CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM AND REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Introduction

Music, is a form of art and entertainment or other

human activity that involves organized and audible sounds
and silence. It is uttered in terms of pitch (which
includes melody and harmony), rhythm (which includes tempo
and meter), and the quality of sound (which includes
timbre, articulation, dynamics, and texture). Music also
involves complex generative forms in time through the
construction of patterns and combinations of natural
stimuli, principally sound. Music may be used for artistic
or aesthetic, communicative, entertainment, or ceremonial
purposes. The designation of what constitutes music varies
according to culture and social context.

Musical instrument, any device for producing a musical

sound. The principal types of such instruments, classified
by the scheme of producing sound,
are percussion, stringed, keyboard, wind, and electronic.

The academic study of musical instrument is called

organology. The science of musical instruments including
their classification and development throughout history and
cultures as well as the technical study of how they produce
sound. The Hornbostel-Sachs system of musical instrument
classification is probably the best-known system in use
today.

Music comes in many different types and styles ranging

from traditional rock music to world pop, easy listening
and bluegrass. Many genres have a rich history or
geographical significance, a cult following or music roots
that go far beyond the 20th century.

A genre is a category of an art form, and the word is

used of subsets of literature, films, television shows,
and music that fit certain criteria. Often, a work will fit
into one genre, but it is possible for a work to have
numerous genres.

The term music genre is used to refer to a

multiplicity of facets of music, including the period
during which a musical composition was written, its style,
its instrumentation and treatment of those instruments, its
form and function, its means of transmission, its means of
dissemination, and the location of its geographical origins
sometimes crossed with the cultural or ethnic background of
the composer.

There is no conformity or a single comprehensive

system to talk about music genres at the present time.
 Like few other activities, the music involves the use
of the whole brain. It improves memory, attention, physical
coordination and mental development. The classical music
stimulates the regeneration of brain cells.

Definite music improves the mood, intelligence,

motivation and concentration. It also improves the quality
of life and aids in physical, emotional, cognitive, and
social needs. It helps in the treatment of autism,
dementia, Alzheimer’s, chronic pain, emotional trauma,
mental disorders, and depression. Music decreases anxiety,
anger, stress, and frustration.

Today, the music is just an audio pleasure, but

earlier it was reckoned as a prevailing force. The ancient
people considered it a form of communication affecting the
emotions without words and thought.

The philosophers like Confucius, Pythagoras,

Democritus, Aristotle, and Galen believed that the music
had both positive and negative effects on human health.

Music is not just an undisruptive background noise

created by musical instruments. The modern scientific
research confirms the opinion of ancient philosophers that
music and sound have both harmful and beneficial effects on
people, plants, and animals.