A.C.

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY,

KARAIKUDI-630 004

(An Autonomous Government Institution)

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

PART-TIME B.E. ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

Regulation 2011
Curriculum and Syllabus
for students admitted in 2012-2013

Annexure –II
 A.C.COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
(AUTONOMOUS) KARAIKUDI – 630004

B.E. (PART TIME) ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

Regulations 2011

Curriculum

SEMESTER I

S.No. Subject Code Subject L T P C

Theory
1 11MA102 Mathematics I 3 1 0 4
2 11EE302 Electromagnetic Theory 3 1 0 4
3 11EE303 Electrical Machines I 3 1 0 4
4 11EE207 Circuit Theory 3 1 0 4
5 11EE306 C Programming and Data Structures 3 0 0 3
Total 19

SEMESTER II

S.No. Subject Code Subject L T P C

Theory
1 11MA202 Mathematics II 3 1 0 4
2 11EE402 Electrical Machines II 3 1 0 4
3 11EE406 Environmental Science and Engineering 3 0 0 3
4 11EE411 Power Plant Engineering 3 0 0 3
5 11EE412 Electronics I 3 0 0 3
Total 17
 SEMESTER III

S.No. Subject Code Subject L T P

C
Theory
1 11EE501 Control Systems 3 1 0 4
2 11EE503 Transmission and Distribution 3 1 0 4
3 11EE502 Measurements and Instrumentation 3 0 0 3
4 11EE511 Electronics II 3 0 0 3
Practical
5 11EE512 Electrical Machines Laboratory 0 0 3 2

Total 16

SEMESTER IV

Subject
S.No. Code Subject L T P
C
Theory
1 11EE403 Digital Logic Circuits 3 0 0 3
2 11EE404 Linear Integrated Circuits 3 0 0 3
3 11EE601 Power System Analysis 3 1 0 4
4 11EE603 Electrical Machine Design 3 1 0 4
Practical
5 11EE507 Control and Instrumentation Laboratory 0 0 3 2

Total 16
 SEMESTER V

Subject
S.No. Code Subject L T P
C
Theory
1 11EE504 Power Electronics 3 1 0 4
2 11EE505 Microcontroller 3 0 0 3
3 11EE*** Elective I 3 0 0 3
4 11EE*** Elective II 3 0 0 3
Practical
5 11EE508 Microcontroller Laboratory 0 0 3 2

Total 15

SEMESTER VI

Subject
S.No. Code Subject L T P
C
Theory
1 11EE604 Solid State Drives 3 1 0 4
2 11EE605 Power System Protection & Switchgear 3 0 0 3
3 11EE*** Elective III 3 0 0 3
4 11EE*** Elective IV 3 0 0 3
Practical
5 11EE607 Power Electronics and Drives Lab 0 0 3 2

Total 15
 SEMESTER VII

S.No. Subject Code Subject L T P

C
Theory
1 11EE801 Power System Operation and Control 3 1 0 4
2 11EE702 Electric Energy Generation and Utilization 3 1 0 4
3 11EE*** Elective V 3 0 0 3
4 11EE*** Elective VI 3 0 0 3
Practical
5 11EE802 Project 0 0 3 3

Total 17
 LIST OF ELECTIVES

S. No. Subject Code Subject L T P C

1 11EE001 Professional Ethics and Human Values 3 0 0 3
2 11EE002 High Voltage Engineering 3 0 0 3
3 11EE003 Modern Control Systems 3 0 0 3
4 11EE004 Flexible AC Transmission Systems 3 0 0 3
5 11EE005 Embedded Systems 3 0 0 3
6 11EE006 Bio-Medical Instrumentation 3 0 0 3
7 11EE007 Wireless Network Communication 3 0 0 3
8 11EE008 Nanotechnology 3 0 0 3
9 11EE009 Power Quality 3 0 0 3
10 11EE010 Computer Networks 3 0 0 3
11 11EE011 Total Quality Management 3 0 0 3
12 11EE012 Digital Image Processing 3 0 0 3
13 11EE013 Computer Aided Machine Design 3 0 0 3
14 11EE014 Industrial Automation and Control 3 0 0 3
15 11EE015 Renewable Energy Resources 3 0 0 3
16 11EE016 Virtual Instrumentation 3 0 0 3
17 11EE017 Power System Instrumentation 3 0 0 3
18 11EE018 Soft Computing Techniques 3 0 0 3
19 11EE019 MEMS 3 0 0 3
20 11EE020 Object Oriented Programming 3 0 0 3
21 11EE021 Distributed Generation Systems 3 0 0 3
22 11EE022 Smart Grid 3 0 0 3
23 11EE023 Advanced Power System Analysis 3 0 0 3
24 11EE024 Electrical Safety Management and Energy Audit 3 0 0 3
25 11EE025 Power System Digital Protection 3 0 0 3
26 11EE026 Microcontroller Based System Design 3 0 0 3
 SEMESTER I

11MA102-MATHEMATICS I
(Common to all branches of Engineering) L T P C
3 1 0 4
UNIT I MATRICES 9+3
Characteristic equation - Eigen values and Eigen vectors of a real matrix -Properties of
Eigen values - Cayley-Hamilton theorem(Excluding Proof) – Diagonalisation - Similarity
transformation and Orthogonal transformation - Quadratic form - Reduction of a quadratic
form to canonical form by Orthogonal transformation.

UNIT II THREE DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY 9+3

Straight line - Coplanar lines - Shortest distance between skew lines - Equation of a
sphere - Plane section of a sphere - Tangent plane -Equation of a Cone
- Right circular cone.

UNIT III DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS 9+3

Curvature – Radius of curvature in Cartesian, Parametric and Polar Co-ordinates - Centre
and Circle of curvature –Evolutes – Evolutes as Envelope of normals.

UNIT IV FUNCTIONS OF SEVERAL VARIABLES 9+3

Partial derivatives - Euler's theorem - Total derivative - Differentiation of implicit
functions - Taylor's expansion – Maxima & Minima for functions of two variables – Method
of Lagrangian Multipliers – Jacobian – Properties.

UNIT V ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS (ODE) 9+3

First order higher degree ordinary differential equations - Solution of x, y, p and Clairaut’s
form - Higher order linear differential equations with constant coefficients - Cauchy's and
Legendre's linear equations – Simultaneous first order linear equations with constant
coefficients - Method of variation of parameters.

L:45 T:15 Total : 60

TEXT BOOK

1. Veerarajan. T., "Engineering Mathematics (for first year)", Fourth Edition,

Tata McGraw - Hill Publishing Company Limited, New Delhi, 2005.
2. Venkataraman. M. K., "Engineering Mathematics", Volume I and
II Revised enlarged Fourth Edition, The National Publishing
Company, Chennai, 2004.

REFERENCES

1. Grewal, B.S., "Higher Engineering Mathematics", Thirty eighth Edition,

Khanna Publishers, New Delhi, 2005.
2. Kandasamy. P, Thilagavathy. K & Gunavathy. K “ Engineering Mathematics for
first year”, revised edition, S. Chand & Company Ltd., New Delhi, 2010
 11EE302 - ELECTROMAGNETIC THEORY L T P C
3 1 0 4

UNIT I FUNDAMENTALS 9
Sources and effects of electromagnetic fields – Vector fields – Different co-ordinate systems –
Vector calculus – Gradient, Divergence and Curl – Divergence theorem – Stoke’s theorem
UNIT II ELECTROSTATICS 9
Coulomb’s Law – Electric field intensity – Field due to point and continuous charges –
Gauss’s law and application – Electric potential – Electric field and equipotential plots –
Electric field in free space, conductors, dielectric – Dielectric polarization – Dielectric strength
– Electric field in multiple dielectrics – Boundary conditions, Poisson’s and Laplace’s
equations – Capacitance – Energy density.

UNIT III MAGNETOSTATICS 9

Lorentz Law of force – Magnetic field intensity – Biot-savart Law – Ampere’s Law –
Magnetic field due to straight conductors – Circular loop – Infinite sheet of current –
Magnetic flux density (B) – B in free space – Conductor – Magnetic materials –
Magnetization – Magnetic field in multiple media – Boundary conditions – Scalar and vector
potential – Magnetic force – Torque – Inductance – Energy density – Magnetic circuits.

UNIT IV ELECTRODYNAMIC 9
Faraday’s laws – Induced EMF – Transformer and motional EMF – Forces and Energy in
quasi- stationary Electromagnetic Fields – Maxwell’s equations (differential and integral
forms) – Displacement current – Relation between field theory and circuit theory.

UNIT V ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES 9

Generation – Electro Magnetic Wave equations – Wave parameters – Velocity –
Intrinsic impedance – Propagation constant – Waves in free space – Lossy and lossless
dielectrics – Conductors-skin depth – Poynting vector – Plane wave reflection and refraction
– Transmission lines – Line equations – Input impedances – Standing wave ratio and power.

L : 45 T : 15 Total: 60

TEXT BOOKS
1. Mathew N.O. Sadiku, “Elements of Electromagnetics”, Oxford University Press
Inc., 1st Indian Edition, 2007
2. Ashutosh Pramanik, “Electromagnetism – Theory and Applications”, Prentice
Hall of India, 2006.

REFERENCES
1. Joseph A. Edminister, “Theory and Problems of Electromagnetics”, 2nd Edition,
Schaum Series, Tata McGraw Hill, 1993
2. William H. Hayt, “Engineering Electromagnetics”, Tata McGraw Hill Edition, 2001.
3. Kraus, Fleish, “Electromagnetics with Applications”, McGraw Hill International
Editions, 5th Edition, 1999.
 11EE303-ELECTRICAL MACHINES I L T P C
3 1 0 4

UNIT I BASIC CONCEPTS IN ELECTRICAL MACHINE 9

Introduction to electrical machines- Magnetic circuits and parameters–principles of
electromagnetic induction - field energy and co energy – m.m.f of distributed AC winding- force
and torque – singly and doubly excited systems.

UNIT II DC GENERATORS 9
Construction – Principle of operation- emf equation –- methods of excitation- self and separately
excited generators - Circuit model – Armature reaction – Commutation - Characteristics of shunt ,
series and compound generators – losses and efficiency – Parallel operation.

UNIT III DC MOTORS 9

Construction – Principle of operation – back emf and torque equation – performance
Characteristics of DC motors- types of starters and speed control methods armature and filed
control methods – ward Leonard speed control - losses and efficiency calculations.

UNIT IV TRANSFORMERS 9
Constructional details – Principle of operation single phase and three phase transformers- - emf
equation – current and voltage phasor diagram of no load and loaded transformer- Equivalent
circuit parameters – Losses – Efficiency and voltage regulation – Three phase connections – vector
group - Tap changing.

UNIT V TESTING OF DC MACHINES AND TRANSFORMERS 9

Testing of DC machines – brake test – Swinburne’s test – retardation test and Hopkinson’s test –
testing of transformers- polarity test-sumpner’s test – load test- open circuit and short circuit tests-
losses and efficiency calculations – condition for maximum efficiency – All day efficiency –
parallel operation of single phase transformers- auto transformer.

L: 45 T : 15 Total: 60
TEXT BOOKS

1. Nagrath, I.J. and Kothari, D.P., ‘Electric Machines”, Tata McGraw Hill, 1990.
2. Bimbhra, P.S., “Electrical Machinery”, Khanna Publishers, 2003.

REFERENCES

1.Fitzgerald. A.E., Charles Kingsely Jr, Stephen D. Umans, “Electric Machinery”,

Tata McGraw Hill, 1992.
2. Sen, P.C.,“Principles of Electrical Machines and Power Electronics”, John Wiley And Sons, 1997.
3. Gupta, J.B., “Theory and Performance of Electrical Machines”, S.K. Kataria and Sons, 2002.
 11EE207-CIRCUIT THEORY L T P C
3 1 0 4

UNIT I BASIC CIRCUITS ANALYSIS 9

Ohm’s Law – Kirchoffs laws – DC and AC Circuits – Resistors in series and parallel circuits –
Mesh current and node voltage method of analysis for D.C and A.C. circuits.

UNIT II NETWORK REDUCTION AND NETWORK THEOREMS FOR DC

AND AC CIRCUITS 9
Network reduction: voltage and current division, source transformation – star delta conversion.
Thevenins and Norton & Theorem – Superposition Theorem – Maximum power transfer
theorem – Reciprocity Theorem – Compensation Theorem – Tellegen’s Theorem.

