumers also can act as agents to further
the effects of your marketing plan. With word-of-mouth marketing, consumers
who have used your product review it both offline and online and can refer other
consumers to the product. This marketing is free and very effective, as
 11

individuals tend to trust the word of people they know when it comes to trying
new products and services.
Sellers are those people who provide the goods and services. They are
those people who do the marketing strategies that they are using in their
businesses to gain customers and profit. According to Investopedia (2018) a
seller is an individual or entity who exchanges any good or service in return for
payment. In the options market, a seller is an entity who writes the option
contract and collects the premium from the buyer in return for holding a short
position in the option. The seller also takes the risk of having the short option
exercised, which would be detrimental if the underlying security moves in the
opposite of the desired direction.
Strategy is a plan of action that focus on achieving goals, policies
decisions and plan of action. One of the type of strategy is the marketing
strategy. This strategy entails the plan of action the businessman needs to do in
order to compete with their competitors, to achieve their financial goal and to
attract customers. Tony Proctor (n.d.) as cited in Amanze & Sondengam (2008),
states that strategy is essential in making a business. While, Duermyer (2017),
gives an introduction to marketing strategy wherein he mention it's importance to
business. It was also supported by Kotler as cited in Grant (2014). The term
marketing mix is coined by Neil Borden. It describe the 4P's in a business
namely; product, price, place and promotion. It was therefore discussed by
Chavan (2014) as cited in Kotler, Armstrong, Brown & Adam (2006). As cited,
there are two various pricing strategy, the penetration and skimming pricing
strategy which was further discussed. Lastly, Balle (2017), define consumers and
their role in a business.
Therefore, marketing strategy is essential in conducting a business.
Without it, your business might just go bankrupt. And with this, you are able to
compete with your competitors and achieve the goals that you and your business
needed.

Related Studies
 12

There are different research studies or thesis concerning marketing

strategies. Most of it talk about on how to satisfy the customers and the
marketing strategies of different businesses. Below are some of the lists of
studies related to the present studies in accordance to the authors.

Based on the study of Jenkins, (2015), entitled marketing strategies for

profitability in small independent restaurants wherein they use a purposeful
criterion sampling technique and semi-structured interviews to determine the
marketing strategies of small independent restaurant owners that is needed for
profitability. Data has been collected from interviews and archival business
records were analyzes to generate themes, also allowing for triangulation. In this
study, the researcher found out that word of mouth and social media marketing
were powerful strategies that small independent restaurant owners should use to
retain customers and gain new customers.

According to the study of Furrer (2006), entitled marketing strategies

wherein the researcher proposed to improve the marketing strategies of the firm
in order to adopt the new consumers' taste, global environment, and the
development of worldwide commercial web. The marketing strategy of the firm
should be develop around three key dimensions: (1) standardization-adaptation,
(2) configurations coordination, and (3) strategic integration. He defines a firms'
marketing strategy as the development of and decision about a firms'
relationships with its key stakeholders, its offerings, resource allocation, and
timing.

On the study of Jaakkola (2006), entitled Strategic marketing and it’s effect
on business performance: moderating effect of country-specific factors wherein
he attempts to fulfill the evident research gap in effectiveness studies and to
identify the best practices in strategic marketing for Finnish companies. The
researcher used an empirical data to contain the data of marketing and
performance of 5627 companies in 13 countries. In addition to the full sample
analysis, the researcher used comparison studies in order to examine the
individual countries. Structural equation modeling was the primary statistical
 13

method applied. The full-sample results indicate that effect of inside-out

marketing capabilities on financial performance is the strongest, followed by
innovation orientation, outside-in marketing capabilities and market orientation.
The researchers found out that Finnish companies were found to be among the
least effective in strategic marketing.

Based on the study of Wang’Ondu (2016), entitled Marketing strategies

and customer satisfaction: A case study of the institute of executive coaches-East
Africa wherein he examined the relationship between the marketing strategies of
cost leadership and differentiation on firm performance specifically customers'
satisfaction. The researcher used descriptive research and both qualitative and
quantitative data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire. The
collected data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences
(SPSS). The researcher found out that IEC-EA products were currently poor
positioned hence the customers were unsatisfied. The organization need to
elevate the quality of product, price and purchase conditions to meet the
customers' expectations and create a positive relationship.

