16.

In the late 1970’s and early 1980’s, the United States developed the reusable space shuttle
________to space cheaper and easier.
A. to make access
B. and making access
C. which made accessible
D. and made accessible.
Pembahasan: to Infinitive

17. Genetically, the chimpanzee is more similar to humans _______.

A. are than any other animal
B. than is any other animal
C. any other animal is
D. and any other animal is
Pembahasan: Comparative Degree

18._______more than 65,000 described species of protozoa, of which more than half are fossils.
A. Being that there are
B. There being
C. Are there
D. There are
Pembahasan: There are (Subject di belakang verb)

19.The Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890 ___ nearly unanimously through the United States Congress.
A. passed
B. in passage
C. having passed
D. passing
Pembahasan: Kehilangan verb

20.Modern skyscrapers have a steel skeleton of beams and columns ___a three-dimensional grid.
A. forms
B. from which forming
C. and forming
D. that forms
Pembahasan: Adjective Clause

21.The average level of United States prices grew very little from 1953 until the mid-1960’s when
____________.
A. did inflation begin
B. inflation began
C. the beginning of inflation
D. did the beginning of inflation
Pembahasan: Adverb clause --> kehilangan subject & verb

22.The basis premise behind all agricultural production is _____available the riches of the soil for human
consumption.
A. to be made
B. the making
C. making is
D. to make
Pembahasan: to infinitive --> be (is, are, am, was, were) + to inf.

23.___to the United States House of Representatives in 1791, Nathaniel Macon remained in office until
1815.
A. Election
B. Why he was elected
C. Elected
D. Who was elected
Pembahasan: Past Participle / Reduction in Adjective Clause

24.________ of classical ballet in the United States began around 1830.

A. To teach
B. Is teaching
C. It was taught
D. The teaching
Pembahasan: Kehilangan Subject. Ingat Noun + of + Noun

25.The universe is estimated ___between 10 billion and 20 billion years old.

A. being
B. to be
C. which is
D. is
Pembahasan: to infinitive

26. A situation in which an economic market is dominated by a ____ is known as a monopoly.

A. single of a product seller
B. product single of a seller
C. seller of a product single
D. single seller of a product
Pembahasan: Adjective (single) + Noun (seller) ---> Noun + of + Noun

27.____ freshwater species of fish build nests of sticks, stones, or scooped-out sand..
A. As the many
B. Of the many
C. Many
D. Many of them are
Pembahasan: Butuh pelengkap subject.

28.Newspaper publishers in the united states have estimated ___________reads a newspaper every
day.
A. nearly 80 percent of the adult population who
B. it is nearly 80 percent of the adult population
C. that nearly 80 percent of the adult population who
D. that nearly 80 percent of the adult population
Pembahasan: Noun Clause kehilangan subject

29. The foundation of all other branches of mathematics is arithmetic, _ science of calculating with
numbers.
A. is the
B. the
C. which the
D. because the
Pembahasan: Appositive

30.Nylon was ___the human-made fibers.

A. the first of which
B. what the first of
C. it the first of
D. the first of
Pembahasan: butuh complement ... B dan C sudah pasti salah karena kalimat di atas telah memiliki
Subject dan Verb (lengkap u/ 1 clause).
31. Many scientists believe _____ as a result of a collision between the newly formed Earth and a large
asteroid.
A. that the Moon was formed
B. in that the Moon was formed
C. that the Moon formed was
D. when the Moon was formed
Kunci Jawaban: A. that the Moon was formed

32. The organ-pipe cactus is _____ in the United States.

A. Rare that
B. It rare
C. so that rare
D. rare
Kunci Jawaban: D. rare

33. Willa Cather,_____, gained recognition for her books concerning the American frontier.
A. a novelist and Pulitzer prizewinning
B.a Pulitzer prizewinning novelist
C.a Pulitzer prizewinning novelist who
D.was a Pulitzer prizewinning novelist
Kunci Jawaban: B. a Pulitzer prizewinning novelist