UNIT III RESONANCE AND COUPLED CIRCUITS 9

Series and paralled resonance – their frequency response – Quality factor and Bandwidth- Self
and mutual inductance – Coefficient of coupling – Tuned circuits – Single tuned circuits.

UNIT IV TRANSIENT RESPONSE OF DC AND AC CIRCUITS 9

Transient response of RL, RC and RLC Circuits using Laplace transform for DC input and
A.C. with sinusoidal input – Time constant.

UNIT V ANALYSING THREE PHASE CIRCUITS 9

Three phase balanced / unbalanced voltage sources – analysis of three phase 3-wire and 4-
wire circuits with star and delta connected loads, balanced & un balanced – phasor diagram of
voltages and currents – power and power factor measurements in three phase circuits.

L : 45 T : 15 Total : 60

TEXT BOOKS

1. William H. Hayt Jr, Jack E. Kemmerly and Steven M. Durbin, “Engineering

th
Circuits Analysis”, TMH publishers, 6 edition, New Delhi, (2002).
2. Sudhakar A and Shyam Mohan SP, “Circuits and Network Analysis and
Synthesis”, Tata McGraw Hill, (2007).

REFERENCES

1. Paranjothi SR, “Electric Circuits Analysis,” New Age International Ltd., New
Delhi, (1996).
2. Joseph A. Edminister, Mahmood Nahri, “Electric circuits”, Schaum’s series, Tata
McGraw-Hill, New Delhi (2001).
3. Chakrabati A, “Circuits Theory (Analysis and synthesis), Dhanpath Rai & Sons, New
Delhi, (1999).
4. Charles K. Alexander, Mathew N.O. Sadik, “Fundamentals of Electric Circuits”, Second
Edition, McGraw Hill, (2003).
 11EE306-C PROGRAMMING AND DATA STRUCTURES
L T P C
3 0 0 3

UNIT I INTRODUCTION 9
Data types- constants- variables and arrays- declarations- expressions- statements- operators-
arithmetic- unary- relational- logical, assignment- conditional- input/output functions- control
statements- IF-ELSE ,WHILE,DO-WHILE,FOR, nested control structures- switches-Break,
Continue statement, Simple Programs using these Statements .

UNIT II FUNCTIONS AND ARRAYS 9

Functions- Defining- Accessing- Function Prototypes- Passing of Arguments- Recursion- Storage
Class- Automatic, Global, Static Variables- Arrays- Defining Processing- Passing Arrays to
Function- Multidimensional arrays- Arrays and Strings- Inbuilt functions- String handling-
Programming with these statements.

UNIT III POINTERS AND FILES 9

Pointers- Declaration- Passing Pointers to function- Pointers and Arrays ( single and
multidimensional) – Arrays of Pointers- Dynamic Memory Allocation- operation on Pointers-
Structures- Defining- Processing- User defined data types- Structures and Pointers- passing
Structures to functions- Union- Data files- opening, closing, reading, writing, processing and file
handling programs.

UNIT IV DATA STRUCTURES 9

Introduction to data structures - information & meaning - arrays -Structures - Stack;
Definition & examples - operations, representation , Queues & lists - representation and
operations - linked list – creation and applications.

UNIT V TECHNIQUES 9
Tree: Definition - types - binary tree - Representation - tree traversal techniques – In order, Pre
order and Post order- applications. Sorting and Searching techniques - Selection Sorting .
Bubble Sorting - Insertion sorting - Merge sorting- Linear and Binary Searching.

Total:45

TEXT BOOKS

1. Brion S.Gottfried, Jitender Kumar Chabbra, “Programming with C”, Second

Edition, Tata McGraw Hill Publications, 2006.
2. Jean- Paul Tremblay and Paul G.Sorenson, “An Introduiction to Data Structures with
Applications”, Tata McGraw Hill Publications, 1998

REFERENCES

1. Harvey M. Deital and J.Paul Deitel, “C How to Program” Prentice-Hall of India, 2004.
2. Brian W.Kernighan & Dennis Richie “C Programming Language” Prentice-Hall of India,
2007.
3. E.Balagurusamy “ANSI C”, Tata McGraw Hill Publications.
4. Yashwant Kanitkar, “Let Us C”, BPD Publications.
 SEMESTER II

11MA202- MATHEMATICS II
(Common to all branches of Engineering)
L T P C
3 1 0 4
UNIT I MULTIPLE INTEGRALS 9+3
Double integration – Cartesian and Polar Co-ordinates – Change of order of integration – Area
as a double integral – Change of variables between Cartesian and Polar Co-ordinates –
Triple integration in Cartesian coordinates – Volume as a triple integral.

UNIT II VECTOR CALCULUS 9+3

Revision of vector algebra (question should not be asked) – Gradient, Divergence and Curl –
Directional derivative – Irrotational and Solenoidal vector fields – Vector integration –
Green’s theorem in a plane – Gauss divergence theorem and Stoke’s theorem (excluding
proof) – Simple applications involving cubes and rectangular parallelopipeds.
UNIT III ANALYTICAL FUNTIONS 9+3
Functions of a complex variable – analytic functons – Necessary conditions – Cauchy –
Riemann Equations and sufficient conditions (excluding proof) – Properties of analytic functions
– Harmonic conjugate – Construction of analytic functions – Conformal mapping: w=z+c, cz,
1/z, z2 and bilinear transformation.
UNIT IV COMPLEX INTEGRATION 9+3
Complex Integration – Statement and applications of Cauchy’s integral theorem and Cauchy’s
integral formula – Taylor’s and Laurent’s expansions – Singularities - Residues – Cauchy’s
residue theorem – Applications of Residue theorem to evaluate real integrals – Unit circle and
semi-circular contours (excluding poles on boundaries).

UNIT V LAPLACE TRANSFORMS 9+3

Laplace transform – Condition for the existence of Laplace Transforms - Transforms of
elementary functions – Basic properties – Transforms of derivatives and integrals – Change of
scale property – Transform of unit step function and impulse function – Transform of periodic
functions - Initial and final value theorems – Inverse Laplace transforms – Convolution
theorem (excluding proof) – Solution of Linear Ordinary Differential Equations of second order
with constant coefficients and integral equations using Laplace transforms.

L: 45 T: 15 Total: 60
TEXT BOOKS
1. Veerarajan. T., “Engineering Mathematics (for first year)”, Fourth Edition, Tata
McGraw– Hill Publishing Company Limited, New Delhi, 2005.
2. Venkataraman, M.K., “Engineering Mathematics”, Volume I and II Revised
enlarged Fourth Edition, The National Publishing Company, Chennai, 2004.

REFERENCES
1. Grewal, B.S., “Higher Engineering Mathematics”, Thirty eighth Edition,
Khanna Publishers, New Delhi, 2005.
2. Kandasamy.P., Thilagavathy.K. and Gunavathy.K., “Engineering Mathematics for first
year”, Revised Edition, S.Chand & Company Ltd., New Delhi, 2010.
 11EE402-ELECTRICAL MACHINES II
L T P C
3 1 0 4

UNIT I THREE PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR 9+3

Constructional details – Types of rotors – Starting Methods- Principle of operation – Equivalent
circuit – Slip torque characteristics – Condition for maximum torque at starting and running –
Losses and efficiency – Load test - No load and blocked rotor tests – Maximum power output –
Circle diagram - Effect of rotor resistance – Double-cage rotors – Methods of Speed Control-
Induction generator.

UNIT II SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR 9+3

Constructional details – Types of Rotors– Emf equation – Effect of Armature reaction based on
load power factors- Synchronous reactance- Voltage regulation – EMF, MMF, ZPF and ASA
methods – Power developed by Synchronous generator –Synchronizing – methods of
Synchronizing three phase alternators- Parallel operation – Synchronizing current, torque and
power - Change of excitation and mechanical input – Two reaction theory of salient pole machines
and slip test - Capability curves.

UNIT III SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR 9+3

Principle of operation – Starting methods-Torque equation –– V-curves – Power input and power
developed equations – Stability and maximum load angle –Current loci for constant power input,
operation of Synchronous motor on constant excitation with variable load and variable excitation
with constant load- synchronous condenser.

UNIT IV SINGLE PHASE INDUCTION MOTORS 9+3

Constructional details of single phase induction motor – Double revolving field theory and
operation – Equivalent circuit – Performance analysis – Starting methods of single-phase
induction motors- Types of Single Phase Induction Motors- Shaded pole motor – Reluctance
motor – Repulsion motor – Hysteresis motor- AC series motor.

UNIT V SPECIAL MACHINES 9+3

Special machines –, Stepper motor - Linear Induction motor- Plane Induction Motor–
Synchronous induction motor – PMBL DC Motor- PMSM Motor- Switched Reluctance Motor.

L: 45 T: 15 Total: 60
TEXT BOOKS

1. Gupta, J.B., “Theory and Performance of Electrical Machines”, S.K.Kataria and

Sons,2008.
2. Bhimbhra, P.S., “Electrical Machinery”, Khanna Publishers, 2003.

REFERENCES

1. Fitzgerald, A.E., Charles Kingsley, Stephen D. Umans, “Electric Machinery”, Tata

McGraw Hill, 2003.
2. Irwing Kosow, “Electric Machinery”, Pearson Education, 2003.
 11EE406 - ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
L T P C
3 0 0 3

UNIT I INTRODUCTION TO ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES AND NATURAL

RESOURCES 9
Definition – Scope and importance – Need for public awareness – Forest resources – Use and over
– Exploitation – Deforestation – Case studies – Timber extraction – Mining – Dams and their
ground water – Floods – Drought – Conflicts over water – Dams – Benefits and problems –
Mineral resources – Use effects on forests and tribal people – Water resources – Use and over-
utilization of surface and exploitation – Environmental effects of extracting and using mineral
resources – Case studies – Food resources – World food problems – Changes caused by
agriculture and overgrazing – Effects of modern agriculture – Fertilizer – Pesticide problems –
Water logging, salinity – Case studies – Energy resources – Growing energy needs –
Renewable and non renewable energy sources – Use of alternate energy sources – Case studies –
Land resources – Land as a resource – Land degradation – Man induced landslides – Soil erosion
and desertification– Role of an individual in conservation of natural resources – Equitable use of
resources for sustainable lifestyles.

UNIT II ECOSYSTEMS AND BIODIVERSITY 9

Concepts of an ecosystem – Structure and function of an ecosystem – Producers, consumers and
decomposers – Energy flow in the ecosystem – Ecological succession – Food chains, food webs
and ecological pyramids – Introduction, types, characteristic features, structure and function of
the (A) forest ecosystem (B) grassland ecosystem (C) desert ecosystem (D) aquatic
ecosystems (Ponds, Streams, Lakes, Rivers, Oceans, Estuaries) – Introduction to biodiversity –
Definition genetic, species and ecosystem diversity – Biogeographical classification of India –
Value of biodiversity – Consumptive use, productive use, social, ethical, aesthetic and option
values – Biodiversity at global, national and local levels – India as a mega-diversity nation – Hot-
Spots of biodiversity – Threats to biodiversity: habitat loss, poaching of wildlife, man-wildlife
conflicts – Endangered and endemic species of India – Conservation of biodiversity: In-situ and
ex-situ conservation of biodiversity.

UNIT III ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION 9

Definition – Causes, Effects and Control Measures of:- (A) Air Pollution (B) Water Pollution (C)
Soil Pollution (D) Marine Pollution (E) Noise Pollution (F) Thermal Pollution (G) Nuclear
Hazards – Solid Waste Management:- Causes, Effects and Control Measures of Urban and
Industrial Wastes – Role of an Individual in Prevention of Pollution – Pollution Case Studies –
disaster Management:- Floods, Earthquake, Cyclone and Landslides

UNIT IV SOCIAL ISSUES AND THE ENVIRONMENT 9

From unsustainable to sustainable development – Urban problems related to energy – Water
conservation, rain water harvesting, watershed management – Resettlement and rehabilitation of
people, its problems and concerns, case studies – Environmental ethics:- issues and
possible solutions – Climate change, global warming, acid rain, ozone layer depletion, nuclear
accidents and holocaust, case studies – Wasteland reclamation – Consumerism and waste products
– Environment production act – Air (Prevention and control of pollution) act – Water (Prevention
and control of pollution) act – Wildlife protection act – Forest conservation act – Issues involved
in enforcement of environmental legislation – Public awareness.
UNIT V HUMAN POPULATION AND THE ENVIRONMENT 9
Population growth, variation among nations – Population explosion – Family welfare
programme – Environment and human health – Human rights – Value education – HIV /AIDS –
Women and child welfare – Role of information technology in environment and human health –
Case studies.