According to the study of Tran & Nguyen (2013), entitled Effective

Strategic Marketing Plan for Viet’S Corner Oy wherein the researchers aim to
develop a strategic marketing plan. The study offers not only theoretical part but
also applied knowledge. The research was carried out with the combination of
Qualitative and Quantitative Methods. Semi-structured interview was used in
qualitative research while a questionnaire was sent to more than 150 people as
part of quantitative research. The researchers found out that there were three
main groups of potential customers: private customers with high income over
2,800 euros, retirees, and companies operating in Vietnam or intending to
expand their business to Vietnamese market. In order to reach those potential
customers, a community about Vietnamese culture and cuisine would be
established so that Viet’S Corner could interact with its current and potential
customers.
 14

On the study of Vincent (2005), entitled marketing strategy formulation in

the commercialization of new technology wherein he wants to synthesize 23
years of innovation research findings from economic, organization theory,
strategy and marketing literatures and extend the current theoretical knowledge
based on the domains through meta-analysis. The researcher used empirical
evidence to identify the nature of the relationship between innovation and its
antecedents and consequences. The study is able to provide an empirical
examination of the role of dynamic capabilities in the effective formulation of
marketing strategies.

Based on the study of Ludikova (2008), entitled proposal of a marketing

strategy wherein the subject of the study is a proposal of a marketing strategy for
a particular company. Scientific information on marketing process of
segmentation, target in and positioning based on different opinions in marketing
theory and practice is presented within it as well as various kinds of situation and
environment analysis. The proposal of this study is assessed according to
economic criteria.

According to the study of Walsh (2013), entitled Business Development

and Marketing Strategy in Early-stage Technology Start-up Businesses: The
Importance of Understanding the Customer wherein he sets out to explore the
role of a marketer and the importance of the customer in an early stage
technology start-up business when exploring the commercial options for a new
technology or product. The researcher compares three strategic marketing
models and draws on insights from academic and practice-based literature to
justify the use of Kotler and Armstrong’s Marketing Process Model. He
recommends a customer-led approach to marketing within a technology start-up
team. The researcher recognizes the importance of a marketer’s role in
establishing, maintaining and nurturing relationships with potential customers in
order to drive and inform product development.

As stated above, these certain studies were related to this research study.
Both of the study of Tran & Nguyen (2013) and a study from Jenkins (2015) used
 15

semi-structured interview while on the study of Wang'Ondu (2016) he used a

self-administered questionnaire in order to gather the data that he need. Furrer
(2006), proposed to improve the marketing strategy of the firm in order to adopt a
new consumer's taste etc. Jaakkola (2006) used an empirical data, comparison
studies and structural equation as a statistical method applied in order to gather
the data needed. Vincent (2005) also used empirical evidence. Walsh (2013) sets
out to explore the role of marketer and importance of customer in an early stage
technology start-up business when exploring the commercial options for a new
technology or product. Furthermore, these related studies give account and
credibility to make this research study valid.

The researchers noticed that most of the studies listed above focused on
using semi-structured interview and questionnaire in order to determine the data
needed for their studies.

Conceptual Framework
Marketing strategy is a business's overall game plan for reaching
people and turning them into customers of the product or service that the
business provides. Using marketing strategies help sellers to achieve their goal
and be successful in their businesses.
According to Duermyer (2017), marketing strategies are created before
you start your business. You can't effectively market without understanding how
your business fits into the market place, your competition, how you'll compete
and what you need to achieve to reach your financial goals.
In the study of Walden, data has been collected from interviews and
archival business records were analyzed to generate themes, also allowing for
triangulation. The researcher found out that word of mouth and social media
marketing were powerful strategies that the small independent restaurant owners
should use to retain customers and gain new customers.
Based on the related literature and related studies above, advertising
using social media is the source that the small independent business will use in
order to retain their customers and to gain new customers. The sellers need to
 16

understand how his/her business will be , how to compete to the other sellers
and what you need to do to achieve your financial goals before you start your
business.
Marketing

Research Paradigm Strategies

Verbal Non-Verbal

Effects

Advantage

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of Marketing Strategies of Sellers in Tayabas

Market

Figure 1 showed the Schematic diagram of the study wherein the

researchers set out to find the marketing strategies of sellers in Tayabas market.
The researchers wanted to find out those verbal and non-verbal marketing
strategies that the sellers are using. In doing so, the researchers also sought for
the possible effects of using non-verbal and verbal language as marketing
strategy and which is more effective. Lastly, were the advantages of having
marketing strategies in selling a product.
 17

CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

This chapter provided the methodology used in conducting this study.

This includes research, design, locale, population and sample, research
instrument and data gathering procedures.

Research Design

This study utilized a qualitative form of research. Specifically,

phenomenological research was used by the researchers as their research
design. Using the gathered data, the researchers were able to identify the verbal
and non-verbal marketing strategies of the sellers in Tayabas market.

Research Locale

This study was conducted in Tayabas market located at Brgy. Angeles

Zone-1, Tayabas City. The researchers chose Tayabas market as their research
locale because they could easily approach and observe the chosen respondents
for the reason that the researchers were also located in Tayabas City.