34. The average wavelength of visible light is 2,000 times _____ the diameter of an atom.
A. much as
B. as great
C. greater than
D. more than that
Kunci Jawaban: C. greater than

35. _____ ants live in nests, which may be located in the ground, under a rock, or built above ground and
may be made of twigs, sand, or gravel.
A. Most
B. The most of
C. Most of
D. Of the most
Kunci Jawaban: A. Most

36. The banking systems of the world have many similarities, _____ they also differ, sometimes in quite
material respects.
A. of which
B. in spite of
C. but
D. how
Kunci Jawaban: C. but

37. Learning that takes place in infancy provides the____ for the eventual transformation of a child into an
adult.
A. foundation is necessary
B. necessary foundation is
C. necessary in the foundation
D. foundation necessary
Kunci Jawaban: D. foundation necessary

38. In the late 1930’s and early 1940’s, Jacob Lawrence created many paintings _____ the lives of
famous African American activists.
A. portayed
B. portrayed them
C. that they portrayed
D. that portrayed
Kunci Jawaban: D. that portrayed

39. The Centennial Exposition, _____ in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in 1876, celebrated the one-
hundredth anniversary of the Declaration of Independence.
A. was held
B. to be held
C. held
D. by holding
Kunci Jawaban: C. held

40. In the dark abyss of the deep sea _____ is produced by luminescent fish.
A. because the only light
B. the only light
C. the only light that
D. is the only light
Kunci Jawaban: B. the only light

41. The classic American novel Moby Dick____ an account of the conflict between human beings and
their fate.
A. may be regarded as
B. as may be regarded
C. regarded as may be
D.regarded may as be
Kunci Jawaban: A. may be regarded as

42. In the metals industry, hydrogen is used to prevent metals from tarnishing while undergoing _____.
A. treated by heat
B. heat treatments
C. by heat treatments
D. heat-treated
Kunci Jawaban: B. heat treatments

43. Over the centuries, ____ that try to explain the origins of the university.
(A) although many theories
(B) many theories
(C) have many theories been
(D) there have been many theories
Pembahasan Jawaban:
Langkah 1: 'that try to explain the origins of the university' merupakan adjective clause. Adjective clause
menjelaskan noun yang letaknya sebelum adjective clause itu sendiri. Jadi sebelum adjective clause di
atas mesti ada noun yang dijelaskan. Pilihan C sudah jelas salah karena bukan noun yang sebelum
adjective clause tapi 'been'.
Langkah 2: Kalimat di atas terdapat 1 clause 'that try to explain the origins of the university' yang terdapat
connector 'that' yang juga berfungsi sebagai subject dari verb 'try'. Adanya 1 connector menandakan
dalam kalimat tersebut terdapat dua clause. Olehnya yang kita butuhkan dari pilihan jawaban ialah 1
clause. Clause ialah kumpulan kata yang didalamnya terdapat subject dan verb. Pilihan A dan B
bukanlah clause. Jadi pilihan yang tepat ialah pilihan D.
44. The planet Venus is almost exactly the same size and mass _____ Earth, with a similar
interior, including a nickel-iron core.
(A) to
(B) as
(C) is
(D) than
Pembahasan Jawaban: the same + as

45. George Washington Carver ____ international fame for revolutionizing agriculture research
in the southern United States during the early twentieth century.
(A) won
(B) winning
(C) who has won
(D) the winner of
Pembahasan Jawaban: Kalimat di atas kehilangan verb jadi kita butuh verb.

46. Constituting one of the earliest engineering techniques, ______ in Paleolithic time was done in order
to extend natural caves.
(A) tunnels were built
(B) which built tunnels
(C) the building of tunnels
(D) tunnels whose building
Pembahasan Jawaban: Kalimat di atas buuth subject. Verb dari kalimat di atas ialah 'was done'.

