     ⁄

Table 11. Growth of the economy

Average annual % growth

Gross GDP Agriculture Industry Services Exports of goods Gross domestic
domestic product implicit deflator value added value added value added and services investment
Economy 1980–90 1990–99 1980–90 1990–99 1980–90 1990–99 1980–90 1990–99 1980–90 1990–99 1980–90 1990–99 1990–99
Albania 1.5 2.3 –0.4 51.5 1.9 6.2 2.1 –4.6 –0.4 5.0 .. 13.6 22.4
Algeria 2.7 1.6 8.1 19.0 4.6 3.0 2.3 –0.1 3.6 3.1 4.1 2.2 0.2
Angola 3.4 0.8 5.9 813.8 0.5 –3.1 6.4 4.2 1.8 –3.4 2.2 8.2 12.9
Argentina –0.7 4.9 391.1 6.2 0.7 3.1 –1.3 4.8 0.0 4.8 3.8 8.7 9.1
Armenia .. –3.1 .. 269.5 .. –0.3 .. –9.0 .. –6.2 .. –21.5 –29.5
Australia 3.4 3.8 7.3 1.6 3.3 1.1 2.9 2.5 3.8 4.4 6.9 7.9 6.1
Austria 2.2 2.0 3.3 2.3 1.1 –0.7 1.9 1.3 2.5 2.2 4.9 4.5 2.9
Azerbaijan .. –9.0 .. 249.5 .. –0.5 .. 9.3 .. –0.7 .. 12.6 14.7
Bangladesh 4.3 4.8 9.5 3.9 2.7 2.3 4.9 3.9 5.2 6.3 7.7 13.2 7.0
Belarus .. –4.3 .. 449.9 .. –5.4 .. –5.6 .. –2.4 .. –11.1 –10.0
Belgium 1.9 1.7 4.4 2.2 2.0 1.7 2.2 1.1 1.9 1.4 4.3 4.2 0.3
Benin 2.5 4.7 1.7 9.4 5.1 5.3 3.4 3.8 0.7 4.4 –2.4 1.9 5.3
Bolivia –0.2 4.2 327.2 9.4 .. .. .. .. .. .. 1.0 4.9 10.1
Botswana 10.3 4.3 13.6 10.0 3.3 0.3 10.2 2.8 11.7 6.3 10.6 2.5 –1.3
Brazil 2.7 2.9 284.0 264.3 2.8 3.0 2.0 3.2 3.3 2.7 7.5 4.9 3.1
Bulgaria 3.4 –2.7 1.8 111.8 –2.1 0.3 5.2 –4.4 4.5 –2.3 –3.5 0.3 –0.9
Burkina Faso 3.6 3.8 3.3 6.2 3.1 3.5 3.8 3.9 4.6 3.5 –0.4 0.4 4.8
Burundi 4.4 –2.9 4.4 11.7 3.1 –2.0 4.5 –6.7 5.6 –2.5 3.4 2.4 –12.4
Cambodia .. 4.8 .. 28.7 .. 2.1 .. 9.6 .. 6.9 .. .. ..
Cameroon 3.4 1.3 5.6 5.5 2.2 5.3 5.9 –2.0 2.1 0.1 5.9 2.7 0.0
Canada 3.3 2.3 4.5 1.3 1.2 1.1 3.1 2.2 3.6 1.9 6.3 8.8 2.6
Central African Republic 1.4 1.8 7.9 4.9 1.6 3.7 1.4 0.4 1.0 –0.7 –1.2 6.7 –1.7
Chad 6.1 2.3 1.4 7.6 2.3 4.9 8.1 2.2 6.7 0.8 6.5 5.0 4.4
Chile 4.2 7.2 20.7 8.6 5.9 1.3 3.5 6.3 2.9 7.5 6.9 9.7 11.4
China 10.1 10.7 5.9 8.2 5.9 4.3 11.1 14.4 13.5 9.2 19.3 13.0 12.8
Hong Kong, China 6.9 3.9 7.7 5.2 .. .. .. .. .. .. 14.4 8.4 6.3
Colombia 3.6 3.3 24.8 20.5 2.9 –2.6 5.0 2.3 3.1 6.3 7.5 5.2 7.5
Congo, Dem. Rep. 1.6 –5.1 62.9 1,423.1 2.5 2.9 0.9 –11.7 1.3 –15.2 9.6 –5.5 –3.5
Congo, Rep. 3.3 0.9 0.5 7.1 3.4 1.7 5.2 –0.2 2.1 1.5 5.1 4.3 4.7
Costa Rica 3.0 4.1 23.6 16.8 3.1 2.5 2.8 3.7 3.1 4.9 6.1 9.7 3.4
Côte d’Ivoire 0.7 3.7 2.8 8.0 0.3 1.8 4.4 5.9 –0.3 3.9 1.9 4.7 17.6
Croatia .. –0.4 .. 131.2 .. –3.3 .. –4.8 .. 1.4 .. .. ..