Research Sampling

Five meat vendors and five vegetable vendors were the respondents of
the study. They were chosen using purposive sampling technique. Purposive
sampling technique produces a sample population that is logically assumed by
the researchers that is perfect to be their respondents. The researchers chose
ten respondents to be able to have an accurate and reliable result.

Research Instrument

The researchers utilized an interview and observation as the main data

gathering instrument. The researchers used unstructured interview which are
 18

open ended and informal questions. Furthermore, observational evaluation was

also utilized wherein they observed the non-verbal behavior of the participants as
well as the recorded interview or the verbal answer of the participants. The
researchers used audio materials such as recorder and video in conducting
interviews.

Data Gathering Procedures

Necessary permission to conduct the study was first sought by the

researchers. The researcher sought permission to the sellers in the market who
served as the respondents of the study. The researchers conducted an interview
about the verbal and non-verbal marketing strategy of sellers in Tayabas market.
The data gathered from the interviews and observations were subjected to
analysis and interpretation in order to determine the verbal and non-verbal
marketing strategies of the respondents.
 19

CHAPTER IV

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

This chapter presents the result of the interviews done in identifying the
marketing strategies of the sellers in Tayabas market in terms of verbal and non-
verbal language, the effects of using the two languages as marketing strategies
and its advantages. The results of this study were revealed through qualitative
analysis and interpretation of the gathered data.

Marketing Strategies of Sellers in Tayabas Market

Marketing strategies are used by business owners in order to meet the

goal of their business, to make it grow and to achieve their target sales.
Marketing strategies could be identified as verbal and non-verbal language. This
study was divided into two parts. First part is for the sellers who used verbal
strategy, while the second is for the sellers who used non-verbal strategy. Half of
the respondents were identified as sellers who used non-verbal strategy as their
marketing strategy. And most of them are identified as meat vendors.

A meat vendor who used her personality as a marketing strategy said “lagi
mong ngitian ang iyong mga customers. Kailangang makita nila na may pleasing
personality ka.” (Always smile to your customers, they should see that you have
a good personality.)

While a meat vendor who always makes his product look presentable
uttered “Kailangang laging malinis yung pwesto tapos presentable yung
pagkakadisplay ng paninda.” (Your store should always be clean and the
products should look presentable.)

Meanwhile a vegetable vendor who looks very happy said “Lagi ka dapat
nasa good mood tsaka mukhang mabait para madaming customer ang bumili.”
 20

(You should always in a good mood and you should look nice so that the
customers will be willing to buy your products.)

Moreover another meat vendor who used quality as his marketing strategy
mentioned “Para makaakit ka ng customer kailangan maganda ang quality na
itinitinda mo.” (In order to get the attention of the customers, your products must
possess a good quality.)

Likewise a meat vendor who shared her marketing strategy added “Lagi
ka dapat attentive sa customers. Asikasuhin mo sila. Hindi ka dapat mukhang
masungit. Attractive din sa customer kung ikaw ay mabait. Dapat ibigay mo yung
produkto mong may magandang kalidad. Huwag mong bigyan ng pangit para
mas lalo kang balikan.” (You should always be attentive to customers. Always
entertain them. Be nice and approachable, costumers like sellers who have
pleasing personality. Give them your product with high quality not those with low
quality so that they will be willing to come back to you.)

On the other hand, most of the respondents who used verbal language as
their marketing strategy were the vegetable vendors. But there were also
vegetable vendors who used both verbal and non-verbal language as their
marketing strategies.

A vegetable vendor shared that charm and sweetness could also be used
as a marketing strategy, “Inaalok ko yung mga dumadaan. Ineentertain o
inaasikaso ko sila. Aayusin mo lang yung pag-aalok kailangang may lambing.” (I
offer my products to the people who are passing by. I entertain my them. Just
offer your product in a nice way and be sweet to your customers.)

Then another vegetable vendor partook her own opinion about pricing a
product telling “Kung may dumaan sa akin at bibili pero ayaw sa presyo ko, eh ‘di
h’wag. Bakit ko pipilitin kung ayaw? Pero kapag may dumaang mamimili at
gusting bumili, tsaka ko tatanungin kung anong kailangan.” (If there is someone
who wants to buy my product but he doesn’t want the price, then I don’t push him
 21

to buy it. Why would I force someone if he doesn’t want to buy it? But, if there’s a
customer who wanted to buy my products then I’ll ask what he needs.)

In like manner a vegetable vendor also shared her marketing strategy

“Aalukin mo ang customer tapos ibibigay mo ang magandang klase na gusto nya
sa tamang presyo.” (I offer and give my products that has high quality for an
affordable price.)

In addition a vegetable vendor who used low pricing as her marketing

strategy stated “Maging mabait ka, ipagbili mo ang paninda mo sa murang
halaga dahil mas maraming bibili sa’yo kung mura ang paninda mo.” (Be nice to
your customers, lower the price of your products because if you do so, many
customers will buy your products.)

