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AC-DC Power Supply Efficiency Testing for Regulatory Standards APPLICATION NOTE
Contents
Introduction.................................................................... 3
Efficiency Standards...................................................... 3
Test Method.................................................................... 4
Tektronix Solution.......................................................... 6
PA3000 Power Analyzer.................................................. 6
2380 Series Electronic Load........................................... 7
PWRVIEW Software........................................................ 7
Conclusion.................................................................... 14
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AC-DC Power Supply Efficiency Testing for Regulatory Standards APPLICATION NOTE
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AC-DC Power Supply Efficiency Testing for Regulatory Standards APPLICATION NOTE
Performance Requirements
Nameplate Output No-Load Nameplate Output
Mark Power (Pno ) 2 Mode Power 3 Power (Pno ) Average Efficiency in Active Mode 4 Power Factor
I Used if none of the other criteria are met.
0 to ≤ 10 W ≤ 0.75 0 to < 1 W ≥ 0.39 * Pno
II 1 to < 49 W ≥ 0.107 * In(Pno) + 0.39 Not Applicable
> 10 to 250 W ≤ 1.0
> 49 W ≥ 0.82
0 to < 10 W ≤ 0.5 0 to 1 W ≥ 0.49 * Pno
III > 1 to 49 W ≥ 0.09 * In(Pno) + 0.49 Not Applicable
10 to 250 W ≤ 0.75
> 49 to 250 W ≥ 0.84
0 to < 1 W ≥ 0.5 + Pno
IV 0 to 250 W ≤ 0.5 1 to 51 W ≥ 0.09 * In(Pno) + 0.5 Not Applicable
> 51 to 250 W ≥ 0.85
Basic Voltage: ≥ 0.480 * Pno + 1.40
0 to ≤ 1 W EPSs with ≥ 100 W
AC-DC: ≤ 0.3 Low Voltage 5: ≥ 0.497 * Pno + 0.067
0 to < 50 W input power must have
AC-AC: ≤ 0.5 Basic Voltage: ≥ 0.0626 * In(Pno) + 0.622 a true power factor ≥
V 1 to ≤ 49 W
Low Voltage: ≥ 0.0750 * In(Pno) + 0.067 0.9 at 100% of rated
load when tested at
Basic Voltage: ≥ 0.870
≥ 50 to ≤ 250 W ≤ 0.5 > 49 to 250 W 115 V/60 Hz.
Low Voltage: ≥ 0.860
Single-Voltage
Basic Voltage: ≥ 0.5 * Pno + 0.16
0 to ≤ 1 W
Low Voltage: ≥ 0.517 * Pno + 0.087
AC-DC: ≤ 0.100 Basic Voltage: ≥ 0.071 * In(Pno) – 0.0014 *
0 to ≤ 49 W
AC-AC: ≤ 0.210 Pno + 0.67
> 1 to ≤ 49 W
Low Voltage: ≥ 0.0834 * In(Pno) – 0.0014 *
Pno + 0.609
VI Basic Voltage: ≥ 0.880 Not Applicable
≥ 49 to ≤ 250 W ≤ 0.210 > 49 to ≤ 250 W
Low Voltage: ≥ 0.870
≥ 250 W ≤ 0.500 >250 W ≥ 0.875
Multiple-Voltage
0 to ≤ 1 W ≥ 0.497 * Pno + 0.067
Any ≤ 0.300 > 1 to ≤ 49 W ≥ 0.075 * In(Pno) + 0.561
> 49 W ≥ 0.860
VII Reserved for future use.
2 Pno is the Nameplate Output Power of the unit under test.
3 In Australia and New Zealand, AC-AC external power supplies are not required to meet the no-load mode power requirements.
4 "In" refers to the natural logarithm.
5 A low-voltage model is an EPS with nameplate output voltage of less than 6 volts and nameplate output current greater than or equal to 550
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AC-DC Power Supply Efficiency Testing for Regulatory Standards APPLICATION NOTE
• The unit under test must be operated at 100% load Power Analyzer
current for 30 minutes immediately before conducting Power analyzers are required to measure input and output
efficiency measurements.
power accurately on AC-DC power supplies while making
• After the 30 minute warm-up period, AC input power efficiency measurements.
must be monitored for 5 minutes to check for device
stability. The power level drift should be within 1% from Power analyzers used for efficiency testing, based on
the maximum value observed. regulatory standards, are required to have the following
specifications:
• The 5 minute stability check must be performed at each
loading condition as noted below. The warm-up period of • Uncertainty of ≤ 2 percent at 95 percent confidence level
30 minutes is only required once at the start of the testing while measuring ≥0.5 W power.
procedure.
• Uncertainty of ≤ 0.01W at 95 percent confidence level
• The unit under test must be tested at 100%, 75%, 50%, while measuring < 0.5 W power.
