MECHANICS OF DEFORMABLE BODIES

TORSION
Torsion is a variable shearing stress experienced by solid or hollow circular shafts subjected to
moment or torque. This shearing stress varies directly with the radial distance from the center
of the cross section and is expressed by

~ T
T  . The radial distance “ ” becomes “r” for maximum torsional shearing stress. For
J
~ 16T
maximum torsional shearing stress in solid shafts of diameter d becomes T 
d 3

TL
The angular deformation in a length L is expressed in radians by   .
JG

I. Flanged Bolt Coupling Connection

A commonly used connection between two shafts is a flanged bolt coupling. It cobnsists of
flanges rigidly attached to the ends of the shafts and bolted together. The torque is transmitted
by the shearing force P created in the bolts.

P=SA

d 2
T=PRn or T  PRn  SRn .
4
Occasionally a coupling has two concentric rows of bolt. Letting the subscript 1 refer to bolts
on the outer circle and subscript 2 refer to bolts on the inner circle, the torque capacity of the
coupling is T=P1R1n1+P2R2n2. The relation between P1 and P2 can be determined from the
fact that the comparatively rigid flanges cause shear deformations in the bolts which are

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 MECHANICS OF DEFORMABLE BODIES

proportional to their radial distances from the shaft axis. Using Hooke’s Law for shear,
P1 P2
A1 A2

G1R1 G2 R21

1. What is the minimum diameter of a solid steel shaft that will not twist through more than
3 in a 6m length when subjected to a torque of 14KN-m? What maximum shearing
stress is developed? Use G=83Gpa.
2. A stepped steel shaft consists of a hollow shaft 2m long, with an outside diameter of 100
mm and an inside diameter of 70mm, rigidly attached to a solid shaft 1.5m long, and
70mm in diameter. Determine the maximum torque that can be applied without
exceeding a shearing stress of 70MPa or a twist of 2.5 in a 3.5 m length. Use
G=83Gpa
3. A solid steel shaft is loaded as shown. Using G=83Gpa,
determine the required diameter of the shaft if the shearing stress is
limited to 60MPa and the angle of rotation at the free end is not to
exceed 4.

4. A flanged bolt coupling consists of eight steel 20-mm bolts spaced evenly around a bolt
circle of300mm in diameter. Determine the torque capacity of the coupling if the
allowable shearing stress in the bolts is 40MPa.

5. A flange bolt coupling consists of 6-10mm diameter steel bolts on a bolt circle 300mm in
diameter and 4-10mm diameter steel on a concentric bolt circle 200mm in diameter.
What torque can be applied without exceeding a shearing stress of 60MPa in the bolts?
B) Determine the number of 10mm steel bolts that must be used on the 300mm bolt
circle of the coupling to increase the torque capacity to 8KN-m.

a. ECCENTRICALLY LOADED RIVETED CONNECTIONS

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 MECHANICS OF DEFORMABLE BODIES

6. The connection of 12 rivets shown, the load P = 200kN passes through the center of
rivet C and has a slope of 4/3. Determine the resultant load on the most heavily loaded rivet.

A
100
mm

X
c.g.
CCC C c
100
mm

80 mm 80 mm 80 mm

7. Determine the most and least heavily loaded 16mm diameter rivet in the connection shown.
Note that rivets B and C were not properly driven that they do not carry any load.

A B C
90 mm

D E F
90 mm

G H I
P=50KN

120 mm 120 mm

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 MECHANICS OF DEFORMABLE BODIES

8. Rivets 22 mm in diameter are used in the connection shown in the figure. If P = 90 kN,
what thickness of plate is required so as not to exceed a bearing stress of 140 MPa?

P
80 mm

80 mm

100 mm

9. In the gusset plate connection shown in the figure, if P = 60 kN, determine the
shearing stress in the most heavily loaded of the four 22-mm rivet.

100 mm 100 mm 200 mm

150 mm

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 MECHANICS OF DEFORMABLE BODIES

10. For the connection shown in the figure, determine the shearing stress in the most
heavily loaded of the three 22-mm rivets.

80 mm 80 mm

90 mm

100 mm

60 kN 4

11. A gusset plate is riveted to a larger plate by four 22mm rivets arranged and
loaded as shown. Determine the minimum shear stress developed in the rivets.

80 80 80
mm mm mm
100
mm
P=40KN

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