Along with the given results the researchers found out that each
respondent pointed out a certain marketing strategy. For the non-verbal
language, the sellers focus on promoting the quality of their products, their
personality and the cleanliness of their place. In the contrary, verbal language is
by using strategies such as offering their products to the passersby, asking the
customers what they want or need and by telling that their products has lower
price as compared to other vendors. According to Business Queensland (2016),
questioning skills can help you identify whether your customer is likely to buy
your products, and move them through the selling process and conversational
skills are about the way you are connecting with your customers and build a
conversation based on trust and understanding.The researchers found out that
the sellers were able to entertain their customers well in different ways. First
through an effective conversational skills, they offer their products to the
passersby even though they are not even sure if the customers need their
products. Second is selling products with high quality specially for the meat
vendors they make sure that their meats are always fresh. Meanwhile the
vegetable vendors are very approachable, funny and kind. According to Business
Queensland (2016), our faces are extremely expressive, and often give our
emotions away before we have a chance to say what we feel. It is important to try
 22

to keep your facial expressions positive during a business conversation.Smiling

is very important - a simple, natural smile is known to help the other party relax
during a conversation.The researchers also found out that not all of the sellers in
Tayabas market sell their product in a lower price because some of them
believed that they don’t have to adjust the price of their products for the
customers in order to be sold by the customers. They learned that customers
bought their products because they needed it and that it has a good quality
regardless of the price.

Most of the respondents who used non-verbal language were the meat
vendors because they used the quality of their product as their marketing
strategy. The only vegetable vendor who used non-verbal language used friendly
personality in order to get the attention of the customers to buy their products. In
contrast, most of the vegetable vendors used both verbal and non-verbal
language as their marketing strategies. The researchers concluded that using
both verbal and non-verbal language as a marketing strategy is more effective to
entice customer’s choice in consuming a product.

Effects of Verbal and Non-Verbal Marketing Strategy

Vendors in Tayabas City market have their own marketing strategies, so

that they could meet their target sales. Verbal and non-verbal languages as a
marketing strategies have its effects. Most of the respondents agreed that both
verbal and non-verbal languages as marketing strategies could bring positive
effects in selling their products.

Nevertheless, a vegetable vendor who didn’t experience using marketing

strategies said “Kapag wala kang ginagawa syempre hindi ka mapapansin ng
mga mamimili. Walang bibili sayo. Marami ka kasing kaagaw sa mga mamimili
kaya dapat gumagawa ka ng paraan para mapansin ka ng mamimili. Gaya ng
pagsigaw, paglalagay ng magagandang produkto sa harap nila, at pagtatanong
kung ano ang mga kailangan nila.” (If you are doing nothing of course the
customers won’t be able to notice you. No one will buy your product. You have
 23

many competitors so you should do something to get the attention of the

customers. Like shouting the name of the product you are selling, putting your
products with high quality in front of your store and by asking them what they
want or need.)

Accordingly a meat vendor who used marketing strategies exclaimed

“Syempre kung may mga ginagawa ka para makaakit ng pansin sa customer, eh
mabibili ang mga paninda mo. Lalo na kung magaganda pa yung kalidad nung
ibinebenta mo. E’di sayo na bibili ang mga mamimili.” (Of course if you do
something to entice the attention of your customer, your product will be sold.
Especially when your product has a good quality. The customers will consume
your product.)

The respondents stated that verbal language could get the attention of the
customers even if they aren't near you. Like for example by shouting or singing,
you'll be able to catch the customer's attention. However, most of the
respondents believed that the use of non-verbal is more effective. Using verbal
language, customers may easily notice you, but even if they are able to do so,
you would not know if the customer will really buy your product, unless you prove
to them that your product has good quality and affordable. According to Linton
(2018) managing quality is crucial for small businesses. Quality products help to
maintain customer satisfaction and loyalty and reduce the risk and cost of
replacing faulty goods. Quality is critical in satisfying your customers and
retaining their loyalty so they continue to buy from you in the future. Quality
products make an important contribution to long-term revenue and profitability.
They also enable you to charge and maintain higher prices.

Most of the respondents believed that verbal and non-verbal language as

marketing strategies could bring positive effects to a business. It helps a
business to cope up with the needs of the customers. The researchers also
believed that using both verbal and non-verbal as marketing strategies will surely
help a business to achieve its goals and adapt new trends. These marketing
strategies can also be a way to a business’ success. Using both marketing
 24

strategies may serve as a key to a businessman in having an edge over his

competitors. However, it is not easy to use both as marketing strategies unless
you are a veteran vendor.