Czech Republic 1.7 0.9 2.6 13.7 .. 2.6 .. –0.1 .. 1.1 .. 9.0 6.3
Denmark 2.3 2.8 5.6 1.7 3.1 1.7 2.9 1.9 2.3 1.5 4.3 3.8 4.8
Dominican Republic 3.1 5.7 21.6 9.8 0.4 3.8 3.6 6.8 3.5 5.7 4.5 7.5 7.4
Ecuador 2.0 2.2 36.4 33.7 4.4 2.0 1.2 2.7 1.7 1.9 5.4 4.4 1.1
Egypt, Arab Rep. 5.4 4.4 13.7 9.1 2.7 3.1 5.2 4.7 6.6 4.3 5.2 3.1 6.7
El Salvador 0.2 4.9 16.3 8.1 –1.1 0.9 0.1 5.6 0.7 5.6 –3.4 11.7 7.2
Eritrea .. 5.2 .. 9.7 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.5 ..
Estonia 2.2 –1.3 2.3 62.7 .. –3.4 .. –4.5 .. 1.4 .. 10.2 –1.8
Ethiopiaa 1.1 4.8 4.6 7.4 0.2 2.5 0.4 6.3 3.1 6.7 2.4 9.3 13.4
Finland 3.3 2.5 6.8 1.8 –0.2 0.2 3.3 2.1 3.7 0.1 2.2 9.6 –3.2
France 2.3 1.7 6.0 1.5 2.0 0.5 1.1 0.6 3.0 1.7 3.7 4.9 –1.6
Georgia 0.4 –10.3 1.9 513.0 .. 2.5 .. 3.4 .. 15.4 .. 9.8 51.2
Germanyb 2.2 1.5 .. 2.0 1.7 0.5 1.2 .. 2.9 1.8 .. 4.1 0.5
Ghana 3.0 4.3 42.1 27.2 1.0 3.4 3.3 4.8 5.7 5.0 2.5 10.8 4.2
Greece 1.8 1.9 18.0 10.1 –0.1 2.0 1.3 –0.5 2.7 1.8 7.2 3.3 1.3
Guatemala 0.8 4.2 14.6 10.7 1.2 2.7 –0.2 4.1 0.9 4.9 –1.8 6.4 5.0
Guinea .. 4.2 .. 6.2 .. 4.5 .. 4.5 .. 3.2 .. 4.7 2.4
Haiti –0.2 –1.7 7.5 23.3 –0.1 –4.3 –1.7 –1.0 0.9 –0.3 1.2 2.4 1.7
Honduras 2.7 3.2 5.7 19.8 2.7 1.8 3.3 3.6 2.5 3.7 1.1 2.0 6.0
Hungary 1.3 1.0 8.9 20.7 1.7 –3.2 0.2 2.4 2.1 0.6 3.6 8.2 8.4
India 5.8 6.1 8.0 8.6 3.1 3.8 7.0 6.7 6.9 7.7 5.9 11.3 7.4
Indonesia 6.1 4.7 8.5 14.4 3.4 2.6 6.9 7.8 7.0 5.4 2.9 9.2 5.1
Iran, Islamic Rep. 1.7 3.4 14.4 26.7 4.5 3.8 3.3 3.7 –1.0 5.8 6.9 0.2 1.4
Ireland 3.2 7.9 6.6 2.0 .. .. .. .. .. .. 9.0 13.3 4.8
Israel 3.5 5.1 101.1 10.6 .. .. .. .. .. .. 5.5 9.1 5.5
Italy 2.4 1.2 10.0 4.1 0.1 1.1 2.0 0.9 2.8 1.2 4.1 7.2 –1.0
Jamaica 2.0 0.1 18.6 25.8 0.6 2.3 2.4 –0.6 1.8 0.3 5.4 0.1 3.9
Japan 4.0 1.4 1.7 0.1 1.3 –1.3 4.2 1.1 3.9 2.3 4.5 5.1 1.1
Jordan 2.5 4.8 4.3 3.2 6.8 –4.6 1.7 6.2 2.0 5.5 5.9 7.4 3.4
Kazakhstan .. –5.9 .. 255.7 .. –12.2 .. –8.0 .. 1.2 .. 4.3 –11.7
Kenya 4.2 2.2 9.1 14.8 3.3 1.4 3.9 1.9 4.9 3.3 4.4 0.4 4.9
Korea, Rep. 9.4 5.7 6.1 5.8 2.8 2.1 12.0 6.2 8.9 5.8 12.0 15.6 1.6
Kuwait 1.3 .. –2.8 .. 14.7 .. 1.0 .. 2.1 .. –2.3 .. ..