25% and 0% of de-rated load (±2%) in that specific order.
• The power measurement instrument shall have a
• Standard also states loading conditions for multiple- resolution of:
output power supplies but those details are beyond the
scope of this document. Refer to the original publication –– 0.01 W or better for measurements up to 10 W;
for test method.
–– 0.1 W or better for measurements of 10 to 100 W; or
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AC-DC Power Supply Efficiency Testing for Regulatory Standards APPLICATION NOTE
• Measurements of voltage and current shall be made with • The input voltage form the AC wall socket can be very
an uncertainty of ≤ 1 percent at the 95 percent confidence unreliable and can have significant variations based on
level. various factors like time of day, wiring impedance and
load variations.
• Requirements for standby power testing are defined by
the IEC 62301 test standard. • Voltage signals from wall sockets are notorious for high
harmonic content (THC). This can be especially bad in
• All equipment used to conduct the tests must be selected lab testing environments due to presence of various other
and calibrated to ensure that measurements will meet the electronic instruments and constantly varying loads.
above uncertainty requirements.
• Voltage signals from wall sockets will also create
Electronic Load significant issues with repeatability of measurements, as
it very difficult to get a consistent voltage value.
• Active or passive load is required to set output current of
the DUT while testing efficiency. • Electronic AC sources solve these problems by providing
a traceable and reliable voltage output that has a
• Electronic loads, though relatively expensive, can provide
calibrated tolerance within the required standards.
significant benefits over passive loads due to their
versatility and programmability. • Most electronic AC sources also allow programming,
which makes it easy to automate efficiency testing and
• Electronic loads can also help automate efficiency
reduce time and user errors.
testing, reducing testing time and user errors.
• AC source used for efficiency testing per standards are
• Electronic loads, if used, are required to be set in
required to have the input voltage and frequency within
constant current mode while testing efficiency by
±1 percent of the specified values.
regulatory standard.
• The sources are also required to have the total harmonic
• Both passive and electronic loads also need to maintain
content (THC) of the input voltage within ≤ 2 percent, up
the load current at all required output voltages with an
to and including the 13th harmonic.
accuracy of ±0.5%.
• The crest factor of the input voltage source has to be
AC Source between 1.34 and 1.49.
• AC sources are required in most cases for efficiency
• It’s important to choose an AC source that complies with
testing to regulatory standards.
these specifications for efficiency testing.
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AC-DC Power Supply Efficiency Testing for Regulatory Standards APPLICATION NOTE
• Multiple channels enable measuring input and output • Peak ranging to ensure there is no clipping on high crest
simultaneously. factor waveforms common to AC-DC power supplies.
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AC-DC Power Supply Efficiency Testing for Regulatory Standards APPLICATION NOTE
2380 Series Electronic Load • 2380 Series Electronic Loads make automating efficiency
testing easy by using ‘List’ Mode. List mode allows users
The Keithley 2380 Series Electronic Loads feature 0.05%
to program the load with various load currents for specific
reading accuracy and 0.1mV/0.01mA voltage and current turn on and turn off times.
resolution to provide a perfect solution for AC-DC efficiency
testing applications. • List mode can be used to set up a test routine such
that the 2380 Series Electronic Loads start in full load
• High accuracy guarantees accurate loading at all required condition for about a 30 minutes warm-up time and then
voltage outputs on the AC-DC power supply. switch through 75%, 50%, 25% and 0% each, providing
an easy way to automate efficiency tests based on
• 200W, 250W and 750 watt models enable testing of regulatory standards.
a wide range of AC-DC power supplies at different
power levels. 100%
Load Current
75%
• Along with constant current (CC) mode that is required Load Current
50%
by the efficiency standards, 2380 Series Electronic Loads Load Current
25%
also support constant voltage (CV), constant resistance Load Current
0%
(CR) and constant power (CP) modes to test various load Load Current
configurations on the DUT.
PWRVIEW Software
Set Current PWRVIEW is a software application that compliments and
Load extends the functionality of Tektronix power analyzers. It
is available as a free download on the Tektronix website at
www.tek.com.
V CP Mode
Input Voltage
V2 Set Power
V2
I2 I3 I
Load Current
Figure 7: PWRVIEW software setup page.
Figure 5: Constant Power (CP) load control I-V Plot.
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AC-DC Power Supply Efficiency Testing for Regulatory Standards APPLICATION NOTE
Efficiency
Volts/Amps Vout
BB1000-UN
BREAKOUT BOX
AC LINE POWER SUPPLY UNDER TEST 2380 ELECTRONIC LOAD
Following are some useful features of PWRVIEW software • Dedicated Efficiency mode makes efficiency testing setup
that are important for power supply testing: effortless.
• User-friendly measure grid makes it easy to acquire, • User-defined hi/lo limits can help with quick pass-fail
monitor and analyze real-time data. tests.