47. The tulip tree is native to the eastern United States, _____ the tallest and largest broadleaf
tree.
(A) where
(B) where it is
(C) it is where
(D) is where
Pembahasan Jawaban: 'where it is the tallest and largest broadleaf tree' merupakan adjective clause
yang menjelaskan noun sebelumnya 'the eastern United States'.

48. Elementary schools in the United states provide formal education ______ arithmetic, science, social
science, and communication skills that including reading, writing, spelling, and speaking.
(A) such subjects as basic in
(B) as basic subjects in such
(C) in such basic subjects as
(D) as in such basic subjects
Pembahasan Jawaban: pasangan kata yang benar ialah such as bukan as such. Jadi pilihan B dan D
sudah jelas salah. Ingat pola noun phrase (adjective + noun). Kita lihat dipilihan jawaban ada kata basic
(adjective) dan subjects (noun). Antara A dan C hanya C yang memnuhi syarat pola noun phrase (adj. +
noun).

49. ______ land and money enabled construction of the Union Pacific railroad to begin from Council
Bluffs, Iowa, in 1865.
(A) By the government granting of
(B) Government grants of
(C) For the government to grant
(D) Government grants so that
Pembahasan Jawaban: Yang dibutuhkan dari kalimat di atas ialah subject. Verb nya ialah 'enabled'.

50. Appointments to the United States Supreme Court and all lower federal courts ____ by the President
with the advice and consent of the Senate.
(A) making
(B) to make
(C) are made
(D) have made
Pembahasan Jawaban: Terdapat 'by' jawabannya mesti passive 'are made'.

51. The name “squirrel” is commonly used for those forms of the family Sciuridae that live in
trees, _____ it is equally accurate for ground dwelling types.
(A) whether
(B) that
(C) although
(D) in spite of
Pembahasan Jawaban: Ada dua clause. Clause 1 = 'The name “squirrel” is commonly used'; Clause 2 =
'it is equally accurate'. Untuk menghubungkan ke dua clause di atas kita butuh connector. Connector
yang tepat ialah 'although' (pilihan C)

52. Green plants combine _____ with water and carbon dioxide to make food.
(A) energy derived from light
(B) energy, derived it from light
(C) energy is derived from light
(D) from light, and energy derived
Pembahasan Jawaban: kalimat di atas sudah terdapat subject dan verb jadi kita tinggal butuh object.
Pilihan C sudah salah karen terdapat clause tanpa connector (tidak bisa jadi object). Pilihan D salah
karena terdapat 'from' --> combine + noun tanpa 'from'. Pilihan B salah karen 'derived' menjelaskan
'energy' jadi tidak lagi butuh it.
Materi ini masuk dalam topik Adjective Clause (Reduction) atau juga Past Participle

53. From the archeologist’s perspective, understanding the past is vitally important and requires ______
of earlier cultures.
(A) the ruins examined
(B) examining the ruins
(C) of the ruins to be examined
(D) that the examined ruins

54. The Texas Legislature selected Vassar Miller _____ in 1982, and again in 1988.
(A) was the state’s poet laureate
(B) as the state’s poet laureate
(C) the state’s poet laureate
(D) become the state’s poet laureate
Pembahasan Jawaban:
Langkah 1: Kalimat di atas sudah lengkap Subject dan Verb. Jadi kita tidak lagi butuh verb lainnya.
Pilihan A dan D olehnya sudah jelas salah.
Langkah 2: Ketika kita menggunakan kata 'selected' tidak lagi perlu menggunakan kata 'as' tapi langsung
saja noun setelahnya.
Contoh lain: I selected you the president of the meeting club. Kata kerja yang lain masuk dalam kategori
kata kerja semacam ini ialah: consider, find, believe, think, prove call, name, elect, appoint, nominate,
make, paint, suppose, turn (mengubah), dan build.