Advantage of Having Marketing Strategies

Marketing strategies are the plans of business owners before putting up a

business. Strategies help a business to survive and grow. Marketing strategies
help businesses in achieving their target goals and selling their products to
customers. Most of the respondents of this study agreed that there are
advantages in utilizing marketing strategies in the market place.

According to a vegetable vendor who used a marketing strategy "Ang

pagkakaroon ng marketing strategy ay mahalaga. Yan yung nagiging gabay mo
sa business mo eh. Yan din yung magbibigay sayo ng daan upang maging
matagumpay yung negosyo mo. Eh kung wala yan, paano nalang yung negosyo
natin 'diba? Baka yun pa ang maging dahilan ng pagkalugpo ng negosyo mo."
(Having marketing strategies is important. It serve as your guide in running your
business. It can also be a way for you to be successful in your business. So if
you don't have it, what would happen to our business? It may be the cause of
business' bankruptcy.)

In contrast with, a meat vendor who didn’t use marketing strategies said
“Hindi naman ganun ka-imortante yun. Ang mahalaga determinado ka sa
business mo at talagang masipag ka. At tsaka minsan nadadala rin naman yan
ng koneksyon. Kapag marami kang koneksyon syempre saiyo pa rin ang takbo
ng mga taong kilala mo, lalo na kung pinagkakatiwalaan ka naman nila.” (That is
not important. As long as you are determined in running your business and you
are hardworking. Sometimes coonections may also help you. If you have a lot of
connections with other people, of course those people will automatically buy your
product especially if they have a trust on you already.)

There are advantages in utilizing marketing strategies in a business.

Having no marketing strategies can affect your sales, your relationship with your
 25

customer and the business itself. This situation is also the same as having bad
marketing strategies. Such situation can lead a business to bankruptcy. However,
having marketing strategies can lead your business to success especially when
your marketing strategies are effective. According to Duermyer (2017), marketing
strategy is a section of your business plan that outlines your overall game plan
for how you'll find and attract clients or customers to your business or product.
Without it, you won’t not know how your business fits into the market place, your
competition, how you'll compete and what you need to achieve to reach your
financial goals. Once the business is operational, there's a need to assess and
adjust the marketing strategies from time to time to be able to account for
changing market conditions, shifts in demand, and other factors that may give
impact to the sales.

The respondents believed that having good marketing strategies are

essential to business. It serves as the foundation of a business to stand out even
if you have many competitors. There is a gap between having marketing
strategies and not having it. If a business utilizes marketing strategies it may help
sellers to cope up with the demands of the customers. While if a business
doesn’t use marketing strategies it seems that the sellers are lacking of goals for
the business, having no path to walk on and having no one to stand with.
Consequently marketing strategies make a business stronger.
 26

CHAPTER V

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter presents the summary of the study conducted. This also
presents the findings derived from the analysis and interpretation of the results.
Furthermore, this imparts conclusion framed and recommendations offered
thereafter.

Summary of Findings
This study sought to know the verbal and non-verbal marketing strategies
of the sellers in Tayabas market. Specifically, this study aimed to assess and
determine the sellers' marketing strategies, effects of verbal and non-verbal
language as marketing strategies to the business and advantages of having
marketing strategies. This study employed a qualitative method of research.
Specifically the researchers used phenomenological research. The sampling
design used is purposive sampling technique. The whole sample for this study is
a total of ten respondents, five meat vendors and five vegetable vendors. The
instrument utilized in conducting the study is unstructured interview and
observation to find the verbal and non-verbal marketing strategies of the sellers
in Tayabas market. The timeframe of this study was from June to October 2018.
The study was conducted during the available time of the respondents.
Based on the results, the researchers found out the marketing strategies
being used by the sellers in Tayabas market. The findings show that four meat
vendors and one vegetable vendor out of ten respondents used non-verbal as
their marketing strategy. While three vegetable vendors and one meat vendor
used both verbal and non-verbal as their marketing strategies. The non-verbal
marketing strategies that the respondents were using are the quality of the
products, their attitude or personality and the cleanliness of the place. On the
other hand the verbal marketing strategies were identified as, their techniques of
offering their products and their pricing strategy which is penetration pricing
 27

strategy. Moreover effects of verbal and non-verbal as marketing strategies to the

business, showed that verbal and non-verbal marketing strategies have positive
effects to the business. When business owners used verbal language as
marketing strategy, they were able to get the attention of their customers by
offering their products. Unlike manner when business owners used non-verbal
language as their marketing strategy, they were able to sold their products after
telling the customers that their product is high in quality. Hence the advantages of
having marketing strategies are, the sellers were able to stand out over their
competitors. Marketing strategies served as the sellers' guide to the success of
their business. It prevents their business from the probable cause of bankruptcy.