• Record function enables logging and exporting of all • Waveforms, harmonic bar charts and trend charts help
required test measurements. with visually analyzing the incoming data, making it easier
to monitor tests.
• Remote operation of the PA3000 over any of the
instrument’s comms port (USB, LAN and GPIB) makes it • Grid setup enables writing formulas for custom
easy to automate efficiency testing. calculation of power conversion efficiency and other
parameters.
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AC-DC Power Supply Efficiency Testing for Regulatory Standards APPLICATION NOTE
• For AC Input, Vrms, Arms, Watts, VA, PF, Freq, ACF, THD
and harmonics measurements are selected.
PWRVIEW Software Setup Steps • Once all of these settings are done, PWRVIEW is ready to
PWRVIEW software is used to configure and measure make efficiency measurements.
efficiency on the power supply.
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AC-DC Power Supply Efficiency Testing for Regulatory Standards APPLICATION NOTE
• The 0% load condition is also called standby power and Figure 11: Waveform display.
requires a special method of testing based on IEC 62301.
This test method is described in the next section. • The harmonic bar chart can be enabled for all voltage,
current, and watts measurements. Up to 100 harmonics
• The 2380 Series Electronic Load can also be set up in can be selected through the setup screen. Hovering over
List Mode to automatically switch load values every five any harmonic bar will display the absolute value and
minutes to automate the whole testing process. percentage of fundamental for that harmonic.
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AC-DC Power Supply Efficiency Testing for Regulatory Standards APPLICATION NOTE
• The data logging rate or the total logging time can be set
from the drop down menu on the Record icon.
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AC-DC Power Supply Efficiency Testing for Regulatory Standards APPLICATION NOTE
Custom limits. Custom limits can also be set with any of the How to Test Standby Power (IEC 62301)
measurement parameters. Custom limits help set limits based
All power supplies are required to be tested for no load
on various standards or test specifications.
condition (standby power) and are required to be within
the stated no load power limits as published in the
efficiency standard.
• Custom limits will display red fonts if the limits are failing.
Hovering over the results will display the limit function,
limit value, and relative value.
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AC-DC Power Supply Efficiency Testing for Regulatory Standards APPLICATION NOTE
Power Meter • IEC 62301 standby power test is available under default
compliance tests on the setup page.
• The test, once started, will run for the time duration
selected and will update all the required measurements
Power Device in the left panel. The standby power variation over time is
V
Supply Under Test
displayed graphically.
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AC-DC Power Supply Efficiency Testing for Regulatory Standards APPLICATION NOTE
Conclusion
Efficiency, standby power and all other critical power related
measurements on power supplies require sophisticated and
accurate instrumentation to ensure that the power supply
performs to its specification.
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AC-DC Power Supply Efficiency Testing for Regulatory Standards APPLICATION NOTE
Contact Information:
Australia* 1 800 709 465
Austria 00800 2255 4835
Balkans, Israel, South Africa
and other ISE Countries +41 52 675 3777
Belgium* 00800 2255 4835
Brazil +55 (11) 3759 7627
Canada 1 800 833 9200
Central East Europe / Baltics +41 52 675 3777
Central Europe / Greece +41 52 675 3777
Denmark +45 80 88 1401
Finland +41 52 675 3777
France* 00800 2255 4835
Germany* 00800 2255 4835
Hong Kong 400 820 5835
India 000 800 650 1835
Indonesia 007 803 601 5249
Italy 00800 2255 4835
Japan 81 (3) 6714 3010
Luxembourg +41 52 675 3777
Malaysia 1 800 22 55835
Mexico, Central/South America
and Caribbean 52 (55) 56 04 50 90
Middle East, Asia, and North Africa +41 52 675 3777
The Netherlands* 00800 2255 4835
New Zealand 0800 800 238
Norway 800 16098
People’s Republic of China 400 820 5835
Philippines 1 800 1601 0077
Poland +41 52 675 3777
Portugal 80 08 12370
Republic of Korea +82 2 6917 5000
Russia / CIS +7 (495) 6647564
Singapore 800 6011 473
South Africa +41 52 675 3777
Spain* 00800 2255 4835
Sweden* 00800 2255 4835
Switzerland* 00800 2255 4835
Taiwan 886 (2) 2656 6688
Thailand 1 800 011 931
United Kingdom / Ireland* 00800 2255 4835
USA 1 800 833 9200
Vietnam 12060128
Copyright © 2016, Tektronix. All rights reserved. Tektronix products are covered by U.S. and foreign patents, issued and pending. Information in this publication supersedes that
in all previously published material. Specification and price change privileges reserved. TEKTRONIX and TEK are registered trademarks of Tektronix, Inc. All other trade names
referenced are the service marks, trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective companies.
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