55. The distinguishing feature of a fluid, in contrast to a solid, is the ease _____ .
(A) that a deformed fluid
(B) to deform a fluid
(C) when a fluid that is deformed
(D) with which a fluid may be deformed

56. Oxygen and nutrients reach the body’s tissues ____ from the blood through the capillary wall.
(A) pass
(B) by passing
(C) to be passing
(D) have passed
Pembahasan Jawaban: Kalimat di atas sudah lengkap subject dan verb jadi tidak butuh lagi verb.
Pilihan A dan D sudah jelas salah. Pilihan C tidak sesuai dengan konteks kalimat.

57. _____ important development of the Neolithic age was not in the manufacture of stone tools but in the
production of food.
(A) The most
(B) Most
(C) Most of
(D) Of the most
Pembahasan Jawaban: Ada beberapa aturan dalam menggunakan most / most of
1. Most of digunakan sebelum plural noun yang mempunyai determiner atau pronoun di depannya.
Contoh: Most of the students live with host families.
Most of students live with host families. (Salah karena tanpa determiner)
2. Most digunakan sebelum plural noun yang tidak mempunyai determiner atau pronoun di depannya
Contoh: Most students live with host families.
Most of students live with host families.
Before a plural noun that does not have a determiner or pronoun in front of it, don't say 'most of', just
say most :

58. The hard palate forms a partition ____ and nasal passages.
(A) the mouth
(B) between the mouth
(C) is between the mouth
(D) it is between the mouth
Pembahasan Jawaban: Subject dan verb sudah lengkap sehingga kita tidak butuh lagi verb atau pun
subject lainnya jika tidak terdapat connector. Pilihan C dan D terdapat verb tanpa connector, jadi otomatis
sudah salah. Jawaban yang paling tepat ialah B.
Prinsip: Setiap kalimat bahasa Inggris mesti terdiri dari minimal 1 clause (subject + verb). Jika terdapat 2
clause maka mesti ada 1 connector. 3 clause mesti ada 2 connector. begitupun seterusnya.

59. Sam Spade in The Maltese Falcon and Rick Blaine in Casablanca ____ of Humphrey Bogart's more
famous roles.
(A) they are two
(B) two of them are
(C) two of them
(D) are two
Pembahasan Jawaban:
Kalimat di atas terdapat subject tapi kehilangan verb jadi kita butuh verb. Jawaban yang terdapat verb
ialah A, B, dan D; pilihan C sudah jelas salah. Pilihan A dan B kemudian salah karena terdapat lagi
subject. Jadi jawaban paling tepat ialah D.
Prinsip: Setiap kalimat bahasa Inggris mesti terdiri dari minimal 1 clause (subject + verb). Jika terdapat 2
clause maka mesti ada 1 connector. 3 clause mesti ada 2 connector. begitupun seterusnya.

60. ____, the outermost layer of skin, is about as thick as a sheet of paper over most of the skin.
(A) It is the epidermis
(B) In the epidermis
(C) The epidermis
(D) The epidermis is
Pembahasan Jawaban:
Kalimat di atas terdapat verb (is) tapi kehilangan subject jadi kita butuh subject. Jawaban yang terdapat
subject ialah A, C, dan D; pilihan B sudah jelas salah karena terdapat preposition (in) yang menandakan
the epedermis bukanlah subject. Pilihan A dan D kemudian salah karena terdapat lagi verb di dalamnya.
Jadi jawaban paling tepat ialah C.
Prinsip: Setiap kalimat bahasa Inggris mesti terdiri dari minimal 1 clause (subject + verb). Jika terdapat 2
clause maka mesti ada 1 connector. 3 clause mesti ada 2 connector. begitupun seterusnya.
--> "the outermost layer of skin" bukanlah subject kalimat melainkan penjelas dari suject sebelumnya.
Penjelas semacam ini biasa disebut dg nama "appositive"

61. During the Precambrian period, the Earth's crust formed, and life ____ in the seas.
(A) first appeared
(B) first to appear
(C) is first appearing
(D) appearing
Pembahasan Jawaban:
Kita lihat terdapat dua clause yang ditandai adanya connector (and): clause 1 (the Earth's crust formed),
dan clause ke dua kehilangan verb, hanya terlihat subject (life). Olehnya kita butuh verb untuk
melengkapi clause 2. Secara structure, yang memungkinkan ialah pilihan A dan C. Hanya dilihat dari
tense (waktu) dan makna maka yang sangat sesuai ialah pilihan A.