Kyrgyz Republic .. –7.4 .. 157.3 .. –1.5 .. –15.3 .. –8.2 .. 6.7 12.6
Lao PDR 3.7 6.4 37.6 22.9 3.5 4.6 6.1 11.8 3.3 7.4 .. .. ..
Latvia 3.7 –4.8 –0.2 58.8 2.8 –7.6 4.6 –10.0 3.4 1.7 .. 0.7 –4.4
Lebanon .. 7.7 .. 24.0 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 15.6 18.4
Lesotho 4.6 4.4 12.1 9.6 2.8 2.0 5.5 6.3 4.0 5.2 4.9 11.3 2.3
Lithuania .. –3.9 .. 90.4 .. –1.5 .. –9.9 .. –0.4 .. 2.9 8.8
Macedonia, FYR .. 1.9 .. 13.5 .. 3.1 .. –2.1 .. –2.6 .. 1.2 6.7
Madagascar 1.1 1.7 17.1 20.6 2.5 1.5 0.9 1.9 0.3 1.9 –1.7 3.6 0.9
Malawi 2.5 4.0 14.6 33.5 2.0 9.0 2.9 1.7 3.6 0.7 2.5 4.9 –7.5
Malaysia 5.3 6.3 1.7 5.0 3.8 1.1 7.2 9.4 4.2 7.6 10.9 11.0 6.2
     

ECONOMY

Average annual % growth

Gross GDP Agriculture Industry Services Exports of goods Gross domestic
domestic product implicit deflator value added value added value added and services investment
Economy 1980–90 1990–99 1980–90 1990–99 1980–90 1990–99 1980–90 1990–99 1980–90 1990–99 1980–90 1990–99 1990–99
Mali 0.8 3.6 4.5 8.5 3.3 2.8 4.3 6.4 1.9 2.7 4.8 9.6 –0.8
Mauritania 1.8 4.1 8.4 6.1 1.7 5.2 4.9 2.8 0.4 4.8 2.1 1.6 6.8
Mexico 1.1 2.7 71.5 19.3 0.8 1.3 1.1 3.6 1.4 2.4 7.0 14.3 3.9
Moldova 3.0 –11.5 .. 142.5 .. –6.2 .. –11.8 .. –14.8 .. 4.8 –20.0
Mongolia 5.4 0.7 –1.6 66.5 1.4 2.9 6.6 –1.8 5.9 0.8 .. .. ..
