Disaster Management 1.

1
Presented by Dr. Roman Saini
 About me
• IAS, Doctor and trying to be a good teacher

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 An Introduction
• Long before human beings walked the earth, natural disasters were
always present and occurring with some regularity

• They have been an integral part of progress of human civilisation

• But the cause of concern is that despite scientific and

technological innovations, in recent years, we have witnessed
increased frequency, intensity, magnitude and impact of
disasters, leading to unfathomable loss of life and property across
the globe.
• In todays environment of growing awareness and social media, the
number of stakeholders have increased dramatically

• Anyone who in any way, can be affected by disaster or otherwise

has a vested interest in disaster risk management is a stakeholder

• Can include community members, local and central government,

development organisations, media, land owners, private enterprise,
NGOs

• Coping: Manner in which people, organisations & institutions act, using

existing limited resources within a range of expectations of a situation
to achieve their previously existing or a new dynamic equilibrium.
 Definition
• An event, either man-made or natural, sudden or progressive, the impact of
which is such that the affected community must respond through exceptional
measures.

• The Disaster Management Act, 2005 defines disaster as "a catastrophe, mishap,
calamity or grave occurrence in any area, arising from natural or manmade
causes, or by accident or negligence which results in substantial loss of life or
human suffering or damage to, and destruction of, property, or damage to, or
degradation of, environment, and is of such a nature or magnitude as to be
beyond the coping capacity of the community of the affected area”.

• "the occurrence of sudden or major misfortune which disrupts the basic fabric
and normal functioning of the society or community”, according to United Nations.
 Types of disaster
• According to High Power Committee on Disaster Management,
there are five groups containing 31 types of disaster.

• Don’t have a heart attack.

• Whenever such tables appear in reading material, just try to

memorise all major headings and then remember a few articles in
each.

• In this case, just remember these 5 categories and 2-3 examples

of each
 Water and climate related
disasters
• Floods and drainage management
• Cyclones
• Tornadoes and hurricanes
• Hailstorm
• Cloud burst
• Heat wave and cold wave
• Snow avalanches
• Droughts
• Sea erosion
• Thunder and lightening
• Tsunami
 Geological related disasters

• Landslides and mudflows

• Earthquakes
• Dam failures/ Dam bursts
• Minor fires
 Chemical, industrial and nuclear
related disasters

• Chemical and industrial disasters

• Nuclear disasters
 Accident related disasters
• Forest fires
• Urban fires
• Mine flooding
• Oil spills
• Major building collapse
• Serial bomb blasts
• Festival related disasters
• Electrical disasters and fires
• Air, road and rail accidents
• Boat capsizing
• Village fire
 Biologicals related disasters

• Biological disasters and epidemics

• Pest attacks
• Cattle epidemics
• Food poisoning
Why DM is getting lot of attention?
• Climate Change: According to 4th Assessment Report of Intergovernmental Panel
on Climate change (IPCC), there is definite increase in the global average
temperatures (both air and ocean), precipitation and extreme rainfall, widespread
melting of snow and ice; leading to rising global mean sea level, storms/ storm
surges/coastal flooding.

• This is further expected to aggravate the already grave situation and will lead to
increased frequency and intensity of current extreme weather events and give
rise to new vulnerabilities with differential spatial and socio-economic impacts on
communities.

• The unprecedented increase is expected to have severe impacts on the

hydrological cycle, and water resource, forest and ecosystems, coastal wetlands and
mangroves, coral reefs, food security, health and other related areas.
• The impact would be particularly disastrous for developing
countries, including India and further degrade the resilience of
poor, vulnerable communities, which make up 25-50% of the
population of the most Indian cities.

• Extreme events like heat waves, cold waves, more floods, more
droughts, more intense cyclones and flash floods are already showing
a widespread increase. For ex: extreme rainfall has substantially
increased over large areas, particularly over the west coast and
central India.

• There is thus an urgent need for a paradigm shift in disaster

management.
• Indian Scenario (Vulnerability Profile of India) :

• India's geo-climatic conditions,

• its high degree of socio-economic vulnerability,

• topographic features, environmental degradation,

• population growth leading to increasing demographic pressure, unplanned

urbanisation, industrialisation,

• non-scientific development practices, deteriorating environmental conditions,

deforestation, faulty agricultural practices and grazing, construction of large dams on
river channels etc., puts her at risk to floods, droughts, cyclones, earthquakes,
landslides, avalanches and forest fires.

• Economic loss due to disasters: 2% of India’s GDP.

• Out of 36 states and UTs: 27 of them are disaster prone

• 56.6 % of the landmass is prone to earthquakes of moderate to very

high intensity;

• 40/328 million hectares (12% of land) are prone to floods and river
erosion;

• 5,700/7,516 km coastline is prone to cyclones and tsunamis;

• 68% of the cultivable area is vulnerable to drought and hilly areas

are at risk from landslides and avalanches
• Last 30 years = 430 major disasters in India.

• Most vivid recalled: cyclone of 1839, the Bhuj earthquake of 2001 in Gujarat,
the Super Cyclone of Orissa in 1999, Tsunami of 2004 devastating southern
coastal India. The most recent flash flood of Uttarakhand in 2013 caused
severe life, economic and environmental losses.

• Vulnerability to disasters or emergencies of Chemical, Biological Radiological

and Nuclear (CBRN) origin has increased on account of socio-economic
development.

• Chemical Hazards include hazardous chemicals or processes which may

realise their potential through agents such as fire, explosive, toxic or
corrosive effects
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