Total:45

TEXT BOOKS

1. Masters, G.M., “Introduction to Environmental Engineering and Science”, 2nd Edition,

Pearson Education, 2004.
2. Miller, T.G. Jr., “Environmental Science”, Wadsworth Pub. Co.,1971
3. Townsend, C., Harper, J. and Begon, M., “Essentials of Ecology”, Blackwell Science,
2003.
4. Trivedi, R.K. and Goel, P.K., “Introduction to Air Pollution”, Techno-
Science Publications.

REFERENCES

1. Erach, B., “The Biodiversity of India”, Mapin Publishing Pvt. Ltd.,

2. Trivedi, R.K., “Handbook of Environmental Laws, Rules, Guidelines, Compliances and
Standards”, Vol.I and II, Envio Media.
3. Cunningham, Cooper, W.P. and Gorhani, T.H., “Environmental Encyclopedia”,
Jaico Publishing House, Mumbai, 2001.
4. Wages, K.D., “Environmental Management”, W.B. Saunders Co.,
 11EE411-POWER PLANT ENGINEERING
L T P C
3 0 0 3

UNIT I THERMAL POWER PLANTS 9

Basic thermodynamic cycles – Various components of steam power plant – Layout – Pulverized
coal burners – Fluidized bed combustion – Coal handling systems – Ash handling systems –
Forced draft and induced draft fans – Boilers – Feed pumps – Super heater – Regenerator –
Condenser – Dearearators – Cooling tower

UNIT II HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER PLANTS 9

Layout – Dams – Selection of water turbines – Types – Pumped storage hydel plants

UNIT III NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS 9

Principles of nuclear energy – Fission reactions – Nuclear reactor – Nuclear power plants

UNIT IV GAS AND DIESEL POWER PLANTS 9

Types – Open and closed cycle gas turbine – Work output and thermal efficiency – Methods to
improve performance – Reheating, intercoolings, regeneration – Advantage and disadvantages –
Diesel engine power plant – Component and layout

UNIT V NON – CONVENTIONAL POWER GENERATION 9

Solar energy collectors – OTEC – Wind power plants – Tidal power plants and geothermal
resources – Fuel cell – MHD power generation – Principle – Thermoelectric power generation –
Thermionic power generation.

Total: 45

TEXT BOOKS

1. Arora and Domkundwar, “A Course in Power Plant Engineering”, Dhanpat Rai.

2. Nag, P.K., “Power Plant Engineering”, 2nd Edition, Tata McGraw Hill, 2003.

REFERENCES

1. Bernhardt, G.A., Skrotzki and William A. Vopat, “Power Station Engineering and
Economy”, 20th Reprint, Tata McGraw Hill, 2002.
2. Rai, G.D., “An Introduction to Power Plant Technology”, Khanna Publishers.
3. El-Wakil, M.M., “Power Plant Technology”, Tata McGraw Hill, 1984.
 11EE412-ELECTRONICS- I
L T P C
3 0 0 3

UNIT I PN JUNCTION DEVICES 9

Brief review of behaviour of PN junction - Current components in a PN junction diode - VI
characteristics and its temperature dependence - Diode resistance - Transition and
diffusion capacitance - Diode as a circuit element - Load line concept - Piece wise linear
model of a diode - PN junction as a rectifier - Single phase half wave, full wave and bridge
rectifier -Filters L,C and LC filters - Concept of critical inductance and bleeder resistance.
Principle of operation and characteristics of zener diode - Zener diode as a voltage
regulating device.

UNIT II BIPOLAR JUNCTION TRANSISTOR 9

Characteristics - Junction transistor - Current components - Transistor as an amplifier -
Input /output characteristics of CB,CE,CC configurations - Cutoff, saturation, active regions
- Common emitter current gain - Maximum voltage rating - Photo transistor . Transistor
biasing and thermal stabilization - Operating point - Bias stability - Stabilization
factors - Different bias stabilization circuits - Bias compensation techniques - Diode
compensation - Thermistor and sensitor compensation - Thermal runaway and operating
point consideration - Thermal stability and use of heat sinks.

UNIT III BJT ANALYSIS 9

Transistor at low frequencies - Graphical analysis of CE configuration - Hybrid
model and h parameters - Analysis of transistor amplifier using h parameters -
Comparison of amplifier configuration - Cascading amplifier - Darlington pair - Bootstrap
principle. Transistor at high frequencies - Hybrid n - CE model - CE short circuit current
gain - Transistor as a switch.

UNIT IV FIELD EFFECT TRANSISTOR 9

JFET – Structure and physical operation- Static characteristics- MOSFET- Structure and
physical operation – Static characteristics- MOSFET as an Amplifier and as a switch- Biasing of
MOS Amplifier Circuits- Small signal model- Single stage MOS amplifier- MOSFET internal
capacitance and high frequency model- frequency response of common source amplifier-
Depletion type MOSFET- MOS analog switches - Introduction to CMOS devices.

UNIT V SPECIAL DEVICES 9

Principle of operation and characteristics of varactor diode,Tunnel diode,SCR,Triac, Diac,
UJT - Opto electronic devices - Photodiode - PIN photodiode - Photo voltaic effect - Photo
conductive cell - LED - LCD - opto-isolators.
Total:45
TEXT BOOK
1. Jacob Millman and Halkias C.C. “Electronic Devices and Circuits” Tata Mc
Graw- Hill; 2004.

REFERENCE BOOKS
1. Allen Mottershead “Electronic Devices and Circuits” PHI; 1989.
2. Jacob Millman and Halkias C.C. “Integrated Electronics-Analog & Digital
Circuits and Systems” Tata Mc Graw- Hill; 1992.
3. Mathur S.P, Kulshreshtha D.C and Chanda P.R. “Electronic Devices;
Applications and Integrated Circuits (fifth edition)” Umesh Publications; 1988.
4. Sharupick.L and Tugov.N “Opto Electronics” MIR Publications Moscow; 1988.
5. Jacob Millman and Arvin Grabel “Microelectronics (Second edition)”
Mc Graw-Hill; 2001.
6. Sedra,Smith”Micro Electronic Circuits”,5Th edition,Oxford University Press,2006.
 SEMESTER III

11EE501 - CONTROL SYSTEMS

L T P C
3 1 0 4

UNIT I SYSTEM MODELLING 9

Basic elements in control systems – Open loop & Closed loop system – Effect of Feedback-–
Transfer function – Modeling of Mechanical Translational & & Rotational systems, Electrical
Systems – Electrical Analogy of Mechanical systems – Block diagram reduction techniques –
Signal Flow Graph.

UNIT II TIME DOMAIN ANALYSIS 9

Types of standard test inputs – Analysis of First order and Second order systems – Time domain
specifications – Steady state error& Error constants - Generalized Error co-efficient- Response
of P, PI, PID Controllers

UNIT III FREQUENCY DOMAIN ANALYSIS 9

Introduction – Correlation between Time and Frequency Response - Frequency domain
specifications –– Polar plot- Bode plot-All pass minimum phase systems- Computation of Gain
and Phase Margin- Determination of Transfer functions.

UNIT IV STABILITY ANALYSIS 9

The Concept of Stability –Hurwitz Stability Criterion – Routh Stability Criterion – Relative
stability Analysis- Root locus technique –Construction of Root Loci- Nyquist Stability Criterion

UNIT V STATE SPACE ANALYSIS 9

Introduction – Concept of State, State Variables and State Model-State model of
continuous time systems - State space representation using physical, phase and canonical
variables – Solutions of State Equations- Controllability & Observability.

L : 45 T : 15 Total : 60

TEXT BOOKS

1. Nagrath. I.J and Gopal .M, “Control Systems Engineering “ New Age
International(p)Ltd- 5th Edition -2007.
2. Ogata.K “Modern Control Engineering “ Pearsan education- Asia 4th edition – 2002.

REFERENCE BOOKS

1. Gopal.M “Digital Control and State variable methods” TMH – 2002.

2. A.Anand Kumar “ Control Systems” PHI Learning Private Ltd.,-2009
3. Kuo. B.C, “Automatic control systems” PHI 7’th edition – 1997.
 11EE502 MEASUREMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION
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UNIT I - UNITS AND STANDARDS 9
Dimensional analysis – D’Arsonval Galvanometer – principle of operation and constructional
details of moving coil, moving iron, dynamometer type, rectifier type, thermal type instruments-
errors and compensations – extension of range using shunt, multiplier.

UNIT II - MEASUREMENT OF POWER 9

Measurement of power in single phase and three phase circuits – Dynamometer type wattmeter –
LPF wattmeter – Error and compensation. Measurement of energy in single phase and three
phase circuits – Induction type energy meter – Error and Compensation – calibration. Maximum
demand meter, KVAR meter, powerfactor meter, trivector meter, synchroscope.

UNIT III - BRIDGES AND POTENTIOMETER 9

Measurement of resistances – Series and shunt type ohmmeter – Megger - General principle of
AC bridges – Bridge sensitivity and bridge balance – screening and earthing devices
measurements of self and mutual inductance and capacitance – Maxwell, Hay’s, Anderson,
Wien and Schering bridges –Impedance bridge – detectors and detectors in bridge measurements
- DC potentiometer – AC potentiometer

UNIT IV - MAGNETIC MEASUREMENT AND TRANSDUCERS 9

Ballistisc tests – measurement of flux density, magnetising force(H) - Testing of Ring
specimens-Determination of B-H curve-Hysteresis loop, Testing of bar specimens- Permeameter
– Measurement of leakage factor with flux meter -Methods of iron loss measurement-
Measurement of air gap flux – Testing of permanent magnets- Classification of transducers –
Selection of transducers – Resistive, capacitive and inductive
Transducers.

UNIT V DIGITAL INSTRUMENTS 9

Digital Meters–Voltmeters – Ammeters - Multimeters – wattmeters –Energy meters – Frequency
and Phase Measurement- Recorders -Digital plotters and printers – CRT display – Digital
Storage CRO -LED, LCD – Data Loggers – Smart sensors.
Total : 45

TEXTBOOK
1. Sawhney A.K,”A course in Electrical and Elecrronic Measurements and
Instrumentation” Dhanpat Rai and Sons.2007.
2. Bouwens, A.J., “Digital Instrumentation”, Tata McGraw Hill, 1997.

REFERENCE BOOK
1. Harris F.K,” Electrical measurements” Wiley Eastern 1994.
2. Golding E.W and Willis F.E, “Measurements and Measuring instruments”
Sir Isaac pictman and sons(P)Ltd.1997.
3. Rajendra Prasad “ Electrical measurements and measuring instruments”-
Khanna publishers-2007.
4. Stout M.B Basic Electrical measurements – PHI,1981.
 11EE503-TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION
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3 1 0 4

UNIT I INTRODUCTION 9
Transmission systems: Structure of power system – HVDC and EHV AC transmission Systems
-Mechanical Design: Sag in overhead lines – sag with supports at different levels – Effect of ice
and wind loading – stringing charts – sag template – stringing of conductors- vibration and
vibration dampers

UNITII TRANSMISSION LINE PARAMETERS 9

Fundamentals of power systems : single phase transmission – Three phase transmission –
inductance of a single phase two wire line – Inductance of composite conductor lines –
inductance of three phase lines – inductance of double circuit three phase lines – GMD method –
Transposition of lines – Bundled conductors – skin effect and proximity effect.Capacitance of a
two-wire line – capacitance of a three phase line with equilateral spacing – capacitance of a
double circuit line – Effect of earth on transmission line capacitance.

UNIT III PERFORMANCE OF TRANSIMISSON LINES 9

Characteristics and performance of transmission lines: Representation of lines – short lines –
Medium length lines – Solution by nominal T and methods – Calculation of sending and
receiving end voltages and current – Regulation and efficiency of a transmission line – Long
transmission line Hyperbolic form of equations for long lines – ABCD constants – Ferranti
effect – Tuned power lines – Equivalent circuit of a long line- surge impedance loading –
corona.

UNIT IV INSULATORS AND CABLES 9

Overhead line insulators – Types of insulators - potential distribution over a string of suspension
insulators – Method of equalizing potential – causes of failure of insulators. Underground
cables – Types of cables – capacitance of single core cable – Grading of cables – Power factor-
Heating in cables – capacitance of three core cable.