62. When fluid accumulates against the eardrum, a second more insidious type of ____
(A) otitis media may develop
(B) developing otitis media
(C) the development of otitis media
(D) to develop otitis media
Pembahasan Jawaban:
Kita lihat terdapat dua clause yang ditandai adanya connector (when): clause 1 (fluid accumulates), dan
clause ke dua kehilangan verb, hanya terlihat subject (a second more insidious type). Olehnya kita butuh
verb untuk melengkapi clause 2. Hanya pilihan A yang memenuhi syarat.

63. Before the Statue of Liberty arrived in the United States, newspapers invited the public to help
determine where ____ placed after its arrival.
(A) should the statue be
(B) the statue being
(C) it should be the statue
(D) the statue should be
Pembahasan Jawaban:
Kita lihat terdapat 3 clause yang ditandai adanya 2 connector (before) dan connector (where): clause 1
(the Statue of Liberty arrived), clause 2 (newspapers invited), dan clause ke 3 kehilangan subject dan
helping verb, hanya terlihat past participle (placed). Olehnya kita butuh subject dan helping verb untuk
melengkapi clause 3. Hanya pilihan A yang memenuhi syarat.
Helping verb: be (is, are, am, be, been), modals (can, could, must, dll), have (have, has, had), do (do,
does, did)
64. A stock ____ at an inflated price is called a watered stock.
(A) issued
(B) is issued
(C) it is issued
(D) which issued
Pembahasan Jawaban:
Kita lihat kalimat diatas terdapat 1 clause yang lengkap: subject (A stock) dan verb (is called). Jadi kita
tidak membutuhkan lagi subject atau pun verb lainnya kecuali jika terdapat connector. Pilihan B dan C
terdapat verb namun tidak disertai dengan connector sehingga salah. Pilihan D terdapat connector tapi
tidak terdapat verb, hanya terlihat past participle (issued) yang butuh helping verb. Sehingga pilihan yang
tepat ialah pilihan A.

65. Acidic lava flows readily and tends to cover much larger areas, while basic lava ____.
(A) viscous
(B) is more viscous
(C) more viscous
(D) it is more vicious
Pembahasan Jawaban:
Kita lihat terdapat dua clause yang ditandai adanya connector (while): clause 1 (Acidic lava flows readily
and tends), dan clause ke dua kehilangan verb, hanya terlihat subject (basic lava ). Olehnya kita butuh
verb untuk melengkapi clause 2. Pilihan A dan C sudah jelas salah karena tidak terdapat verb. Pilihan D
salah karena terdapat subject lagi (double subject). Jadi pilihan paling tepat ialah pilihan B.

66. Seismic reflections profiling has ____ the ocean floor is underlain by a thin layer of nearly transparent
sediments.
(A) reveal that
(B) revealed that
(C) the revelation of
(D) revealed about
Pembahasan Jawaban:
Present Perfect: has + verb III
Jawaban D salah karena terdapat preposition (about). Object dari preposition mesti berbentuk noun
sementara kalimat di atas terdiri dari clause (the ocean floor is underlain).

67. ____ and terrifying, coral snakes can grow to 4 feet (1.2 meters) in length.
(A) They are extremely poisonous
(B) The poison is extreme
(C) Extremely Poisonous
(D) An extreme amount of poison
Pembahasan Jawaban:
Parallel structure: Extremely poisonous (adjective) + terrifying (adjective)

68. The leaves of the white mulberry provide food for silkworms, ____ silk fabrics are woven.
(A) whose cocoons
(B) from cocoons
(C) whose cocoons are from
(D) from whose cocoons
Pembahasan Jawaban: Kalimat di atas terdapat dua clause tanpa connector: clause 1 (The leaves of
the white mulberry provide) dan clause 2 (silk fabrics are woven). Jadi yang kita butuhkan ialah connector
untuk menghubungkan dua clause. Jawaban yg paling sesuai ialah piliha D.

