Theoretical Foundation in

Nursing

BSN 1-C
GROUP-12

Members:
Literato, Shelly Mae
Espelita, Ethyl Lorraine
Valdez, Marc Brian
I. Learning Content
a. Topic: Cornelia M. Ruland and Shirley Moore (Peaceful End of Life
Theory)
b. References: (Cornelia Ruland and Shirley Moore, 2015)
https://prezi.com/wzyub0kpf8pn/cornelia-ruland-and-shirley-moore/

II. Learning Objectives:

After 30 to 45 minutes of learning activities, the Level I students will be able to:
1. Explore the theory of Ruland and Moore (Peaceful End of Life Theory)
2. Describe the concepts and the theory applied to clinical practice.
3. Plan nursing care to contribute peaceful and meaningful living in the time
that remains for the patients.

III. Topic Outline/Content:

The goal of palliative care is to improve the patient’s quality of life through
holistic relief of suffering via symptom management (Ruland CM, Moore SM)

Concepts of Theory:

o Not being in pain- is defined as being rid of distress and afflictions. It is at

the core of most patients experience at the end of life.
o Experiencing comfort- is defined as being at peace and having a feeling
that life is enjoyable.
o Dignity and respect of the patient- at the end of life consist of providing a
sense of self-worth through independence and esteem.
o Peace- is experienced through balance, happiness and being calm where
patients feel no stress or dread.
o Closeness to family and significant to others- includes physical and
emotional relationship with others who care about the patient.
Achieving the above concepts, through nursing interventions, will help promote a
peaceful and comfortable end of life process for the imminent patient.

Theory applied to clinical practice:

 Continuous patient assessment

 Use of appropriate scale to identify pain (e.g. FLACC)
 Administering medications and utilizing non-pharmacological interventions
(massage, music, repositioning) to provide pain relief.
 Provide a quiet and therapeutic environment to promote rest and
relaxation.
 Collaborating with the interdisciplinary team to revise plan of care when
needed.

Applying theory to create caring relationships with patients and families:

1. Respect patient/family culture, religion and end of life wishes.

2. Encourage family members to express feelings and concerns. Take time to
listen and provide emotional support when needed.
3. Include the family and patient in the plan of care.
 4. Provide continuous teaching about procedures performed at the end of life
process.
5. Inform patient and family of any noticeable decline in patient status
6. Provide alone time to spend with a loved one when death has occurred.

This theory was developed for terminally ill patients who are no longer candidates for
curative treatment. The patient and significant others know that death is emanate and this
theory provides guidelines on how to physically and emotionally care for, not only the
patient but the significant other as well.

The guidelines of this theory not only provide standards for peaceful end of life care but
they can be applied to all aspects of nursing and patient centered care.

IV. Learning Procedure:

a. Pre-lesson
1. Each group will be given a piece of envelope wherein there are puzzles
inside and they are going to arrange it.
2. They must explain the puzzles and state on how to use it in clinical
practice.
3. There will be a time limit for this game.
4. The first group who can finish the puzzles will have extra credit.

b. Lesson Proper
1. Create a small groups and count off 1-5
2. In this activity, ideas are already written on slips of paper inside a box.
3. Each group will pick a piece of paper then they must act what is
written in the paper.
4. After having their role play, they must elaborate the chosen topic.

c. Post lesson (Evaluation) Please provide answers for these questions

Questions:
For 1-5, identify the concepts of theory.
1. It is defined as being at peace and having a feeling that life is
enjoyable. (Experiencing comfort)
2. It is at the core of most patients experience at the end of life. (Not
being in pain)
3. It includes physical and emotional relationship with others who care
about the patient. ( Closeness to family)
4. Patients feel no stress or dread. (Peace)
5. It consist of providing a sense of self-worth through independence and
esteem. (Dignity and respect to patient)
 6-7. State 2 examples of theory applied to clinical practice. (Continuous
patient assessment, Use of appropriate scale to identify pain ) 8-
9. What is Ruland and Moore theories all about? (Peaceful End of Life
Theory)

10. What is the goal for this theory? (to improve the patient’s quality of
life through holistic relief)