UNIT V DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS 9

Feeders, distributors and service mains : D.C distributors – singly fed and doubly fed wire and
three wire systems, with concentrated and uniformly distributed loads.
A.C distributor – single phase and three phase – 4 wire distribution –Radial and ring main
distribution.
L : 45 T : 15 Total : 60

TEXT BOOKS

1. Nagrath I.J. and Kothari D.P. “Power System Engineering” Tata McGraw Hill
Publishing company Limited, New Delhi;2007.
2. Soni,Gupta, Bhatnagar and Chakrabarthi “A Text Book on Power system
Engineering” Dhanpat Rai and Co; 1998.

REFERENCES
1. Gupta, B.R., ”Power system Analysis and Design”,s.chand,2003.
2. Singh,S.N, “Electric power Generation Transmission and Distribution “, prentice
hall of india, 2002
3. Lucess M.Fualkenberry, Walter Coffer,” Electrical power Distribution and
Transmission”, pearson Education,1996.
4. Hadi saadat, “Power system Analysis”, Tata McGraw hill publishing
company,2003
5. Wadhwa, C.L., “ Electric power systems ”,New age International(p)Ltd.2000
6. Turan Gonen,”Electric power Distribution Engineering “, 2nd Edition, CRC press,
2007.
 11EE511 - ELECTRONICS - II

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UNIT I POWER AMPLIFIERS 9

Classification of Power amplifiers - Class A direct coupled and transformer coupled amplifier –
Class B amplifier - Push pull connection - Complementary symmetry configuration - Expression
for maximum power conversion efficiency with class A and class B operation - Non linear and
cross over distortion - Distortion calculation – Class D amplifier.

UNIT II DIFFERENTIAL & FEED BACK AMPLIFIERS 9

Analysis of BJT and FET differential amplifiers- Voltage gain-CMRR- Feedback amplifiers -
Types of feedback-Positive, Negative, Series, Shunt, Current and Voltage feedback- Effect of
feedback on input impedance, output impedance, gain stability, bandwidth and distortion of
amplifier

UNIT III OSCILLATORS & MULTIVIBRATORS 9

Oscillators -Barkausen's criteria – RC Phase shift - Hartley and Colpitts Ocillator- Wien's bridge
oscillator – Expression for Frequency -Influence of loading , Ambient temperature on frequency
stability - Crystal oscillator- Multivibrators -Astable , mono stable and bistable multivibrators -
Schmitt trigger

UNIT IV INTEGRATED CIRCUIT FABRICATION 9

Monolithic integrated circuit technology - Planar processes - Bipolar transistor
fabrication - Fabrication of FETs - CMOS technology - Monolithic diodes - Metal to
semiconductor contact - Integrated circuit resistors, capacitors - Packaging - Characteristics
of integrated circuit components -Microelectronic circuit layout.

UNIT V REGULATED POWER SUPPLY 9

Principles of regulated power supply – Ripple factor, Rectification Efficiency, Transformer
Utilization factor – Bleeder reactor- Filters- Series and shunt type voltage regulator - Protection
of regulator against short circuit- 78XX IC, 79XX IC - SMPS- Wave shaping circuits- Clipper,
Clamper, Integrator and differentiator.

Total : 45

TEXT BOOK

1. Jacob Millman and Arvin Grabel “Microelectronics (Second edition)” Mc

Graw- Hill; 2001.
2. Allen Mottershead “Electronic Devices and Circuits” PHI; 1994..
3. R.S.Sedha, A text book of Applied Electronics , S.Chand & Company Ltd.,2004

REFERENCE BOOKS

1. Jacob Millman and Halkias. C.C “Electronic Devices and Circuits” Mc Graw Hill;
1987.
2. Rinehart and Wenston“Microelectronic Circuits” A.S. Sedra and K.C.Smith1987.
 11EE512 - ELECTRICAL MACHINES LABORATORY
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1. Open circuit characteristics of self excited DC generator.

2. Load characteristics of DC shunt and compound generator.
3. Swinburne’s test
4. Speed control of DC shunt motor.
5. OC & SC test on single phase transformer.
6. Load test on single-phase transformer.
7. Equivalent circuit of three-phase Induction motor
8. Load test on three-phase Induction motor
9. Load test on single-phase Induction motor
10. Regulation of three phase alternator by E.M.F. and M.M.F. methods
11. Slip test on three-phase alternator
12. V and inverted V-curves of three phase synchronous motor.
 SEMESTER IV

11EE403 - DIGITAL LOGIC CIRCUITS

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3 0 0 3

UNIT I BOOLEAN ALGEBRA AND COMBINATIONAL CIRCUITS 9

Boolean algebra: De – Morgan’s theorem, switching functions and simplification using K –
maps and Quine McCluskey method, Design of adder, subtractor, comparators, code converters,
encoders, decoders, multiplexers and demultiplexers.

UNIT II SYNCHRONOUS SEQUENTIAL CIRCUITS 9

Flip flops – SR, D, JK and T. Analysis of synchronous sequential circuits – Design of
synchronous sequential circuits – Counters, state diagram – State reduction – State assignment.

UNIT III ASYNCHRONOUS SEQUENCTIAL CIRCUIT 9

Analysis of asynchronous sequential machines – State assignment – Asynchronous design
problem.

UNTI IV PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC DEVICES, MEMORY AND LOGIC

FAMILIES 9
Memories – ROM, PROM, EPROM, PLA, PLD, FPGA – Digital logic families – TTL,
ECL,CMOS.

UNIT V VHDL 9
RTL Design – Combinational logic – Types – Operators – Packages – Sequential circuit – Sub
programs – Test benches. (Examples: adders, counters, flipflops, FSM, Multiplexers /
Demltiplexers).

Total : 45

TEXT BOOKS

1. Raj Kamal, “Digital Systems - Principles and Design”, 2nd Edition, Pearson
Education, 2007.
2. Morris Mano, “Digital Design”, Pearson Education, 2006.
3. Yarbrough, J.M., “Digital Logic, Application and Design”, Thomson, 2002.

REFERENCES
1. Roth, C.H., “Fundamentals Logic Design”, 4th Edition, Jaico Publishing, 2002.
2. Floyd and Jain, “Digital Fundamentals”, 8th Edition, Pearson Education, 2003.
3. Wakerly, J.F., “Digital Design Principles and Practice”, 3rd Edition, Pearson
Education, 2002.
4. Tocci, “Digital Systems: Principles and Applications”, 8th Edition, Pearson
Education.
 11EE404 - LINEAR INTEGRATED CIRCUITS

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UNIT I IC FABRICATION 9
IC classification – Fundamental of monolithic IC technology – Epitaxial growth – Masking and
etching, diffusion of impurities – Realisation of monolithic ICs and packaging –Fabrication of
diodes, capacitance, resistance and FETs

UNIT II CHARACTERISTICS OF OP-AMP 9

Ideal OP – AMP characteristics, DC characteristics – AC characteristics – Offset voltage and
current – Voltage series feedback and shunt feedback amplifiers – Differential amplifier;
frequency response of OP-AMP – Basic applications of OP-AMP – Summer – Differentiator
and integrator.

UNIT III APPLICATIONS OF OP-AMP 9

Instrumentation amplifier – First and second order active filters – V/I and I/V converters,
comparators, multivibrators, waveform generators, clippers, clampers, peak detector, S/H circuit,
D/A converter (R – 2R ladder and weighted resistor types), A/D converter – Dual slope –
Successive approximation and flash types.

UNIT IV SPECIAL ICs 9

555 Timer circuit – Functional block – Characteristics and applications; 566 – Voltage
controlled oscillator circuit; 565 – Phase lock loop circuit functioning and applications – Analog
multiplier ICs.

UNIT V APPLICATION ICs 9

IC voltage regulators – LM317 – 723 regulators – Switching regulator – MA 7840 – LM 380
power amplifier – ICL 8038 function generator IC – Isolation amplifiers – Opto coupler – Opto
electronic ICs.

Total : 45

TEXT BOOKS

1. Ramakant A. Gayakward, “OP-AMPS and Linear Integrated Circuits”, 4th Edition,

Pearson Education/Prentice Hall of India, 2000.
2. Roy Choudhary, D. and Sheil B.Jani, “Linear Integrated Circuits”, 2nd Edition, New
Age, 2003.

REFERENCES

1. Jacob Millman, Christos C.Halkias, “Integrated Electronics - Analog and Digital

Circuits System”, Tata McGraw Hill, 2003.
2. Robert F. Coughlin, Fredrick F. Driscoll, “OP - AMP and Linear ICs”, 4th Edition,
Pearson Education/ Prentice Hall of India, 2002.
3. David A. Bell, “OP-AMP Linear ICs”, 2nd Edition, Prentice Hall of India, 1997.
 11EE601 - POWER SYSTEM ANALYSIS
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UNIT-I SYSTEM COMPONENTS AND NETWORK MODELLING 9

Representation of power system components-per phase analysis of symmetrical three-phase
system-Single line diagram- impedance or reactance diagram-per unit system-Per unit
impedance diagram-change of base.
Development of network matrix from graph theory-Primitive impedance and admittance
matrices- Bus impedance and admittance matrices- Formation of bus admittance matrix by direct
inspection method and analytical methods-Formation of Bus impedance matrix using building
algorithm.

UNIT-II POWER FLOW ANALYSIS 9

Importance of power flow analysis in planning and operation of power systems- Problem
definition-bus classification-derivation of power flow equation-solution by Gauss-seidal and
Newton-Raphson methods-P-V bus adjustments for both methods - computation of slack bus
power, transmission loss and line flow-Fast Decoupled Power Flow-algorithm

UNIT-III FAULT ANALYSIS-BALANCED FAULTS 9

Need for short circuit study-basic assumptions in fault analysis of power systems-Symmetrical
(or) balanced three phase faults-problem formulation-fault analysis using z-bus matrix-algorithm
and flow chart .Computations of short circuit capacity, post fault voltage and currents.

UNIT-IV FAULT ANALYSIS-UNBALANCED FAULTS 9

Introduction to symmetrical components-sequence impedance-sequence networks -
representation of single line to ground, line to line and double line to ground fault conditions-
Unbalanced fault analysis- Analysis using z –bus impedance matrix

UNIT-V STABILITY ANALYSIS 9

Concept of stability in power system-stability limits-methods of improving stability limits -
classification of power system stability-Development of swing equation for Single Machine
Infinite Bus system-equal area criterion-determination of critical clearing angle and time –
solution of swing equation by modified Euler’s method and 4th order Runge-Kutta method

L : 45 T : 15 Total : 60

TEXT BOOKS

1. I.J.Nagarath and D.P.Kothari,’Modern Power System Analysis’, Tata McGraw-

Hill publishing Company, New Delhi, 1990.
2. John J. Grainger and Stevenson Jr. W.D.,’Power System Analysis’,McGraw Hill
International Edition,1994.
REFERENCES

1. Stagg,G.W. and EI-Abaid,A.H.’ Computer Methods in Power System

Analysis’,McGraw-Hill International Book Company 1993.
2. P.Kundur,’Power System Stability and control’, Tata McGraw Hill, publications,
1994.
3. C.L.Wadhwa-Electrical Power systems, second Edition,Wiley Eastern Limited,1993.
 11EE603 ELECTRICAL MACHINE DESIGN
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UNIT I INTRODUCTION 9
Magnetic circuit calculations : Magnetization characteristics - loss curves - estimation of total
MMF - MMF for airgap – MMF for teeth - significance of carter's coefficient - real and
apparent flux densities -leakage flux - leakage reactance in transformer - leakage
reactance in rotating machine Heating and cooling : heating and cooling curves -
calculations of temperature rise and fall - cooling and ventilation of rotating machines -
cooling methods employed in transformers.

UNIT II DC MACHINE DESIGN 9

Design of dc machines : standard specifications -output equation - output coefficient
- choice of specific magnetic and electric loadings - choice of number of poles - length
of airgap - design of armature winding and armature core - choice of number of armatrue
slots - dimensions of pole - design of field windings - design of commutator and brushes -
design of interpole and its winding.

UNIT III TRANSFORMER DESIGN 9

Design of Transformers - standard specification - EMF per turn - output equation -
window space factor - specific loadings - dimensions of core and yoke - design of
winding - cooling of transformers - design of tank with cooling tubes - estimation of no
load current of transformer - change of parameters with change of frequency.