Morocco 4.2 2.3 7.1 3.2 6.7 0.0 3.0 3.1 4.2 2.5 5.7 3.0 1.5
Mozambique –0.1 6.3 38.3 36.4 6.6 5.2 –4.5 9.9 9.1 5.5 –6.8 13.4 13.1
Myanmar 0.6 6.3 12.2 25.9 0.5 4.9 0.5 10.1 0.8 6.6 1.9 7.5 14.7
Namibia 1.3 3.4 13.7 9.8 1.9 3.8 –0.6 2.5 2.3 3.4 0.7 4.3 2.5
Nepal 4.6 4.8 11.1 8.6 4.0 2.3 8.7 7.0 3.9 6.0 3.9 14.3 5.7
Netherlands 2.3 2.7 1.6 2.1 3.4 3.7 1.6 1.2 2.6 2.3 4.5 4.8 1.5
New Zealand 1.7 2.9 10.8 1.5 3.8 2.6 1.1 3.5 1.8 3.4 4.0 5.4 8.1
Nicaragua –1.9 3.2 422.3 38.8 –2.2 5.4 –2.3 4.1 –1.5 1.1 –3.9 10.3 12.6
Niger –0.1 2.5 1.9 6.4 1.7 3.3 –1.7 1.9 –0.7 1.9 –2.9 1.7 5.4
Nigeria 1.6 2.4 16.7 34.8 3.3 2.9 –1.1 1.7 3.7 3.1 –0.3 2.5 5.8
Norway 2.8 3.7 5.6 1.8 –0.2 4.1 3.3 5.5 2.7 3.2 5.2 6.1 5.1
Pakistan 6.3 4.0 6.7 10.7 4.3 4.3 7.3 4.9 6.8 4.6 8.4 2.7 2.1
Panama 0.5 4.2 1.9 2.0 2.5 1.7 –1.3 5.5 0.7 4.2 –0.9 0.0 12.1
Papua New Guinea 1.9 4.0 5.3 7.8 1.8 2.3 1.9 6.9 2.0 2.8 3.3 9.5 6.8
Paraguay 2.5 2.4 24.4 13.7 3.6 2.8 0.3 2.8 3.1 2.0 12.2 5.1 1.5
Peru –0.3 5.4 231.3 28.7 2.7 5.8 –0.9 6.7 –0.7 4.0 –1.6 9.0 9.0
Philippines 1.0 3.2 14.9 8.4 1.0 1.5 –0.9 3.4 2.8 3.9 3.5 9.6 4.1
Poland 2.2 4.7 53.5 24.5 –0.4 0.0 0.3 6.3 2.8 3.8 6.6 10.8 11.9
Portugal 3.1 2.5 18.0 5.3 .. –0.4 .. 0.7 .. 2.2 8.7 5.6 3.5
Romania 0.5 –1.2 2.5 105.5 .. –0.5 .. –1.6 .. –1.0 .. 6.1 –11.8
Russian Federation .. –6.1 .. 189.6 .. –6.3 .. –9.8 .. –1.8 .. 2.3 –13.3
Rwanda 2.2 –1.5 4.0 16.3 0.5 –3.9 2.5 2.0 5.5 –1.2 3.4 –6.0 2.1
Saudi Arabia 0.0 1.6 –4.9 1.4 13.4 0.7 –2.3 1.5 1.3 2.0 .. .. ..
Senegal 3.1 3.2 6.5 5.2 2.8 1.6 4.3 4.6 2.8 3.4 3.7 2.6 3.1
Sierra Leone 1.2 –4.8 62.8 31.2 3.1 1.6 1.7 –7.1 –2.7 –5.3 0.2 –12.2 –10.3
Singapore 6.7 8.0 1.9 1.6 –6.2 0.4 5.3 7.9 7.6 8.0 .. .. 8.5
Slovak Republic 2.0 1.9 1.8 10.8 1.6 –0.2 2.0 –4.9 0.8 8.0 .. 12.0 4.6
Slovenia .. 2.4 .. 23.5 .. –0.1 .. 2.0 .. 3.8 .. –0.5 10.2
South Africa 1.0 1.9 15.5 10.2 2.9 1.0 0.7 0.9 2.4 2.4 1.9 5.3 3.0
Spain 3.0 2.2 9.3 4.0 .. –2.5 .. .. .. .. 5.7 10.9 –0.5
Sri Lanka 4.0 5.3 11.0 9.7 2.2 1.5 4.6 7.4 4.7 5.6 4.9 8.4 6.2
Sweden 2.3 1.5 7.4 2.1 1.5 .. 2.8 .. 2.2 .. 4.3 8.3 –2.2
Switzerland 2.0 0.5 3.4 1.5 .. .. .. .. .. .. 3.5 2.2 –0.4
Syrian Arab Republic 1.5 5.7 15.3 8.7 –0.6 .. 6.6 .. 0.1 .. 7.3 4.7 7.9
Tajikistan .. –9.8 .. 300.0 .. –12.2 .. –17.2 .. –10.7 .. .. ..