69. As ____ in Greek and Roman mythology, harpies were frightful monsters that were half woman and
half bird.
(A) described
(B) to describe
(C) description
(D) describing
Pembahasan Jawaban: As described in Greek and Roman mythology (sebagaimana digambarkan
dalam mitos Roman dan Yunani)

70. Not only ____ generate energy, but it also produces fuel for other fission reactors.
(A) a nuclear breeder reactor
(B) it is a nuclear breeder reactor
(C) does a nuclear breeder reactor
(D) is a nuclear breeder reactor
Pembahasan Jawaban: Parallel structure in paired conjunction (not only ... but also) : Not only (clause) +
but also (clause)
Kita lihat di bagian but also sudah terdapat clause, maka kita perlu clause untuk bagian not only. Di
clause bagian not only sudah terdapat verb (generate) makanya kita perlu subject. Otomatis jawabn B
dan C salah karena terdapat verb lagi. Pilihan yang tepat ialah pilihan C. Kita menggunakan does karena
kalimat ini berbentuk inversion in (pembalikan: V + Subject). Perhatikan bentuk inversiaon pada kalimat
pertanyaan (question).

71. D.W. Griffith pioneered many of the stylistic features and filmmaking techniques ____ as the
Hollywood standard.
(A) that established
(B) that became established
(C) what established
(D) what became established
Pembahasan Jawaban:
Adjective clause: yang digunakan dalam menggambarkan benda ialah "that" bukan what. Pilihan A salah
karena that langsung ketemu established (kehilangan helping verb). Pilihan A benar jika berbentuk "that
was established".

72. _____ be needed, the water basin would need to be dammed.

(A) Hydroelectric power should
(B) When hydroelectric power
(C) Hydroelectric power
(D) Should hydroelectric power
Pembahasan Jawaban:
Inversion in conditional sentence. Kalimat aslinya ialah "If hydroelectric power should be needed, the
water basin would need to be dammed".

73. In simple animals, .......... reflex movement or involuntary response to stimuli.

(A) behavior mostly
(B) most is behavior
(C) most behavior is
(D) the most behavior
Pembahasan Jawaban: (C) Most digunakan sebelum noncount noun untuk mengekspresikan suatu
kuantitas yang lebih besar dari sentengah. Singular verb berpasagan dengan noncount noun (sebagai
subject). Pilihan A tidak mempunyai verb. Pilihan B, verb terletak sebelum bukan sesudah noun. Pilihan
D, the digunakan sebelum most.

74. Although the whether in Martha's Vineyard isn't .......... to have a year-around tourist season, it has
become a favorite summer resort.
(A) goodly enough
(B) good enough
(C) good as enough
(D) enough good
Pembahasan Jawaban: (B) Sebuah adjective digunakan sebelum enough yang bermakna cukup. Pada
pilhan (A), kata goodly tidak sesuai dengan aturan grammar. Bentuk adverb dari good ialah well bukan
goodly. Pilihan C salah karena as tidak dibutuhkan dan salah. Pilihan D, adjective digunakan setelah
bukan sebelum enough.

75. According to the wave theory, .......... population of the Americas may have been the result of a
number of separate migrations.
(A) the
(B) their
(C) that
(D) whose
Pembahasan Jawaban: the dapat digunakan sebelum noncount yang diikuti sebuah qualifying
phrase. Population seharunya the population sebelum qualifying phrase 'of the Americas'.