UNIT IV INDUCTION MOTOR DESIGN 9

Design of three phase induction motor - output equation - choice of specific loadings - main
dimensions - design of stator windings and core - length of airgap - design of cage rotor -
design of wound rotor.

UNIT V SYNCHRONOUS MACHINE DESIGN 9

Design of synchronous machines : standard specifications - output equation - choice of
specific loadings - design of salient pole machines - short circuit ratio - length of air gap
- armature design - design of rotor - design of damper winding - design of turbo
alternator

L : 45 T : 15 Total : 60

TEXT BOOKS

1. SawhneyA.K. “A course in Electrical Machine Design”, Dhanpatrai & Co, 2007.

2. Agarwal R.K, “Principles of Electrical Machine Design” Kataria. S. K & Sons, 1997.

REFERENCES

1. Clayton & Hancock “The Performance and design of DC machines”Oxford and IBH
publishing Co, 1988.
2. Say. M.G. “The Performance and design of AC machines ,ELBS,1974.
3. Shanmugasundram .A ,Gangadhar .G &PalaniR. “Electrical Machine Design Data Book”
Wiley EsternLtd.,New Delhi;1979.
 11EE507 - CONTROL AND INSTRUMENTATION LABORATORY

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Control systems

1. Determination of transfer function of DC Generator

2. Determination of transfer function of DC Motor.

3. Study of Synchro.

4. Digital simulation of First order and second order systems using MATLAB.

5. Determination of Steady state error and Error coefficients using MATLAB.

6. Stability analysis of linear systems using MATLAB.

7. Design of Cascade compensator in frequency domain using MATLAB

8. Stepper motor control system.

Instrumentation

1. DC bridges.

2. AC bridges

3. Instrumentation amplifiers.

4. A/D and D/A converters.

5. Calibration of single-phase energy meter.

6. Calibration of current transformer.

7. Measurement of three phase power and power factor.

8. Measurement of iron loss.

 SEMESTER V

11EE504 - POWER ELECTRONICS

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3 1 0 4

UNIT I POWER SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES 9

Construction and characteristics of Power diodes – Power transistors – SCR, TRIAC,
MOSFET and IGBT – Two-transistor model of SCR-Turn-on and Turn-off methods ––
Switching performance – Triggering circuits , commutation circuits and snubber circuits for
SCR.

UNIT II PHASE-CONTROLLED CONVERTERS 9

2-pulse – 3-pulse and 6-pulse converters – Performance measures – Inverter operation of fully
controlled converter – Effect of source impedance – Effect of load inductance- Dual
converters

UNIT III DC TO DC CONVERTERS 9

Step-down and step-up self commutated choppers – Types of choppers-Time ratio control
and current limit control – Comparison between linear mode and switching mode regulators –
Buck – Boost – Buck-Boost Regulators

UNIT IV INVERTERS 9
Single-phase self commutated inverters– External and internal Voltage control -
PWM control- 120° mode and 180° mode three-phase inverters -DC link inverters –Current
source inverters.

UNIT V AC VOLTAGE CONTROLLERS 9

Principle of on-off control and phase control – Single-phase Half Bridge and Full Bridge
bidirectional controllers with R and RL loads – Estimation of RMS load voltage - RMS
load current and input power factor. Three-phase controllers – Single phase cyclo converters
-Matrix Converters

L : 45 T :15 Total : 60
TEXT BOOKS

1. Muhammad H. Rashid, “Power Electronics: Circuits, Devices and Applications”,

` 3rd Edition, Pearson Education/Prentice Hall, 2004.
2. Bhimbra, P. S., “Power Electronics”, 4th Edition, Dhanpat Rai and Sons, 2000.

REFERENCES
1. Singh, M.D. and Khanchandani, K.B., “Power Electronics”, 2nd Edition, Tata
McGraw Hill, 2004.
2. Bimal K. Bose, “Modern Power Electronics and AC Drives”, Pearson Education,
2003.
3. Ned Mohan, Tore M. Undeland, William P. Robbins, “Power Electronics
Converters Applications and Design”, 3rd Edition, John Wiley and Sons, 2003
4. Philip T.Krein, “Elements of Power Electronics “, Oxford University Press, 2004
Edition.
 11EE505 - MICROCONTROLLERS
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3 0 0 3

UNIT I - 8051 INTRODUCTION AND HARDWARE 9

Overview of 8051 family - 8051 Architecture- hardware- Program counter, Stack Pointer –
Register Banks, flags – Special function Registers - I/O Pins, Ports, External memory- Counter
and Timers- Serial data – Input /Output.

UNIT II - 8051 ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE AND C PROGRAMMING 9

Instructions – Addressing Modes – Data Transfer, Arithmetic and Logic Instructions - Jump,
Loop and Call Instructions – Bit Manipulations – Delay Loops – Look up Tables –- Simple
Programs for I/O operations.

UNIT III - 8051 PERIPHERALS AND EXTERNAL INTERFACE 9

Timers – Serial Ports – Interrupts and Subroutines – Timer, External Hardware Interrupt, Serial
Communication – Interrupt Priority – Interfacing – Keyboard – LCD _ADC and DAC
Interfacing – External Memory Interfacing - IDE tools -Simple programs to study interrupts
and Interfacing.

UNIT IV - INTRODUCTION TO PIC 9

Overview of Harvard Architecture and Pipelining - PIC16C6X Architecture- Memory
organization, I/O Ports, Timer modules, Instruction set- SPI-Input port and Output port
expansion .

UNIT V - PROGRAMMING WITH PIC 9

PIC 16F877 – Programs using Timers, UART, Interrupts - On-chip ADC, I2C memory, Real-
time clock, PWM generation, PWM voltage regulation .

Total : 45

TEXT BOOKS

1. Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Janice Gillispie Manidi, The 8051 Microcontroller and
Embedded Systems, Pearson Education, 2000. (Unit I and II )
2. John B.Peatman, Design with PIC Micro controllers, Pearson education, 2002(UNIT –
III & IV)

REFERENCES

1. Kenneth Ayala, Programming with 8051 microcontroller, 2nd edition , Pen ram
Publishers, 2003
2. Intel 8051 Microcontroller Hand book, Intel Corporation.
3. PIC16C6X & PIC 16F877 CMOS MCU Data Sheet
http://ww1.microchip.com/downloads/DeviceDoc/
 11EE508 - MICROCONTROLLERS LABORATORY
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8051 Microcontrollers

1. 8 bit addition, Subtraction, Multiplication and Division.

2. Code Conversions – Binary to BCD, BCD – Seven segment code
3. Sorting and moving an array of numbers
a. Ascending and Descending Order
b. Moving a block of numbers from one location to another.
4. I/O Port Programming
a. Stepper Motor Interface
b. Digital to Analog Controller Interface
c. Analog to Digital Controller Interface
5. Serial Communication of 8051 with PC.
6. Flash Programming of 8051 Microcontrollers
a. LED Interfacing
b. 7 segment LED Interfacing
c. LCD Interfacing
d. Key Board Interfacing
7. Study of Timer Interrupt in 8051

PIC Microcontroller

8. Simple I/O programs in PIC

9. Study of On Chip ADC
10. Study of PWM in PIC

11. Mini Project based on Application of 8051 or PIC

 SEMESTER VI
11EE604 -SOLID STATE DRIVES
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3 1 0 4
UNIT I DRIVE CHARACTERISTICS 9
Electric Drives – Types of electric drives - Characteristics of Electric Drives - Advantages of
electric drives - speed torque characteristics of various types of loads and drive motors -
Joint speed torque characteristics - Selection of power rating for drive motors based on
thermal limits, overload capacity and load variation factors.

UNIT II CONVERTER / CHOPPER FED DC MOTOR DRIVE 9

Steady state analysis of the single and three phase converter fed separately excited and series DC
motor drive – continuous and discontinuous conduction –4 quadrant operations of converter /
chopper fed drive- Braking of converter and chopper fed drives

UNIT III MODELING OF DC DRIVES 9

Transfer function of converter and chopper fed separately excited DC motor drives – closed
loop control with current and speed feedback – armature voltage control -Design of current and
speed controllers-Load torque disturbance.

UNIT IV INDUCTION MOTOR DRIVES 9

Stator voltage control – field weakening mode – v/f control – Static rotor resistance control-
Krammer and scherbius drives -voltage / current source inverter fed drives – closed loop control.

UNIT V SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR DRIVES 9

V/f control – self and separate control of synchronous motor drives : Margin angle control and
power factor control – permanent magnet synchronous motor drives.

L : 45 T : 15 Total : 60
TEXT BOOKS

1. Gopal K.Dubey, "Fundamentals of Electrical Drives", Narosa Publishing House, 1992.

2. Bimal K.Bose. "Modern Power Electronics and AC Drives", Pearson Education, 2002.

REFERENCES:

1. S.K.Pillai, "A First course on Electrical Drives", Wiley Eastern Limited, 1993.
2. Murphy J.M.D and Turnbull, "Thyristor Control of AC Motor", Pergamon Press, Oxford
1988.
3. Gopal K.Dubey, "Power semiconductor controlled Drives:, Prentice Hall Inc., New
Jersey, 1989.
4. R.Krishnan, "Electric Motor & Drives: Modeling, Analysis and Control", Prentice hall of
India, 2001.
 11EE605 - POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION AND SWITCHGEAR

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3 0 0 3

UNIT I PROTECTIVE RELAYS 9

Functional characteristics of a protective relay- Electromagnetic relays- over current, directional,
distance and difference relays – under frequency relays- Generalized mathematical expression-
Evolution of static relays. Micro controller based relays

UNIT II CIRCUIT BREAKERS 9

Arc voltage- Arc interruption- Restriking and recovery voltage- Resistance Switching- Current
chopping- classification of circuit breakers- oil, air blast, SF6- Vacuum circuit breaker-
operating mechanism- Introduction to HVDC circuit breaker- Selection of C.B- Testing of C.B-
HRC Fuses.

UNIT III POWER APPARATUS PROTECTION 9

Alternator protection - short circuit protection of stator windings using percentage
differential relays - protection against turn to turn faults in stator winding - protection of
stator windings using overvoltage relays - protection against stator open circuits, loss of
synchronism, loss of excitation, Rotor protection- Field ground fault protection- Loss of
excitation- Rotor overheating protection- rotor overheating - protection of transformers -
typical schemes.

UNIT IV FEEDER PROTECTION 9

Protection of feeder and ring main system- Earth fault protection- Introduction to distance
protection to HV and EHV lines- Pilot wire protection- Carrier current protection- Micro
controller based Relay schemes.

UNIT V PROGRAMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLERS BASED PROTECTION 9

Evolution of modern day PLC - relay based PLC - microprocessor based PLC - input
and output modules - other functional elements - personal computer as PLC. Programming the
PLC - ladder logic diagram - Boolean language - on line and off line programming aids -
communication in PLC - typical applications of PLC – Relay realization –Use of PLC in
Feeder protection scheme.

Total : 45

TEXT BOOKS
1. Protection and Switchgear – Sunil S. Rao – Khanna Publishers – IV Edition – 1990
2. Patra S.P,Basu. S.K, Choudhuri.S. “Power System Protection” Oxford & IBM
Publishing Co., New Delhi: 1983.
3. F.D Petruzella., "Programmable Logic Controllers" McGraw Hill 2006.

REFERENCES

1. Power System Protection and Switchgear- B.Ravindranath and N. Chander, New Age
International Private Ltd., Reprint 1996.Fundamentals of Power System Protection-
Y.G.Paithankar, S.R.Bhide, PHI, 2003.
 11EE607 - POWER ELECTRONICS AND DRIVES LABORATORY

L T P C
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1. Single Phase Semi-converter with R-L and R-L-E loads for continuous and
discontinuous conduction modes.

2. Single phase full-converter with R-L and R-L-E loads for continuous and
discontinuous conduction modes.

3. Three phase full-converter with R-L-E load.

4. MOSFET, IGBT based Choppers.

5. IGBT based Single phase inverters.

6. Volts/Hz control of VSI fed three phase induction motor drive.

7. Single phase AC voltage controller.

8. Mathematical Modeling and Simulation of closed loop speed control of

converter fed DC motor drive.

9. Mathematical Modeling and Simulation of closed loop speed control of chopper

fed DC motor drive.