Conclusions
Most of the respondents who used non-verbal as their marketing strategy
were meat vendors. Non-verbal marketing strategies were identified as, the
product's quality, attitude and personality of the sellers and cleanliness of the
place.Whereas, verbal marketing strategies were identified as, the seller's pricing
strategy, the way they offered their products and asking the needs of the
customers.
Verbal and non-verbal as marketing strategies have an effect to a
business. First, it increased the sale or income of the sellers, second it helped
the sellers gained many customers and lastly it helped the sellers build good
relationship with the customers in order to get their loyalty.
Marketing strategies gave a lot of advantages to business owners. It
increased the process of selling a product. It also served as the business’ guide
to achieve growth and success. Furthermore customers would buy products,
because the sellers are good in doing sales talk.
 28

Recommendations
Based on conclusions, the following recommendations were formulated by
the researchers:

1. Parallel studies concerning the verbal extent of knowledge about verbal

and non-verbal as marketing strategies.
2. The interview may be subjected to validation and acceptability test to
assess its reliability.
3. Qualitative procedures in data gathering should be included to increase
the reliability of results.
4. The method of research used may be changed to provide additional
knowledge on the marketing strategies of sellers.
5. Future researchers may replicate this study using other locales and with
increased number of respondents.
6. Fruit vendors in the market may include as respondents of the study.
 29

References
Amanze, C.N.& Sondengam, B.K.A. (2008). An Analysis of Marketing Strategies

of an Integrated Facility Services Company: The Case of ISS,

Sweden.Retrieved from https://www.diva-
portal.org/smash/get/diva2:833238/FULLTEXT01.pdf

Belle, L. (2017). What is the role of consumer in the marketing?. Retrieved from

https://bizfluent.com/info-7816502-role-consumer-marketing.html

Bonigala, M. (2016) Importance of language in marketing. Retrieved from

https://www.

spellbrand.com/importance-of-language-in-marketing

Business Queensland. (2016). Verbal communication skills for selling.

Retrieved from https://www.business.qld.gov.au/running-

business/marketing-sales/sales/skills/verbal-communication

Business Queensland. (2016). Non-verbal communication. Retrieved from

https://www.business.qld.gov.au/running-business/marketing-
sales/managing-relationships/communicating-effectively/non-verbal

Chan, J. (2018). No strategy, no customers: How to build a profitable

marketing strategy. Retrieved from https://foundr.com/marketing-strategy/

Chavan, A. (2014). Developing Marketing Strategies for Enhancing the Use

of Solar

Energy Products. Retrieved from

http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/77658/13/13_chapter5.p
df

Duermyer, R. (2017).Marketing Strategy for Home Business Success.

 30

Retrieved from https://www.thebalancesmb.com/marketing-strategy-for-

home-business-success-1794314

Furrer O. (2006). Marketing strategies. Retrieved from https://www.research

gate.net/publication/230743793_Marketing_Strategies

Grant, V. (2014).Marketing Strategy Definition By Kotler. Retrieved from earchtri

ggers.com/marketing-strategy-definition-kotler/

Investopedia (2018). Seller. Retrieved from

https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/seller
.asp
Jaakkola, M. (2006). Strategic marketing and It’s effect on business
performance:moderating effect of country-specific factors. Retrieved from
http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?
doi=10.1.1.314.3269&rep=rep1&type=pdf
Jenkins, W. (2015). Marketing strategies for profitability in small independent
restaurants.Retrieved from
https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?
referer=https://www.google.com/&httpsredir=1&article=2406&context=diss
ertations
Linton, I. (2018). Why is quality important for a business? Retrieved from https:
//smallbusiness.chron.com/quality-important-business-57470.html
Ludikova, J. (2008). Proposal of a marketing strategy. Retrieved from
https://is.mu
ni.cz/h/grdmq/diplomova_prace_Jana_Ludikova_103092.pdf
Mcquerrey, L. (2018) Consequences of not having a marketing plan. Retrieved
from
https://smallbusiness.chron.com/consequences-not-having-marketing-
plan-50097.html
 31

Tran, L., Nguyen, T. & Ly, V. (2013). Effective Strategic Marketing Plan for Viet’S
Corner Oy. Retrieved from
https://www.theseus.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/53692/Thesis_Viet%20S
%20Cor
ner%20.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
Vincent, L. (2005). Marketing strategy formulation in the commercialization of
New technologies. Retrieved from
https://smartech.gatech.edu/bitstream/handle/1853/7238/vincent_leslie_h_
200508_phd.pdf
Wang’Ondu, A. (2016). Marketing strategies and customer satisfaction: A case
study
of the institute of executive coaches-East Africa. Retrieved from
http://erepo.usiu.ac.ke/bitstream/handle/11732/2740/Anne%20Wangondu
%20MBA%20Thesis%202016.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
Walsh, I. (2013). Business Development and Marketing Strategy in Early-
stage
Technology Start-up Businesses: The Importance of Understanding the
Customer. Retrieved from
https://researcharchive.vuw.ac.nz/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10063/3495/thes
is.pdf?sequence=2
 32

APPENDICES
 33 33

APPENDIX “A”
COMMUNICATIONS

September 6, 2018

Sir/Madam:

The researchers are Grade 11 students taking up Accountancy, Business and Management
in Luis Palad Integrated High School and presently working on their study entitled
Verbal and Non-Verbal Marketing Strategies of Sellers in Tayabas Market

In connection with this, the researchers would like to ask permission from you to conduct
an interview and observation in Tayabas market as the main source of data in their study.