Tanzaniac .. 3.1 .. 23.2 .. 3.6 .. 2.6 .. 2.5 .. 9.5 –1.7
Thailand 7.6 4.7 3.9 4.6 3.9 2.7 9.8 6.7 7.3 5.5 14.1 9.4 –2.9
Togo 1.7 2.5 4.8 8.3 5.6 4.5 1.1 2.9 –0.3 0.5 0.1 1.5 11.6
Tunisia 3.3 4.6 7.4 4.7 2.8 2.1 3.1 4.5 3.5 5.3 5.6 5.1 3.4
Turkey 5.4 4.1 45.2 77.9 1.3 1.6 7.8 4.8 4.4 4.3 .. 11.9 4.6
Turkmenistan .. –3.5 .. 622.8 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
Uganda 2.9 7.2 113.8 13.7 2.1 3.7 5.0 12.7 2.8 8.1 1.8 16.3 9.9
Ukraine .. –10.8 .. 440.0 .. –5.8 .. –15.5 .. –3.1 .. –3.6 –24.8
United Kingdom 3.2 2.2 5.7 2.9 .. .. .. .. .. .. 3.9 6.0 1.8
United States 3.0 3.4 4.2 1.8 .. 2.5 .. 4.9 .. 2.1 4.7 9.3 7.0
Uruguay 0.4 3.7 61.3 36.0 0.0 4.3 –0.2 1.7 0.8 4.5 4.3 7.0 8.9
Uzbekistan .. –2.0 .. 356.7 .. –1.0 .. –5.1 .. –1.1 .. .. ..
Venezuela, RB 1.1 1.7 19.3 47.6 3.0 0.7 1.6 2.6 0.5 0.8 2.8 5.6 2.9
Vietnam 4.6 8.1 210.8 16.8 4.3 4.9 .. 13.0 .. 8.6 .. 27.7 25.5
Yemen, Rep. .. 3.0 .. 26.0 .. 5.0 .. 7.8 .. –1.8 .. 10.2 7.7
Zambia 1.0 1.0 42.2 56.9 3.6 –4.4 0.8 –4.3 –1.5 10.6 –3.4 1.8 11.3
Zimbabwe 3.6 2.4 11.6 23.8 3.1 4.3 3.2 –1.2 3.1 3.6 4.3 11.0 –0.7
World 3.2 w 2.5 w 2.7 w 1.6 w .. w 3.0 w .. w 2.5 w 5.2 w 6.9 w 2.9 w
Low income 4.4 2.4 3.0 2.5 5.4 1.1 5.7 4.7 3.3 5.3 –1.4
Middle income 3.2 3.5 3.5 2.0 3.6 4.4 3.5 3.6 7.3 8.8 4.0
Lower middle income 4.0 3.4 4.0 2.0 6.1 5.2 5.3 3.7 7.6 6.7 3.5
Upper middle income 2.5 3.6 2.8 1.9 2.3 3.9 2.8 3.6 7.0 10.8 4.4
Low and middle income 3.4 3.3 3.4 2.2 3.8 3.9 3.8 3.7 6.6 8.2 3.0
East Asia & Pacific 8.0 7.4 4.4 3.4 9.5 9.8 8.7 6.6 11.1 12.6 7.0
Europe & Central Asia 2.4 –2.7 .. –3.0 .. –3.5 .. 0.5 .. 4.4 –7.0
Latin America & Caribbean 1.7 3.4 2.2 2.0 1.3 3.6 1.8 3.4 5.4 8.7 4.9
Middle East & North Africa 2.0 3.0 5.5 2.5 0.3 2.1 2.2 3.5 .. .. ..
South Asia 5.7 5.7 3.2 3.7 6.8 6.3 6.6 7.0 6.5 9.6 6.8
Sub-Saharan Africa 1.7 2.4 2.5 2.5 1.2 1.5 2.4 2.5 2.4 4.4 3.6
High income 3.1 2.4 .. 0.8 .. 2.6 .. 2.2 5.0 6.5 2.6
Note: For data comparability and coverage, see the Technical Notes. Figures in italics are for years other than those specified.
a. Data prior to 1992 include Eritrea. b. Data prior to 1990 refer to the Federal Republic of Germany before unification. c. Data cover mainland Tanzania only.