10. Simulation of closed speed control of VSI fed three phase induction motor drive
using PSIM

11. Simulation of three-phase synchronous motor drive using PSIM.

 SEMESTER VII

11EE701 - POWER SYSTEM OPERATION AND CONTROL

L T P C
3 1 0 4

UNIT I ECONOMIC DISPATCH 9

General characteristics, evolution and structure of modern power systems – Transfer of power
between active sources – Concept of complex power flow – System load variation – system load
characteristics – load curves – daily, weekly and annual, load-duration curve – load factor –
diversity factor – reserve requirements– installed reserves, spinning reserves, cold reserves, hot
reserves - load forecasting -overview of system operation –Load dispatching-Incremental cost
curve – Coordination equations without loss and with loss Solution by direct method and λ-
iteration method.

UNIT II UNIT COMMITMENT 9

Statement of Unit commitment (UC) problem – Constraints in UC– Spinning reserve- thermal
unit constraints- Hydro constraints-Fuel constraints- and other constraints-UC solution methods-
Priority list n methods forward dynamic programming approach-Numerical problems only in
priority list methods using full load average production cost.

UNIT III REAL POWER- FREQUENCY CONTROL 9

Fundamentals of speed governing – Modeling of Generator, turbine, governor and load –Load
response to frequency deviation – Governors with speed-droop characteristics – Control of
generating unit power output –Fundamentals of speed governing mechanisms -Speed-load
characteristics - Concept of control area -LFC control of a single-area system - Two-area
modeling-Static analysis-Uncontrolled cases-Tie-line with frequency-bias control of two area
system.

UNIT IV REACTIVE POWER AND VOLTAGE CONTROL 9

Typical excitation system-Transfer Function -Generation and absorption of reactive power-
Relation between voltage, active power, reactive power at node-Methods of voltage control-
Injection of reactive power-Tap changing transformer-Numerical problems- Compensation
Methods.

UNIT V COMPUTER CONTROL OF POWER SYSTEMS 9

Energy control centre Functions-Monitoring– Data acquisition and control- SCADA and EMS
Functions– State estimation- WLS & WLAV Algorithm- State transition diagram - control
strategies - Security analysis.
L : 45 T : 15 Total : 60

TEXT BOOKS

1. Prabha Kundur, “Power System Stability and Control”, Tata McGraw-Hill Edition,
2006.
2. Elgerd, O.I., “Electric Energy System Theory: An Introduction”, Tata McGraw-Hill
Edition, 1983.

REFERENCES
1. Abhijit Chakrabarti, Sunita Halder “Power System Analysis: Operation and
Control”, 2nd Edition, Prentice Hall of India Learning Private Limited, 2008.
2. Hadi Saadat, “Power System Analysis”, Tata-McGraw Hill Edition, 2003.
3. Gupta, J.B., “A Course in Electrical Power”, S.K. Kataria Sons, 2003.
4. Allen J. Wood, Bruce F. Wollenberg, “Power Generation, Operation and Control”,
JohnWiley and Sons, Inc., 2003.
 11EE702 - ELECTRIC ENERGY GENERATION AND UTILIZATION
L T P C
3 0 0 3
UNIT I STEAM AND HYDRO POWER PLANTS 9
Historical background - Power development and growth of power industry in India - Sources of
energy - Conventional sources of energy - Layout of hydro power plant - Classification of hydro
- Electric power plants - Advantages of hydro - Electric power plant - Mini and micro hydro
power plants - Draft tube - Surge tanks - Safety measures in hydro power station characteristics
of steam power plant - Coal handling - Economizer and air preheater - Super heater -
Advantages of super - heated steam - Super - heat control - Plant layout - Modern steam power
station - Thermal power stations in India - Super thermal power stations - Thermal power
plants environmental control.

UNIT II NUCLEAR POWER PLANT 9

Introduction - Radioactive isotopes – Nuclear reaction - Fusion reaction - Nuclear fission.
Nuclear reactors - Types - Homogeneous and heterogeneous reactors - Fast breeder reactor -
Moderated reactor - Ordinary and heavy water reactor - Radiation shielding - Neutron shielding
- Effect of radiation- Fuel materials - Moderators and coolants - Reactor control - - Control
rods - Start up and shut down of reactor - Nuclear, heat electric power cycle.

UNIT-III RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES 9

Non - conventional sources of energy - solar energy -Collection systems -Solar cells – Cell
technologies – Characteristics of PV systems - wind energy -Wind power systems – System
components -Choice of generators - ocean energy - geo thermal energy Conversion of biomass
in other form of energy – solid, liquid and gases - magneto hydro dynamic (MHD) generation -
Tidal and wave energy – Geothermal and Ocean-Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) systems
– Schemes, feasibility and viability.

UNIT IV ILLUMINATION AND TRACTION 9

Visible region of the spectrum - Laws of illumination – Polar curves of different types of sources
- Determination of MHCP and MSCP - Design of lighting schemes for factories,
auditoriums, offices, hospitals and residential buildings - Gaseous and discharge lamps -
Sodium vapors lamp - Mercury vapor lamp - Electric Traction –Types of traction systems-
Speed time curves-Tractive effort- Specific energy output from simplified speed time curve-
Motors used for traction.

UNIT V ELECTRIC HEATING AND WELDING 9

Introduction –Requirement of heating material – Design of heating element – Methods of
heating –– Induction Heating – Dielectric Heating – Electric Arc Furnaces- Electric Welding –
Types of Resistance welding – Welding transformer

Total : 45
TEXT BOOKS

1. Uppal, S.L. and Rao, S., “Electrical Power Systems”, Khanna Publishers, 2009.
2. Wadhwa, C.L., “Generation, Distribution and Utilization of Electrical Energy”, New Age
International (P) Ltd, 2003.

REFERENCES

1. Partab, H., “Art and Science of Utilisation of Electrical Energy”, Dhanpat Rai and Co, 2004.
2. Gupta, B.R., “Generation of Electrical Energy”, Eurasia Publishing House (P) Ltd, 2003.
3. Rao, S., “Testing Commissioning Operation and Maintenance of Electrical Equipments”,
Khanna Publishers, 2007.
4. Anne Marie Borbely, Anne Marie Borbely, Jan F. Kreider., “Distributed Generation: The
Power Paradigm for the New Millennium”, CRC Press, 2001..
 ELECTIVES

11EE001 - PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND HUMAN VALUES

L T P C
3 0 0 3
UNIT I HUMAN VALUES 9
Morals, values and ethics – Integrity – Work ethic – Service learning – Civic virtue – Respect
for others – Living peacefully – Caring – Sharing – Honesty – Courage – Valuing time –
operation– Commitment – Empathy – Self-confidence – Character – Spirituality

UNIT II ENGINEERING ETHICS 9

Senses of Engineering Ethics – Variety of moral issued – Types of inquiry – Moral dilemmas –
Moral autonomy – Kohlberg's theory – Gilligan's theory – Consensus and controversy – Models
of professional roles – Theories about right action – Self-interest – Customs and religion – Uses
of ethical theories

UNIT III ENGINEERING AS SOCIAL EXPERIMENTATION 9

Engineering as experimentation – Engineers as responsible experimenters – Codes of ethics – A
balanced outlook on law – The challenger case study

UNIT IV SAFETY, RESPONSIBILITIES AND RIGHTS 9

Safety and risk – Assessment of safety and risk – Risk benefit analysis and reducing risk – The
three mile island and Chernobyl case studies – Collegiality and loyalty – Respect for authority –
Collective bargaining – Confidentiality – Conflicts of interest – Occupational crime –
professional rights – Employee rights – Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) – Discrimination.

UNIT V GLOBAL ISSUES 9

Multinational corporations – Environmental ethics – Computer ethics – Weapons development –
Engineers as Managers – Consulting Engineers – Engineers as expert witnesses and advisors –
Moral leadership – Sample code of ethics like ASME, ASCE, IEEE, Institution of Engineers
(India), Indian Institute of Materials Management, Institution of Electronics and
Telecommunication Engineers(IETE), India, etc.

Total : 45

TEXT BOOKS

1. Mike Martin, Roland Schinzinger, “Ethics in Engineering”, McGraw Hill, 1996.

2. Govindarajan, M., Natarajan, S. and Senthil Kumar V. S., “Engineering Ethics”,
Prentice Hall of India, 2004.

REFERENCES

1. Charles D. Fleddermann, “Engineering Ethics”, Pearson Education / Prentice Hall, 2004.

2. Charles E. Harris, Michael S. Protchard and Michael J. Rabins, “Engineering Ethics –
Concepts and Cases”, Wadsworth Thompson Learning, 2000.
3. John R. Boatright, “Ethics and the Conduct of Business”, Pearson Education, 2003.
4. Edmund G. Seebauer and Robert L. Barry, “Fundamentals of Ethics for Scientists and
Engineers”, Oxford University Press, 2001.
 11EE002 - HIGH VOLTAGE ENGINEERING
L T P C
3 0 0 3

UNIT I OVER VOLTAGES IN ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEMS 9

Causes of Overvoltages- Switching surges- Lightning phenomena- Causes- over voltage due to
lightning- Klydonograph- protection of transmission lines against direct lightning strokes-
protection of station and sub-stations from direct strokes- protection against travelling waves-
Peterson coil.

UNIT II GENERATION OF HIGH VOLTAGES AND HIGH CURRENTS 9

Generation of High DC Voltages- Deltatron circuit Van de Graaff generators – Electro static
generators- AC Voltages –Cascade transformers, Resonant transformers –Generation of high
frequency AC voltages- Impulse voltages- Standard impulse shapes, Wave shape control –Multi
stage impulse generators -Generation of Impulse currents.- Rectangular current pulses- Tripping
and control of impulse generators.

UNIT III MEASUREMENT OF HIGH VOLTAGES AND HIGH CURRENTS 9

Measurement of High DC voltages- Resistance potential divider- Generating voltmeters-
Measurement of ripple voltages in DC systems- Measurement of High AC and Impulse
voltages- Series impulse voltmeters- Capacitance potential dividers- Capacitance voltage
transformers- Magnetic type potential transformer- Series capacitor peak voltmeters Sphere gap
measurements- Potential dividers for impulse voltage measurements- Hall generators for DC
current measurements- Magnetic potentiometers – Digital techniques in high voltage
measurement.

UNIT IV ELECTRICAL BREAKDOWN IN GASES, SOLIDS AND LIQUIDS 9

Gaseous breakdown in uniform and non-uniform fields – Corona discharges – Vacuum
breakdown – Conduction and breakdown in pure and commercial liquids – Breakdown
mechanisms in solid and composite dielectrics.

UNIT V HIGH VOLTAGE TESTING & INSULATION COORDINATION 9

Testing of Insulators- Power frequency tests – impulse tests – Testing of Bushings – Testing of
Isolators and Circuit breakers- SC test – Testing of Cables – Testing of Transformers- Testing of
Surge diverters- Measurement of Radio interference voltage- – Insulation Coordination.

Total : 45

TEXT BOOK

1. M. S. Naidu and V. Kamaraju, ‘High Voltage Engineering’, Tata McGraw Hill,

3rd Edition, 2004.

REFERENCES

1. E. Kuffel and W. S. Zaengel, ‘High Voltage Engineering Fundamentals’, Pergamon Press,

Oxford, London, 1986.
2. E. Kuffel and M. Abdullah, ‘High Voltage Engineering’, Pergamon Press, Oxford,
1970.
3. L. L. Alston, Oxford University Press, New Delhi, First Indian Edition, 2006.
 11EE003 - MODERN CONTROL SYSTEMS

L T P C
3 0 0 3

UNIT I LINEAR SYSTEM DESIGN 9

Introduction- Design using Compensator – Realization of basic Compensators – Cascade
Compensation in Time domain - Cascade Compensation in Frequency domain – Feedback
Compensation

UNIT II DIGITAL CONTROL SYSTEMS 9

Introduction- Spectrum Analysis of Sampling Process-Signal Reconstruction – Difference
Equations – Z Transform – Pulse Transfer Function- Inverse Z transform – Analysis of Sample
data control systems using Z-transform - Z and S Domain Relationship- Stability Analysis of
Sample Data control systems.