They hope for your kind consideration and favorable response. May the Lord God bless
you always.

Respectfully yours,

(SGD)JOHN PAULO GUAÑO

(SGD)JEROME RANILLO
(SGD) SAMUEL MARRO SALIPORAN
(SGD) JESSALYN ABILA
(SGD) WILMA BORIJON
(SGD) MICHELLE ANNE CABILE
(SGD) NIÑA MIKAELA YANILLA
Student-Researchers

Noted by:

(SGD)MS. CHARLENE A. JAVIN

 34
34
Research Adviser

APPENDIX “B”
PAPER OF AGREEMENT FOR THE RESPONDENTS

VERBAL AND NON-VERBAL MARKETING STRATEGIES OF

SELLERS IN TAYABAS MARKET

Paper of Agreement

I, ___________________________________, vendor of ________ in Tayabas

market, am whole-heartedly willing to to participate in this study as one of the
respondents. I will answer the questions in the interview to help the researchers conduct
their study successfully. I will sign this agreement as a proof of my willingness.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE INTERVIEW

1. The interview will circulate in the topic only which is about the verbal and non-
verbal marketing strategies.
2. The interview will last about 5-10 minutes.
3. As a respondent, you have the right to hide your identity as a sign of
confidentiality.
4. There are no wrong answers. All of your answers will be highly appreciated by
the researchers.
5. You can say no to the recordings and documentations if you are uneasy with it.

___________________________
___________________________
Date Signature Over Printed
Name
 35 35

APPENDIX “C”
QUESTIONS FOR THE INTERVIEW

1.What do you use as marketing strategies in order to gain customers?

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
_____________________

2. What is/are the effect/s of verbal language as marketing strategy?

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
__________________

3. What is/are the effect/s of non-verbal language as marketing strategy?

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________

4. What is/are the advantage/s of having marketing strategies?

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________
 36

APPENDIX “D”
PARTICIPANTS’ RESPONSE

Non-Verbal Marketing Strategies

A meat vendor who uses her personality as a marketing strategy said “lagi mong
ngitian ang iyong mga customers. Kailangang makita nila na may pleasing personality
ka.”

A meat vendor who makes his product look presentable said “Kailangang laging
malinis yung pwesto tapos presentable yung pagkakadisplay ng paninda.”

A vegetable vendor who look very happy said “Lagi ka dapat nasa good mood
tsaka mukhang mabait para madaming customer ang bumili.”

A meat vendor uses quality as his marketing strategy said “Para makaakit ka ng
customer kailangan maganda ang quality na itinitinda mo.”

A meat vendor shares her marketing strategies said “Lagi ka dapat attentive sa
customers. Asikasuhin mo sila. Hindi ka dapat mukhang masungit. Attractive din sa
customer kung ikaw ay mabait. Dapat ibigay mo yung produkto mong may magandang
kalidad. Huwag mong bigyan ng pangit para mas lalo kang balikan.”

Verbal and Non-verbal marketing Strategies

A vegetable vendor shares her opinion about pricing a product said “Kung may
dumaan sa akin at bibili pero ayaw sa presyo ko, eh ‘di h’wag. Bakit ko pipilitin kung
ayaw? Pero kapag may dumaang mamimili at gusting bumili, tsaka ko tatanungin kung
anong kailangan.”

A vegetable vendor share that charming and sweetness can also be a marketing
strategy said “Inaalok ko yung mga dumadaan. Ineentertain o inaasikaso ko sila. Aayusin
mo lang yung pag-aalok kailangang may lambing.”

A vegetable vendor shares her marketing strategy “Aalukin mo ang customer

tapos ibibigay mo ang magandang klase na gusto nya sa tamang presyo.”
 37

A vegetable vendor who uses low pricing as her marketing strategy said “Maging
mabait ka, ipagbili mo ang paninda mo sa murang halaga dahil mas maraming bibili
sa’yo kung mura ang paninda mo.”