76. It is presumed that governing the sharing of food influenced .......... that the earliest cultures evolved.
(A) that the way
(B) is the way
(C) the way
(D) which way
Pembahasan Jawaban: Adjective clause menjelaskan noun dalam main clause. that the earliest cultures
evolved menjelaskan the way.

77. Calculus, .......... elegant and economical symbolic system, can reduce complex problems to simple
terms.
(A) it is an
(B) that an
(C) an
(D) is an
Pembahasan Jawaban: Subject dan Verb sudah ada. Dari posisi phrase 'elegant and economical
symbolic system' bisa kita deteksi bahwa phrase ini merupakan appositive atau penjelasan tambahan
bagi subject 'calculus'.

78. Canada does not require that U.S. citizens obtain passports to enter the country, and .......... .
(A) Mexico does neither
(B) Mexico doesn't either
(C) neither Mexico does
(D) either does Mexico
Pembahasan Jawaban: Ada dua bentuk untuk menyatakan negatif dalam bentuk soal seperti ini:
1. Mexico doesn't either.
2. Neither does Mexico.

79. The poet .......... just beginning to be recognized as an important influence at the time of his death.
(A) being Walt Whitman
(B) who was Walt Whitman
(C) Walt Whitman
(D) Walt Whitman was
Pembahasan Jawaban: Kalimat di atas kehilangan verb jadi kita butuh verb.

80. ........... the formation of the sun, the planets, and other stars began with the condensation of an
interstellar cloud.
(A) It accepted that
(B) Accepted that
(C) It is accepted that
(D) That is accepted
Pembahasan Jawaban: its is accepted that (diakui bahwa) .....
Cara lain: kita lihat bahwa kalimat di soal sudah terdapat 1 clause lengkap 'the formation of the sun, the
planets, and other stars began with the condensation of an interstellar cloud' jadi kita butuhkan ialah
clause lain beserta connectornya. Ingat dua clause butuh 1 connector. 3 clause butuh 2 connector.

81. As a general rule, the standard of living .......... by the average output of each person in society.
(A) is fixed
(B) fixed
(C) has fixed
(D) fixes
Pembahasan Jawaban: Kalimat di atas kehilangan verb. Kita pakai passive voice --> ditandai adanya
kata 'by'.

82. The Consumer Price Index lists .......... .

(A) how much costs every car
(B) how much does every car cost
(C) how much every car costs
(D) how much are every car cost
Pembahasan Jawaban: Pilihan A dan D hanya digunakan dalam bentuk question. Pilihan D sangat jelas
salahnya karena 'are' untuk plural sedangkan 'every' menandakan singular. Pilihan D salah karena
seharusnya S + Verb bukan sebaliknya.

83. The Ford Theater where Lincoln was shot .......... .

(A) must restore
(B) must be restoring
(C) must have been restored
(D) must restored
Pembahasan Jawaban: Yang dibutuhkan adalah kata kerja dari subject 'The Ford Theater'. 'where
Lincoln was shot' merupakan adjective clause yang menjelaskan subject 'The Ford Theater'.

84. Fast-food restaurants have become popular because many working people want .......... .
(A) to eat quickly and cheaply
(B) eating quickly and cheaply
(C) eat quickly and cheaply
(D) the eat quickly and cheaply
Pembahasan Jawaban: want + to infinitive

85. After seeing the movie Centennial, .......... .

(A) the book was red by many people
(B) the book made many people want to read it
(C) many people wanted to read the book
(D) the reading of the book interested many people
Pembahasan Jawaban: After seeing the movie Centennial (Setelah menyaksikan film Centennial),
Banyak orang .... (many people wanted to read the book)
Cara lain: Materi ini masuk dalam reduction in adjective clause (ke dua-dua clause mesti mempunyai
subject yang sama baru dibenarkan untuk melakukan reduction (pengurangan / penghilangan).