UNIT -III STATE VARIABLE ANALYSIS OF CONTINOUS AND DISCRETE

SYSTEMS 9
Concept of state, State Variable and State Model – State models for linear continuous and
discrete time systems – Comparison between Transfer function model and state space model-
Conversion between TF model and State model - Solution of state equation – state transition
matrix and its properties, computation using Laplace transformation, power series method,
Cayley-Hamilton method -

UNIT-IV DESIGN OF CONTROL SYSTEMS IN STATE SPACE 9

Concepts of Controllability & Observability- Kalman’s and Gilbert’s tests fof testing of
Controllability & Observability - Design of full state feedback controller - Pole placement
technique- State Observers- –Design of Full order and reduced order State Observer.

UNIT V NON LINEAR SYSTEMS 9

Introduction – Common Physical Non linearities – The Phase plane method –Singular Points –
Stability of Non linear systems – Construction of Phase trajectories – Describing Function
Method – Derivation of Describing Functions – Stability analysis by describing function
method.

Total : 45

TEXT BOOKS

1. Control Systems Engineering, I. J. Nagarath & M. Gopal, 5rd edition.New Age

International (P) Ltd, 2007
2. Digital Control & State variable methods, M. Gopal , 3rd Edition, TMH ,2008

REFERENCE BOOKS

1. Modern Control Engineering, Katsuhiko Ogata, PHI,5th Edition, 2010

2. Modern control systems, Dorf & Bishop- Pearson education, 11th Edition 2008
3. Automatic Control Systems, Benjamin C. Kuo & Farid Golnaraghi, 8th edition, John
Wiley & Sons 2009.
 11EE004 – FLEXIBLE AC TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS
L T P C
3 0 0 3

UNIT I INTRODUCTION 9
Reactive Power Control in AC Transmission lines – Uncompensated transmission line – Need for
Controllers – Basic types of Controllers - shunt compensated controller – series compensated
controller – Thyristor controlled voltage regulator – comparison of HVDC and FACTS
technologies.

UNIT II STATIC VAR COMPENSATORS (SVC) 9

Objectives of shunt compensation - Methods of controllable Var Generation - Merits of Hybrid
compensators - General control scheme of static Var compensator – VI and VQ Characteristics
of SVC – Voltage control by SVC – Influence of SVC on system voltage.

UNIT III STATIC SERIES COMPENSATORS (SSC) 9

Objectives of Series Compensation – Variable impedance type Series Compensators – Modeling
and operating control schemes of GCSC, TSSC,TCSC– Variable reactance model –Switching
Converter type Series Compensators – Model and Operating Control scheme of SSSC.

UNIT IV EMERGING FACTS CONTROLLLERS 9

Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) – Transfer function model –Comparison between
STATCOM and SVC – Special purpose FACTS Controller –Thyristor Controlled Braking resistor –
Generalized and multifunctional FACTS Controllers.

UNIT V CO-ORDINATION OF FACTS CONROLLERS 9

Controller interactions –SVC – SVC interaction - Co-ordination of multiple Controllers using linear
Control techniques - Unified Power Flow Controller(UPFC) – Independent real and reactor Power
flow Control – Control Schemes for P and Q Control – Interline Power flow Controller(IPFC) –
Variable Structure FACTS Controllers.

Total : 45

TEXT BOOK

1. Narain G.Hingorani, Laszio. Gyugy, “ Understanding FACTS Concepts and Technology of

Flexible AC Transmission Systems”, Standard Publishers Distributors, NewDelhi, 2001.
2. R. Mohan Mathur and Rajiv K. Varma, ‘Thyristor - Based FACTS Controller for
Electrical Transmission Systems’, Wiley Interscience, IEEE Press, 2002.

REFERENCES

1. R. Mohan Mathur and Rajiv K. Varma, ‘Thyristor - Based FACTS Controller for
Electrical Transmission Systems’, Wiley Interscience, IEEE Press, 2002.
2. Singh.S.N , “ Electric Power Generation Transmission and Distribution”, PHI, New
Delhi
 11EE005 - EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
L T P C
3 0 0 3

UNIT I INTRODUCTION 9
Definition of Embedded System - Features of Embedded System - Types of Embedded
System - Embedded System Devices –Embedded system organization-Structural units in
processor , selection of processor & memory devices – DMA – I/O devices : timer & counting
devices – Serial communication using I2C , CAN USB buses – Parallel communication using
ISA , PCI ,PCI/X buses – Device drivers

UNIT II PROGRAMMING AND SCHEDULING 9 Intel

I/O instructions – Synchronization - Transfer rate, latency; interrupt driven input and output –
Non maskable interrupts, software interrupts, Preventing interrupts overrun - Disability
interrupts. Multithreaded programming –Context Switching, Preemptive and non-preemptive
multitasking, semaphores. Scheduling-thread states, pending threads, context switching

UNIT III ARM PROCESSOR BASED EMBEDDED SYSTEM DESIGN 9

ARM Controller - Block Diagram - Memory and on chip peripheral devices - ARM 7TDMI-S -
Debug and Emulation Trace Facility - Memory Map - Memory remap and Boot Block - CPU
Registers - Modes of Operation - PSW – Instruction Set - Assembly Language Program for
Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication and Division.

UNIT IV REAL-TIME OPERATING SYSTEMS 9

Introduction to basic concepts of RTOS, Unix as a Real Time Operating system – Unix based
Real Time operating system - Windows as a Real time operating system – POSIX – RTOS-
Interrupt handling - A Survey of contemporary Real time Operating systems: PSOS, VRTX,
VxWorks, QNX, чC/OS-II, RT Linux – Benchmarking Real time systems.

UNIT V SYSTEMS DESIGN 9

Project Management – Codesign issues in System Development Process – Design Cycle in the
development phase for an Embedded System – Use of target system or its emulator and In-
Circuit emulator.

Total : 45

TEXT BOOKS

1. Rajkamal, “Embedded system-Architecture, Programming, Design”, Tata McGraw

Hill, 2006.
2. Daniel W. Lewis, “Fundamentals of Embedded Software”, Prentice Hall of India,
2004.

REFERENCES

1. Jack R Smith “Programming the PIC microcontroller with MBasic”, Elsevier, 2007
2. Tammy Noergaard, “Embedded Systems Architecture”, Elsevier, 2006
3. Rajib Mall “Real-Time systems Theory and Practice” Pearson Education 2007
4. Sriram. V.Iyer & Pankaj Gupta, “Embedded real time systems Programming”,
Tata McGraw Hill, 2004.
 11EE006 – BIO –MEDICAL INSTRUMENTATION
L T P C
3 0 0 3

UNIT I PHYSIOLOGY AND TRANSDUCERS 9

Cell and its structure – Resting and Action Potential – Nervous system: Functional organisation
of the nervous system – Structure of nervous system, neurons - synapse – transmitters and neural
communication – Cardiovascular system – respiratory system – Basic components of a
biomedical system - Transducers – selection criteria – Piezo electric, ultrasonic transducers -
Temperature measurements - Fibre optic temperature sensors.

UNIT II ELECTRO – PHYSIOLOGICAL MEASUREMENTS 9

Electrodes –Limb electrodes –floating electrodes – pregelled disposable electrodes - Micro,
needle and surface electrodes – Amplifiers: Preamplifiers, differential amplifiers, chopper
amplifiers – Isolation amplifier.ECG – EEG – EMG – ERG – Lead systems and recording
methods – Typical waveforms.

UNIT III NON-ELECTRICAL PARAMETER MEASUREMENTS 9

Measurement of blood pressure – Cardiac output – Heart rate – Heart sound – Pulmonary
function measurements – spirometer – Photo Plethysmography, Body Plethysmography – Blood
Gas analysers : pH of blood –measurement of blood pCO2, pO2, finger-tip oxymeter - ESR,
GSR measurements .

UNIT IV MEDICAL IMAGING 9

Radio graphic and fluoroscopic techniques – Computer tomography – MRI – Ultrasonography –
Endoscopy – Thermography – Different types of biotelemetry systems and patient monitoring –
Introduction to Biometric systems

UNIT V ASSISTING AND THERAPEUTIC EQUIPMENTS 9

Pacemakers – Defibrillators – Ventilators – Nerve and muscle stimulators – Diathermy – Heart –
Lung machine – Audio meters – Dialysers – Lithotripsy, Electrical safety in medical
environment: shock hazards – leakage current-Instruments for checking safety parameters of
biomedical equipments

Total : 45

TEXT BOOKS

1. R.S.Khandpur, ‘Hand Book of Bio-Medical instrumentation’, Tata McGraw Hill

Publishing Co Ltd., 2003.
2. Leslie Cromwell, Fred J.Weibell, Erich A.Pfeiffer, ‘Bio-Medical Instrumentation
and Measurements’, II edition, Pearson Education, 2002 / PHI.

REFERENCES

1. M.Arumugam, ‘Bio-Medical Instrumentation’, Anuradha Agencies, 2003.

2. L.A. Geddes and L.E.Baker, ‘Principles of Applied Bio-Medical Instrumentation’,
John Wiley & Sons, 1975.
3. J.Webster, ‘Medical Instrumentation’, John Wiley & Sons, 1995.
4. C.Rajarao and S.K. Guha, ‘Principles of Medical Electronics and Bio-medical
Instrumentation’, Universities press (India) Ltd, Orient Longman ltd, 2000.
 11EE007 - WIRELESS NETWORK COMMUNICATION

L T P C
3 0 0 3

UNIT I PRINCIPLES OF WIRELESS COMMUNICATION 9

Digital modulation techniques – Linear modulation techniques – Spread spectrum modulation –
Performance of modulation – Multiple access techniques – TDMA – FDMA – CDMA – SDMA
– Overview of cellular networks – Cellular concept – Handoff strategies – Path loss – Fading
and Doppler effect.

UNIT II WIRELESS PROTOCOLS 9

Issues and challenges of wireless networks – Location management – Resource management –
Routing – Power management – Security – Wireless media access techniques – ALOHA –
CSMA – Wireless LAN – MAN – IEEE 802.11 (a–b–e–f–g–h–i) – Bluetooth. Wireless routing
protocols – Mobile IP – IPv4 – IPv6 – Wireless TCP. Protocols for 3G & 4G cellular networks –
IMT – 2000 – UMTS – CDMA2000 – Mobility management and handover technologies – All-
IP based cellular network

UNIT III TYPES OF WIRELESS NETWORKS 9

Mobile networks – Ad-hoc networks – Ad-hoc routing – Sensor networks – Peer-Peer networks
– Mobile routing protocols – DSR – AODV – Reactive routing – Location aided routing –
Mobility models – Entity based – Group mobility – Random way – Point mobility model.

UNIT IV ISSUES AND CHALLENGES 9

Issues and challenges of mobile networks – Security issues – Authentication in mobile
applications – Privacy issues – Power management – Energy awareness computing. Mobile IP
and Ad-hoc networks – VoIP applications.

UNIT V SIMULATION 9
Study of various network simulators (GloMoSim – NS2 – Opnet) – Designing and evaluating
the performance of various transport and routing protocols of mobile and wireless networks
using network simulator (any one).

Total : 45

REFERENCES

1. Theodore S. Rappaport, “Wireless Communications, Principles and Practice”,

Prentice Hall, 1996.
2. Stallings W., “Wireless Communications & Networks”, Prentice Hall, 2001.
3. Schiller J., “Mobile Communications”, Addison Wesley, 2000.
4. Lee W. C. Y., “Mobile Communications Engineering: Theory and Applications”,
2nd Edition, TMH, 1997.
5. Pahlavan K. and Krishnamurthy P., “Principles of Wireless Networks”, Prentice
Hall, 2002.
6. Black U. D., “Mobile and Wireless Networks”, PHI, 1996.
7. Charles E. Perkins, “Ad – Hoc Networking”, Addison – Wesley, December 2000
8. IEEE Journals and Proceedings
 11EE008 - NANO TECHNOLOGY
L T P C
3 0 0 3

UNIT-I INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEWS OF NANO SCIENCE 9

Macro to Nanoscales – Nanorevolution- Classification of Nanostructures, Nanoscale
Architecture- Effect of Nanoscale dimensions on various properties – Structural, Thermal,
Chemical, Mechanical, Magnetic, Optical and Electronic properties- Different classes of
Nanomaterials- Metal and Semiconductor Nanomaterials, Quantum dots.

UNIT-II SYNTHESIS AND CHARECTERIZATION OF NANOMATERALS 9

Fabrication methods- Top down processes-Milling litho graphics , Machining Process- Bottom –
up process, Chemical Synthesis – Sol gel methods- Vapour phase deposition methods – Self
assembly(Supra molecular approach) – Molecular design and modeling .
X-ray diffraction Technique (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy, IR techniques,
UV spectroscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) , Scanning Tunneling Microscopy
(STM), Raman Spectroscope.

