Spiritual self

 The spiritual aspect of the self is the inner essence, the part of the self that connects the person
to the sacred, the supernatural and the universe.

 The family, school and church play a very important role in child's spiritual development

 Spirituality begins an early age but develops through life as people consciously interact with the
environment

Religion
Religion as defined by Rebecca Stein,

 A belief in supernatural being, such as spirit and gods.

 A focus on the sacred supernatural, where sacred refers to feeling of respect and wonder or fear

 The presence of super natural power or energy that is found on supernatural beings as well as
physical beings and object

 Provides the creation and maintenance of social bonds and mechanism of social control within
the community’;provide explanation for unknown and a sense of control of individual

Buddhism
 The Origins of Buddhism. Buddhism, founded in the late 6th century B.C.E. by Siddhartha
Gautama(the "Buddha"), is an important religion in most of the countries of Asia

 Buddhists do not believe in a Divine being, therefore they have no concept of salvation and
atonement for wrong doings.

Buddhism (Meditation and Practices)

 Samantha- practiced as mindfulness of breathing and development of loving kindness.

 Vipassana – developing insights into reality. Wisdom is by studying Buddha’s teaching, or the
Dharma.

 The problems we experience during daily life originate from ignorance, and the method for
eliminating ignorance is to practice Dharma

THE FOUR NOBLE TRUTHS

• The Buddha said, "No one can escape death and unhappiness. If people expect only happiness in
life, they will be disappointed.“

1. There is Suffering Suffering is common to all.

2. Cause of Suffering We are the cause of our suffering.
3. End of Suffering Stop doing what causes suffering.
4. Path to end Suffering Everyone can be enlightened.

THE FOUR NOBLE TRUTHS

There is Suffering, Suffering is common to all.

Suffering: Everyone suffers from these thing

Birth- When we are born, we cry.
Sickness- When we are sick, we are miserable.
Old age- When old, we will have ache and pains and find it hard to get around.
Death- None of us wants to die. We feel deep sorrow when someone dies.

Other things we suffer from are:

Being with those we dislike,
Being apart from those we love,
Not getting what we want,
All kinds of problems and disappointments that are unavoidable.

2. Cause of Suffering We are the cause of our suffering

 The Buddha explained that people live in a sea of suffering because of ignorance and greed.

 They are ignorant of the law of karma and are greedy for the wrong kind of pleasures. They do
things that are harmful to their bodies and peace of mind, so they can not be satisfied or enjoy
life.

3. End of Suffering Stop doing what causes suffering.

 To end suffering, one must cut off greed and ignorance. This means changing one's views and
living in a more natural and peaceful way.

 It is like blowing out a candle. The flame of suffering is put out for good. Buddhists call the state
in which all suffering is ended Nirvana.

 Nirvana is an everlasting state of great joy and peace. The Buddha said, "The extinction of desire
is Nirvana." This is the ultimate goal in Buddhism. Everyone can realize it with the help of the
Buddha's teachings. It can be experienced in this very life.

4. Path to end Suffering Everyone can be enlightened.

THE NOBLE EIGHTFOLD PATH

1. Right View. The right way to think about life is to see the world through the eyes of the
Buddha--with wisdom and compassion.

2. Right Thought. We are what we think. Clear and kind thoughts build good, strong characters.

3. Right Speech. By speaking kind and helpful words, we are respected and trusted by everyone.

4. Right Conduct. No matter what we say, others know us from the way we behave. Before we
criticize others, we should first see what we do ourselves.

5. Right Livelihood. This means choosing a job that does not hurt others. The Buddha said, "Do
not earn your living by harming others. Do not seek happiness by making others unhappy."

6.Right Effort. A worthwhile life means doing our best at all times and having good will toward
others. This also means not wasting effort on things that harm ourselves and others.

7. Right Mindfulness. This means being aware of our thoughts, words, and deeds.
 8. Right Concentration. Focus on one thought or object at a time. By doing this, we can be quiet
and attain true peace of mind.

Christianity
 The Bible is the only inspired, infallible, and authoritative written Word of God, penned by
man with the leading of the Holy Spirit.

 Christians believe in the deity of our Lord Jesus Christ, in His virgin birth, in His sinless life, in His
miracles, in His vicarious and atoning death, in His bodily resurrection, in His ascension to the
right hand of the Father, in His personal, future return to this earth in power and glory to rule a
thousand years.

Custom and Practices

• Baptism

• Christmas and Resurrection

• Sacrament

Hinduism
 Hinduism is the world’s oldest religion, according to many scholars, with roots and customs
dating back more than 4,000 years

 Today, with about 900 million followers, Hinduism is the third-largest religion behind
Christianity and Islam.

 Roughly 95 percent of the world’s Hindus live in India. Because the religion has no specific
founder, it’s difficult to trace its origins and history.

 Hinduism is unique in that it’s not a single religion but a compilation of many traditions and
philosophies.

Custom and Practices

Diwali: the festival of lights

 Southern India celebrates it as the day that Lord Krishna defeated the demon Narakasura

 In western India the festival marks the day that Lord Vishnu, the Preserver (one of the main gods
of the Hindu trinity) sent the demon King Bali to rule the nether world.

Navrati

 Celebration of nine lights

 Celebration of triumph of good and evil

Islam
 Islam, major world religion promulgated by the Prophet Muhammad in Arabia in the 7th
century CE. The Arabic term islām, literally “surrender,” illuminates the fundamental religious
idea of Islam.

 The believer (called a Muslim, from the active particle of islām) accepts surrender to the will
of Allah.

 Allah is viewed as the sole God—creator, sustainer, and restorer of the world.

 The will of Allah, to which human beings must submit, is made known through the sacred
scriptures, the Quran

Judaism
 Jews believe that there is a single God only who not created the universe,.

 They believe that God continues to work in the world, affecting everything that people do.

 The Jewish relationship with God is a covenant relationship. In exchange for the many good
deeds that God has done and continues to do for the Jewish People...

 The Jews keep God's laws

 The Jews seek to bring holiness into every aspect of their lives.

 Torah- sacred scripture

Custom and Practices

• Rosh Hashanah - New Year

• Yom Kippur – The day of atonement

• Pesach- Passover

• Shavuot- Pentecost

• Sukkot- Friday evening at sunset a time when families gather for the shabbat meal.