86. .........., Carl Sandburg is also well-known for his multivolume biography of Lincoln.
(A) An eminent American poet
(B) He is an eminent American poet
(C) An eminent American poet who is
(D) Despite an eminent American poet
Pembahasan Jawaban: Subject dan Verb kalimat di atas sudah lengkap jadi kita hanya butuh penjelas
dari subject 'Carl Sandburg' (appositive).

87. The examiner made us .......... our identification in order to be admitted to the test center.
(A) showing
(B) show
(C) showed
(D) to show
Pembahasan Jawaban: made + verb 1 murni
Materi ini masuk dalam "Causative Verb" --> Causative verb + V 1 murni
Causative verb: make, have, help

88.The musical comedy Oklahoma did much to expand the potential of the musical stage, and it
encouraged others to attempt......
(a)original themes
(b)to original themes
(c)that were original themes
(d)how original themes
Pembahasan Jawaban: attempt (T) + Noun
--> Attempt (transitive verb)
--> Attempt + to infinitive
pilihan B salah karena to original themes bukan to infinitive.

89.Despite its fishlike form, the whale is......and will drown if submerged too long.
(a)an animal breathes air that
(b)an animal that breathes air
(c)an animal breathes air
(d)that an animal breathes air
Pembahasan Jawaban: Adjective Clause

90.The saguaro ,found in desert regions in the southwestern United States ,......cactus in the world.
(a)is the largest
(b)the largest
(c)that is the largest
(d)the largest that is a
Pembahasan Jawaban: Superlative Degree

91. It is said that United Stales literature ____________ individuality and identity in the twentieth century,
after long imitation of European models.
(a)was achieved
(b)achieved
(c)to achieve
(d)achieving
Pembahasan Jawaban: Subject + Verb (Sentences with Multiple Clause -Noun Clause)
92. Lucy Stone, ____________ first feminists in the United States, helped organize the American Woman
Suffrage Association in 1869.
(a)the one
(b)who was the
(c)another
(d)one of the
Pembahasan Jawaban: one of the + plural nouns / Appositive

93. _______, including climate, mineral content, and the permanency of surface water, wetlands may be
mossy ,grassy , scrubby, or wooded.
(a)Depending on many factors
(b)Many factors depending on
(c)Factors depending on many
(d)On many factors depending
Pembahasan Jawaban: Sentences with one clause -Subject + Verb
Yang menjadi subject adalah gerund dan verb adalah may be

94 Duke Ellington's orchestra, _______ his own often complex compositions, made many innovations in
jazz.
(a)he played
(b)playing
(c)that it played
(d)was playing
Pembahasan Jawaban: Present Participle (Adjective) / Reduction in Adjective Clause

95 The term "ice age" refers to any of several periods of time when glaciers covered considerably more of
Earth's surface _______.
(a)as is today
(b)than today is
(c)than they do today
(d)that today
Pembahasan Jawaban: Comparative degree

96.From colonial times ,United States property owners agreed to tax themselves on the theory......directly
from services that the government could provide.
(a)property owners benefited so that
(b)why property owners benefited
(c)that if property owners benefited
(d)that property owners benefited
Pembahasan Jawaban: Adjective Clause

97.Helium is not flammable and, next to hydrogen, is......

(a)known the lightest gas
(b)lightest the known gas
(c)the lightest gas known
(d)the known gas lightest
Pembahasan Jawaban: Superlative & Past participle

98. Wild eagles that survive to adulthood are believed......from 20 to 30 years.

(a)live
(b)to live
(c)they live
(d)their living
Pembahasan Jawaban: Sentences with multiple clause / verb + to invinitive

99. Portland, ......, is located primarily on two hilly peninsulas overlooking Casco Bay and its many island.
(a)which Maine's largest city
(b)Maine's largest city where
(c)is Maine's largest city
(d)Maine's largest city
Pembahasan Jawaban: Appositive

100......widely used in the chemical industry, sodium carbonate is principally consumed by the glass
industry.
(a)Despite
(b)Whether
(c)Though
(d)Except for
Pembahasan Jawaban: Reduction in adverbial clause