UNIT- III NANOTECHNOLOGY FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEMS 9

NanoTechnology for sustainable Energy- Nanomaterials for batteries- Capacitors- Fuel cells-
Hybrid capacitors- Development and implementation of renewable energy Technologies – Nano
Technology enabled renewable Energy- Energy Transport, Conversion and Storage – Nano,
Micro and Meso scale phenomena and devices- Photo Voltaic cells – Solar cells.

UNIT-IV MICRO FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGY AND PHOTONIC DEVICES 9

Micro Fuel cell Technologies, Integration and performance for micro fuel cells Systems- Thin
film and Micro fabrication methods – Design methodologies – Micro Fuel cells power sources.
Metal semiconductor Contacts- Space charge region – Schottky effect- Ohmic contact – Tunnel
diode – Colomb blockade devices.

UNIT-V CARBON NANOTUBES IN ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS 9

Types and structures – Properties – Electrical conductivity- High strength and elasticity –
Thermal conductivity and Expansion – Field Emission – High aspect Ratio - Applications –
Molecular Electronics – Advanced Organic materials for data storage, Biosensors and
Nanobiotechnology
Total : 45
REFERENCES

1. Hari Singh Nalwa, “Nano Structured materials and Nano Technology”, Academic
Press, 2002
2. J.Twidell and T.Weir, “ Renewable Energy Resources, E & F N Spon Ltd, London,
1986
3. Gregory Timp, “ Nano Technology”, Springer-Verlag, 1999.
4. G. Timp (Editor), Nano Technology, AIP press/Springer, 1999.
5. Akhlesh Lakhtakia (Editor) The Hand Book of Nano Technology, “ Nano meter
Structure”, Theory, Modeling and Simulations, Prentice – Hall of India (P) Ltd,
New Delhi, 2007
6. Fuel cell Technology Hand book, Hoogers, CRC Press, 2003
7. Hand book of Fuel cells : Fuel cell Technology and Applications by Vielstich, Wiley,
CRC Press, 2003.
 11EE009 – POWER QUALITY
L T P C
3 0 0 3

UNIT I INTRODUCTION TO POWER QUALITY 9

Terms and definitions: Overloading - under voltage - over voltage. Concepts of transients – short
duration variations such as interruption - long duration variation such as sustained interruption.
Sags and swells - voltage sag - voltage swell - voltage imbalance - voltage fluctuation –
waveform distortion-harmonic distortion-power frequency variations. International standards of
power quality. Computer Business Equipment Manufacturers Associations (CBEMA) curve.

UNIT II VOLTAGE SAGS AND INTERRUPTIONS 9

Sources of sags and interruptions - estimating voltage sag performance. Thevenin’s equivalent
source - analysis and calculation of various faulted condition. Voltage sag due to induction
motor starting. Estimation of the sag severity - mitigation of voltage sags, active series
compensators. Static transfer switches and fast transfer switches.

UNIT III OVER VOLTAGES 9

Sources of over voltages - Capacitor switching – lightning – ferro resonance. Mitigation of
voltage swells - surge arresters - low pass filters - power conditioners. Lightning protection –
shielding – line arresters - protection of transformers and cables. An introduction to computer
analysis tools for transients, PSCAD and EMTP.

UNIT IV HARMONICS 9
Harmonic sources from commercial and industrial loads, locating harmonic sources. Power
system response characteristics - Harmonics Vs transients. Effect of harmonics - harmonic
distortion - voltage and current distortion - harmonic indices - inter harmonics – resonance.
Harmonic distortion evaluation - devices for controlling harmonic distortion - passive and active
filters. IEEE and IEC standards.

UNIT V POWER QUALITY MONITORING 9

Monitoring considerations - monitoring and diagnostic techniques for various power quality
problems - modeling of power quality (harmonics and voltage sag) problems by mathematical
simulation tools - power line disturbance analyzer – quality measurement equipment - harmonic
/ spectrum analyzer - flicker meters – disturbance analyzer. Applications of expert systems for
power quality monitoring.

Total : 45
TEXT BOOK

1. Roger. C. Dugan, Mark. F. McGranagham, Surya Santoso, H.Wayne Beaty,

‘Electrical Power Systems Quality’ McGraw Hill, 2003. (For Chapters 1,2,3,4 and
5)

REFERENCES

1. G.T. Heydt, 'Electric Power Quality', 2nd Edition. (West Lafayette, IN, Stars in a
Circle Publications, 1994). (For Chapter 1, 2, 3 and 5)
2. M.H.J Bollen, ‘Understanding Power Quality Problems: Voltage Sags and
Interruptions’, (New York: IEEE Press, 1999). (For Chapters 1, 2, 3 and 5)
3. J. Arrillaga, N.R. Watson, S. Chen, 'Power System Quality Assessment', (New
York: Wiley, 1999). (For Chapters 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5)
 11EE010 - COMPUTER NETWORKS
L T P C
3 0 0 3

UNIT I INTRODUCTION TO OSI MODEL 9

Introduction – Networks – Protocols and standards – Standards organizations – Line
Configurations – Topology – Transmission mode – Categories of networks – Inter networks –
OSI model – Functions of the layers – Encoding and modulating -Transmission media – Guided
media – Unguided media – Transmission impairment – Performance

UNIT II ERROR CONTROL AND DATA LINK PROTOCOLS 9

Error detection and correction – Types of errors – Detection – Vertical Redundancy Check
(VRC)– Longitudinal Redundancy Check (LRC) – Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) – Check
sum –Error correction – Data link control – Line discipline – Flow control – Error control – Data
link protocols – Asynchronous protocols – Synchronous protocols – Character oriented
protocols – BIT oriented protocols – Link access procedures-Medium Access Control (MAC)
algorithm.

UNIT III NETWORKS AND SWITCHING 9

LAN – Project 802 – Ethernet – Token bus – Token ring – FDDI – MAN – IEEE 802.6 (DQDB)
–SMDS – Switching: Circuit switching, Packet switching, Message switching – Networking
and internetworking devices – Repeaters – Bridges – Gateways – Other devices – Routing
algorithms – Distance vector routing – Link state routing

UNIT IV X.25, FRAME RELAY, ATM AND TCP / IP PROTOCOL SUITE 9

X.25 – X.25 Layers – Frame relay: Introduction – Frame relay operation – Frame relay layers –
Congestion control – Leaky bucket algorithm – Traffic control – ATM – Design goals – ATM
Architecture – ATM layers – ATM applications –TCP / IP protocol suite –Process to Process
delivery–UDP– Overview of TCP/IP.Network layers – Addressing – Subnetting – Other
protocols and Network Layers – Logical Addressing –IP V4 Addressing –IPV6 Addressing –
Internet protocol –Internetworking IP V4& IP V6.

UNIT V PRESENTATION AND APPLICATION LAYER 9

Security– Cryptography, Symmetric Key Cryptography, Asymmetric Key Cryptography –
Network Security –Security Services, Message Confidentiality, Integrity, and Authentication–
Digital Signature-Key Management–Entity Authentication. Application layer – Domain Name
System (DNS) – Telnet – File Transfer Protocol (FTP) – Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) –
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) – Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)

Total : 45

TEXT BOOK

1. Behrouz A. Forouzan, “Data Communication and Networking”, 4 th Edition, Tata

McGraw Hill, 2006

REFERENCES

1. Andrew Tannenbaum, S., “Computer Networks”, 4th Edition, Pearson Education /

Prentice Hall of India, 2003.
 11EE011 - TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT
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UNIT I QUALITY 9
Definition of quality – Dimensions of quality – Quality planning – Quality costs – Analysis
techniques for quality costs – Basic concepts of total quality management – Historical review –
Principles of TQM – Leadership – Concepts – Role of senior management – Quality council –
Quality statements – Strategic planning – Deming philosophy – Barriers to TQM
implementation.

UNIT II TQM PRINCIPLES 9

Customer satisfaction – Customer perception of quality – Customer complaints – Service quality
–Customer retention – Employee involvement – Motivation – Empowerment – Teams –
Recognition and reward – Performance appraisal – Benefits – Continuous process improvement
–Juran trilogy – PDSA cycle – 5S-Kaizen – Supplier partnership – Partnering – Sourcing –
Supplierselection – Supplier rating – Relationship development – Performance measures – Basic
concepts– Strategy – Performance measure.

UNIT III STATISTICAL PROCESS CONTROL (SPC) 9

The seven tools of quality – Statistical fundamentals – Measures of central tendency and
dispersion – Population and sample – Normal curve – Control charts for variables and attributes
–Process capability – Concept of six sigma – New seven management tools.

UNIT IV TQM TOOLS 9

Benchmarking – Reasons to benchmark – Benchmarking process – Quality Function
Deployment(QFD) – House of quality – QFD process – Benefits – Taguchi quality loss function
– TotalProductive Maintenance (TPM) – Concept – Improvement needs – FMEA – Stages of
FMEA.

UNIT V QUALITY SYSTEMS 9

Need for ISO 9000 and other quality systems – ISO 9000:2000 quality systems –Elements,
implementation of quality system – Documentation – Quality auditing – TS 16949 – ISO 14000
–Concept – Requirements and benefits.

Total : 45
TEXT BOOKS

1. Besterfiled, D.H., “Total Quality Management”, 3rd Edition, Pearson Education,

2004.
2. Narayana V. and Sreenivasan N.S, “Quality Management-Concepts and Tasks”,
New Age International, 1996.

REFERENCES

1. Evans, J.R. and Lidsay, W.M., “The Management and Control of Quality”, 5th
Edition, South-Western (Thomson Learning), 2002.
2. Feigenbaum, A.V., “Total Quality Management”, McGraw Hill, 1991.
3. Oakland, J.S., “Total Quality Management”, Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd., 1989.
 11EE012 - DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING
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UNIT I DIGITAL IMAGE FUNDAMENTALS 9

Elements of digital image processing systems, Vidicon and Digital Camera working principles, -
Elements of visual perception, brightness, contrast, hue, saturation, mach band effect, Color image
fundamentals - RGB, HSI models, Image sampling, Quantization, dither, Two-dimensional
mathematical preliminaries, 2D transforms - DFT, DCT, KLT, SVD.

UNIT II IMAGE ENHANCEMENT 9

Histogram equalization and specification techniques, Noise distributions, Spatial averaging,
Directional Smoothing, Median, Geometric mean, Harmonic mean, Contraharmonic mean filters,
Homomorphic filtering, Color image enhancement.

UNIT III IMAGE RESTORATION 9

Image Restoration - degradation model, Unconstrained and Constrained restoration,Inverse filtering-
removal of blur caused by uniform linear motion, Wiener filtering, Geometric transformations-
spatial transformations.

UNIT IV IMAGE SEGMENTATION 9

Detection of discontinuities: Point detection, Line detection, Edge detection – Edge linking and
boundary detection – Thresholding: Global and Optimal thresholding techniques – Region based
segmentation – Object recognition: Pattern and pattern classes, Matching by minimum distance
classifier, Matching by correlation.

UNIT V IMAGE COMPRESSION 9

Image Compression: Objective and subjective fidelity criteria – Image compression models – Error-
free compression: Variable length coding, LZW coding, Bit-plane coding, Lossless predictive
coding – Lossy compression: Lossy predictive coding, Transform coding – Image compression
standards.
Total : 45
TEXT BOOKS

1. Rafael C. Gonzalez, Richard E. Woods, , Digital Image Processing', Pearson,

Education, Inc., Second Edition, 2004.
2. Anil K. Jain, , Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing', Pearson Education, Inc.,
2002.

REFERENCES

1. Kenneth R. Castleman, “Digital Image Processing", Pearson, 2006.

2. Rafael C. Gonzalez, Richard E. Woods, Steven Eddins, ”Digital Image Processing
using MATLAB”, Pearson Education, Inc., 2004.
3. D,E. Dudgeon and RM. Mersereau, “Multidimensional Digital Signal Processing”,
Prentice Hall Professional Technical Reference, 1990.
4. William K. Pratt, “Digital Image Processing” , John Wiley, New York, 2002
5. Milan Sonka et aI, “Image Processing, Analysis and Machine
vision”, Brookes/Cole, Vikas Publishing House, 2nd edition, 1999