A meat vendor shared “Binibigyan ko ng produkto kong may magandang kalidad

ang aking mga customers. Quality kumbaga.”
Effects of Verbal and Non-verbal as Marketing Strategy

A vegetable vendor who experienced not using marketing strategies said “Kapag
wala kang ginagawa syempre hindi ka mapapansin ng mga mamimili. Walang bibili sayo.
Marami ka kasing kaagaw sa mga mamimili kaya dapat gumagawa ka ng paraan para
mapansin ka ng mamimili. Gaya ng pagsigaw, paglalagay ng magagandang produkto sa
harap nila, at pagtatanong kung ano ang mga kailangan nila.”

A meat vendor who uses marketing strategies said “Syempre kung may mga
ginagawa ka para makaakit ng pansin sa customer, eh mabibili ang mga paninda mo. Lalo
na kung magaganda pa yung kalidad nung ibinebenta mo. E’di sayo na bibili ang mga
mamimili.”

A vegetable vendor shared “Ang epekto ng verbal strategies sa may negosyo ay

mas makakahikayat ka ng mamimili lalo na kung magaling kang mag-sales talk.”

Another vegetable vendor said “Siguro ay kung pareho mo silang ginagamit sa

business mo ay mas maganda ang kalalabasan.”

A meat vendor shared “Kapag maganda o organisado ang produkto mo ay hindi

mo na kailangan ng verbal strategy dahil lalapit na sa iyo ang mga customers.”

Another meat vendor shared “ Syempre may epekto ang paggamit ng mga ‘yun.
Mas lalago ang business mo at dadami ang customers mo lalo na kung maganda ang
pakikitungo mo sa kanila.”

A vegetable vendor said “ Ang epekto ‘nun eh lalaki ang magiging benta mo tsaka
magkakaroon ka ng maraming suki. Yun ay kung magaling kang magsales talk. Kasi
hindi naman lahat ay magaling dun.”
 38

Another vegetable vendor shared “Kapag magaling kang mangusap sa tao ay mas
nahihikayat mo sila na sayo na bumili.”

A meat vendor said “Kung may alam ka sa pag sa sales talk mas madami ang
taong pupunta sayo at bibili ng produkto mo.”

Another meat vendor shared “Depende sa tao, dahil ang iba ay tumitingin sa
produkto kahit na walang kang ginagamit na sales talk ay mahihikayat mo padin sila dhil
sa linis at ayos ng paninda mo.”
Advantage of Having Marketing Strategies

A vegetable vendor who uses a marketing strategy said "Ang pagkakaroon ng

marketing strategy ay mahalaga. Yan yung nagiging gabay mo sa business mo eh. Yan din
yung magbibigay sayo ng daan upang maging matagumpay yung negosyo mo. Eh kung
wala yan, paano nalang yung negosyo natin 'diba? Baka yun pa ang maging dahilan ng
pagkalugpo ng negosyo mo."

Another vegetable vendor shared “Nagkakaroon ng kaalaman kung mang-akit o

mang-engganyo ng mamimili ang mga tindero at tindera lalo na yung mga bago palang
nagsisimula sa negosyo.”

A meat vendor who didn’t use marketing strategies said “Hindi naman ganun ka-
imortante yun. Ang mahalaga determinado ka sa business mo at talagang masipag ka. At
tsaka minsan nadadala rin naman yan ng koneksyon. Kapag marami kang koneksyon
syempre saiyo pa rin ang takbo ng mga taong kilala mo, lalo na kung pinagkakatiwalaan
ka naman nila.”

Another meat vendor said “Mas mapapabilis ang pagbebenta ng produkto dahil
may stratehiya kang ginagamit para bumili sila sayo.”

A vegetable vendor said “Mapapalago mo ang negosyo dahil marami ang nabili.
Kung marami kang naibebenta magiging daan yun para mas dumami ang kita mo at mga
bagong produkto.”
 39

Another vegetable vendor shared “Pag may marketing strategies ka sa business

mo ay mas mapapadali ang bentahan mo.”

A meat vendor shared “Mas mahihikayat mo ang mga customer kapag may mga
paraan ka tulad nalang ng pag aalok sa tuwing dadaan sila at kapag maayos ang produkto
mo.”

Another meat vendor said “Advantage nito ay paniguradong magkakaroon ka ng

benta dahil kapag wala kang paraan sa pagbebenta ng paninda mo ay walang pupunta
sayong customer.”

A vegetable vendor said “Mas mahihikayat mo ang mga nadaan na sayo bumili.”

A meat vendor shared “Paniguradong madami sayong bibili lalo na kapag ma-
sales talk ka at kapag ang paninda mo ay maayos at maganda.”
 40

APPENDIX “E”
DOCUMENTATION

Vegetable Vendors

Vendor 1 Vendor 2

Vendor 4 Vendor 5
 41

Meat Vendors

Vendor 1 Vendor 3

Vendor 5